The Analysis and Analogue Modeling of the Tectonic Evolution and Strong Subsidence in the Yinggehai Basin
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摘要: 莺歌海盆地新生代发生了快速沉降, 盆内充填了最厚达17 km的沉积, 根据模拟实验, 印支地块或之上刚性地块的存在对莺歌海盆地的强烈沉降具有重要的贡献, 可能是造成莺歌海盆地裂陷期强烈沉降的重要原因之一.结合地质分析和物理模拟实验, 莺歌海盆地的演化大致可以分为以下4个主要阶段: 早期(42 Ma以前) 主要受到南海北部陆缘(主要是北部湾盆地) 裂解造成的右旋转换伸展作用的影响, 但影响范围较小, 主要为莺歌海盆地西北部和东部边界.42~21 Ma期间, 主要受控于印支地块左行走滑和顺时针旋转作用的影响, 莺歌海盆地在此期间发育了主体裂陷体系, 东侧受到右旋转换伸展应力场的叠加影响而导致沉降加强; 21~10.4 Ma期间, 受印支地块逐渐减弱直至停止的左行走滑作用的影响, 盆地西北部在21~15.5 Ma期间发生局部反转褶皱, 但盆地整体进入以热沉降为主的时期; 10.4 Ma以后, 盆地受华南地块沿红河断裂右旋走滑作用和5 Ma以后新一期热事件的影响.Abstract: During Eocene period, rapid subsidence occurred in the Yinggehai basin where more than 17 km of sedimentary cover has been accumulated.According to the analogue modeling experiments, the rigid massif on the Indochina block could be one of the most important factors contributing to the strong subsidence and high sedimentation rate of the basin.Combined the geological analysis with analogue modeling experiments, the evolution of the Yinggehai basin could be divided into four main stages: (1) Before 42 Ma, controlled by the southeastward extension of the Beibu Gulf basin on the northern continental margin, the Yinggehai basin experienced dextral pull-apart.Bounded by NS-trending Yingxi fault, the transtensional areas mainly are the northwest part and along the eastern boundary of the basin. (2) From 42 to 21 Ma, the development of the main rift body in Yinggehai basin was mainly controlled by the southward slip and clockwise rotation of the Indochina block along the Red River fault zone, and the sedimentation was strengthened due to the sinistral transtension.In the east, the subsidence is deepened due to the dextral transtension. (3) From 21 to 10.4 Ma, the sinistral movement of the Indochina block slowed down to still.From 21 to 15.5 Ma, the northwest part of the basin began to inverse locally because of post-rift thermal subsidence of the whole basin. (4) From 10.4 Ma to present, the basin was affected by the dextral movement of the South China block along the Red River fault zone and thermal accident in a new phase at 5 Ma.
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Key words:
- Yinggehai basin /
- tectonic evolution /
- strong subsidence /
- analogue modeling
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图 2 莺歌海盆地的两条地震剖面
剖面位置见图 1, 其中剖面1解释据钟志洪等(2004); 剖面2解释据杨克绳(2000)
Fig. 2. Two seismic profiles of the Yinggehai basin
图 3 莺歌海盆地Moho面深度等值伐图(据龚再升等编制, 1997)
Fig. 3. Moho isometric in the Yinggehai basin
图 4 莺歌海盆地913393剖面沉降速率(龚再升等, 1997)
Fig. 4. Subsiding rate on Profile 913393 of the Yinggehai basin
图 5 莺歌海盆地先右旋后左旋转换伸展作用下变形的表面图
其中, A2、B2分别为A1、B1的解释结果, 虚线指示基底板
Fig. 5. Surface view of the experiment after dextral transtension and sinistral transtension in turn
图 6 印支地块上未设置(A1, A2)和设置了刚性构造地块(B1, B2) 情况下表面变形样式的对比
A2、B2分别为A1、B1的解释结果, 虚线椭圆指示刚性地块的位置, 白色实线为南倾断裂, 黑色实线为北倾断裂, 箭头指示地块运动方向
Fig. 6. Surface view comparison between model without and with rigid massif on Indochina block
图 7 印支地块上未设置(P1)和设置了刚性构造地块(P2) 情况下最大垂向断距分布对比
黑色实线代表断层, 箭头指示断层运动方向; 剖面位置见图 6中P1和P2
Fig. 7. Maximum vertical offset along profile of models without (P1) or with (P2) rigid massif
表 1 莺歌海盆地构造演化模拟模型参数
Table 1. Modeling parameters used in the tectonic evolution experiment of Yinggehai basin
表 2 设置刚性地块的模型参数
Table 2. Parameters used in the experiment with rigid massif
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