FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF HUANGLASHI AND HUANGTUPO LANDSLIDES IN THREE GORGES, CHANGJIANG RIVER, CHINA
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摘要: 为了探索复杂滑坡轨迹结构演化及其稳定性定量分析计算的新途径, 利用分形分维理论, 分析三峡库首区黄腊石滑坡和黄土坡滑坡边界轨迹的几何分形结构, 并采用盒维数法分别求得黄腊石滑坡西部活动性滑坡群、东部小滑坡群和整个滑坡系统及黄土坡滑坡分形结构的特征性斜率曲线和分维值.计算结果表明: 每个滑坡群的轨迹结构具有其特征性的分维值, 轨迹结构越复杂, 结构层次越清楚, 分维值越高.其中, 黄腊石滑坡西部活动性滑坡群的分维值最高, D =1.483, 黄土坡滑坡的分维值最低, D =1.111.主要结论包括: (1) 滑坡边界轨迹存在统计上的自相似性, 具有分形结构特征; (2) 滑坡轨迹结构的宏观扩展变形过程是一个增维过程, 而不是降维过程; (3) 滑坡轨迹结构越复杂, 有序性越好, 分维值越高, 其稳定性越差; 因此, 分数维可作为衡量滑坡轨迹结构复杂性和稳定性的重要标志.Abstract: In order to discover a new approach to the quantitative analysis of the evolution and stability of the complex landslide trace pattern, the fractal theory is employed to analyze the geometrical fractal pattern of the self-similar boundary trace between the Huanglashi landslide and the Huangtupo landslide in the fore-reservoir region of the Three Gorges, Changjiang River. In addition, the box dimension method is employed to obtain the characteristic slope curves and fractal values for the corresponding fractal patterns of the active landslide cluster in the west of the Huanglashi landslide, the small landslide cluster in the east of the Huanglashi landslide, the whole landslide system of the Huanglashi landslide, and the Huangtupo landslide respectively. The computation results show that the trace pattern of each landslide cluster is characterized by its characteristic fractal value. The more complex the trace pattern, the clearer the structure layers, and the higher the fractal value. In particular, the highest fractal value is D =1.483 located in the active landslide cluster in the west of the Huanglashi landslide, and the lowest fractal value D =1.111 located in the Huangtupo landslide. The fractal analysis of the Huangtupo landslide and the Huanglashi landslide provides us with the following major conclusions: (1) The statistical self-similarity and the fractal structure are both present in the boundary trace between the landslides. (2) The macro-extension deformation process of the landslide trace pattern is characterized by the increase in the dimension instead of the decrease in the dimension. (3) The more complex the landslide trace pattern, the better the sequential order, the higher the fractal value, and the poorer the stability of the corresponding landslide. Therefore, the fractal dimension may serve as a statistical assessment criterion for the analysis of the complexity and stability of the landslide trace pattern.
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Key words:
- Huanglashi landslide /
- Huangtupo landslide /
- landslide trace pattern /
- fractal dimension
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图 1 滑坡区地质简图
1.中三叠统巴东组泥灰岩; 2.下三叠统嘉陵江组灰岩; 3.背斜和向斜轴线; 4.断层; 5.岩层产状; 6.滑坡体
Fig. 1. Geological sketch map of the landslide area
图 3 滑坡边界轨迹结构分维计算图解
a.黄土坡滑坡分维计算曲线; b.黄腊石滑坡分维计算曲线, D1, D2和D3分别为整体滑坡系统、西部主体滑坡群和东部小滑坡群计算曲线的分维值
Fig. 3. Fractal dimensions of the landslide boundary trace pattern
表 1 黄土坡滑坡边界轨迹测量数据
Table 1. Measurement data of the boundary trace pattern of the Huangtupo landslide
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