Characteristics of Sedimentary-Tectonic Evolution and High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy in Luanping Basin
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摘要: 为了确切描述扇三角洲各相带空间分布形态与规模, 以便与地下相同类型的沉积体进行比较, 采用精细露头层序地层学的方法, 重点对滦平盆地晚期阶段发育的扇三角洲序列进行了高精度层序划分.在幕式构造作用下, 滦平盆地经历了5期火山喷发和构造沉降演化阶段.在分析目前高精度层序划分意见的基础上, 提出了以初始水泛面作为划分四级层序界面的观点, 建立了若干界面识别标志; 提出了划分五级层序的基本原则.按照上述观点, 对滦平盆地所研究层段进行了高精度层序划分, 共划分了2个层序、15个四级层序和40多个五级层序.剖析了滦平扇三角洲沉积构成, 认为它是属同生断裂构造控制的近源陡坡粗粒浅水为主的扇三角洲体系, 发育了3种沉积组合, 共17种成因相.概括了盆地构造活动性对扇三角洲发育的3种控制模式, 即构造平静期干旱气候发育了缓坡浅水型扇三角洲; 沉降作用为主的构造活动期发育陡坡半深水-浅水型扇三角洲; 盆缘抬升为主的构造活动期则发育陡坡粗粒扇三角洲.研究结论对于中国东部类似盆地的沉积体系类比以及能源勘探开发都具有借鉴意义.Abstract: In order to describe the spatial distribution and the size of all facies in fan-delta depositional system, and to compare with the same kind of system, the detailed analysis of crop sequence stratigraphy is taken in the Luanping basin. This basin underwent 5 evolution stages including volcanic irruptions and tectonic subsidences under the actions of episode tectonic movements. Based upon the analysis of high resolution stratigraphic sequence units, high-resolution sequence for the fan-delta system which was developed in late phase. The first flooding surface is taken as the fourth order sequence interface and many recognizable marks of the interface are set up. They also elaborate the principle of dividing fifth order sequence. According to the opinions and principles mentioned above, the high-resolution sequence is subdivided in Luanping basin, into 2 sequences, 15 fourth order sequences, and more than 40 fifth order sequences. In addition, the paper describes the model of fan-delta depositional composition. It dominantly was shallow and coarse fan-delta sedimentary system which was controlled by the synsedimentary fault. The system was composed of 3 depositional associations and 17 genetic facies. Furthermore, the paper generalizes three modes of fan-delta development under the control of tectonic activities. When tectonic movement is equable shallow water and slow fan-delta system is formed. During the basin sabsidence was dominated, the steep and subdeep-shallow water fan-delta system would be formed. When the tectonic movement was dominated by the uplift of the basin margin, the coarse fan-delta system was developed. The conclusions have a strong analogy and referring value to energy resources' exploration and exploitation in East China's similar basin.
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Key words:
- high-resolution /
- sequence stratigraphy /
- sedimentary architecture /
- basin evolution /
- Luanping basin
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图 1 滦平盆地沉积充填及构造演化格架(据武法东等, 2000)
1.角砾岩; 2.砂砾岩; 3.砂岩; 4.泥岩; 5.中性火山岩; 6.酸性火山岩; 7.断层
Fig. 1. Framework of deposition-filling and tectonic evolution in Luanping basin
图 3 滦平盆地扇三角洲沉积体系中典型的沉积构造
a.滦平盆地桑园营子公路剖面宏观特征; b.砾岩中的大型板状、楔状交错层理特征; c.扇三角洲平原辫状水道中的大型平行层理特征; d.扇三角洲远端前缘中的粉砂岩、泥岩互层特征; e.扇三角洲远端前缘河口坝沉积中的液化构造特征; f.大型水下滑塌构造特征; g.近于对称的浪成波痕特征
Fig. 3. Typical sedimentary structures in the fan-delta depositional system, Luanping basin
图 4 滦平盆地扇三角洲高频层序地层格架
Fig. 4. Framework of fan-delta high frequency sequence stratigraphy in Luanping basin
图 5 滦平盆地构造条件控制下扇三角洲沉积体系充填演化模式
Fig. 5. Filling evolution mode of fan-delta depositional system under the tectonic control in Luanping basin
表 1 滦平盆地中生代地层
Table 1. Mesozoic stratigraphy in Luanping basin
表 2 冲积扇-扇三角洲体系沉积组合及成因相划分
Table 2. Subdivision of alluvial fan-delta system depositional association and its genetic facies
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