Characteristics and Significance of the Cold Seep Carbonates from the Datangpo Formation of the Nanhua Series in the Northeast Guizhou
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摘要: 黔东北及毗邻地区新元古界南华系下统铁丝坳组冰碛层(相当于Sturtian冰期) 之上, 大塘坡组的底部分布一套黑色岩系.在一系列同期形成的断陷盆地近中心区域, 黑色岩系下部主要由菱锰矿、白云岩等碳酸盐岩组成.通过对该地区出露的这套碳酸盐岩的野外地质构造、矿物成分、碳、氧、硫稳定同位素特征的研究, 发现除碳稳定同位素表现出强烈的负偏移外, 硫同位素值表现出明显的正偏移, 还发现了大量气孔状构造和泥火山、底辟等典型构造.其特征与现代海底天然气水合物的渗漏、释放和环境突变所形成的冷泉碳酸盐岩机理一致, 进而认为这套碳酸盐岩成因是新元古界古海洋的海底天然气水合物渗漏所形成的冷泉碳酸盐岩沉积.该成果拓展了海底天然气水合物研究领域和时空范围, 对其所导致的成岩成矿作用、环境评价的分析研究提供了新思路.Abstract: In the Northeast Guizhou and its surrounding, a series of black shales, covering the tilm sheet of Tiesiao Formation which is thought to be formed during the Sturtian, distributes at the bottom of Datangpo Formation, lower Nanhua Series, Neoproterozoic.Generally, the lower part of the black shales is mainly composed of carbonate such as dialogite, dolomite and so on, near the center of a succession of syngenetic fault basins.Through the studies of the carbonate outcrop in this area in terms of the field structure, mineral components and the characteristics of carbonate, oxygen and sulfur isotopes, it is shown that sulfur isotope presents distinct positive excursion in contrast with carbonate isotope that indicates an intense negative excursion.In addition, a mount of stomatal dialogite and significant structures like mud volcano, diapers and so on have been found.Based on the above features, the studied carbonate is supposed to have come into being under the same mechanisms as modern cold venting carbonate on the sea floor via the seep and release of gas hydrate and the environmental mutation.Therefore a simple conclusion is obtained that the carbonate for research is possible to be generated on the ancient ocean floor in the Proterozoic as the deposition of cold venting carbonate, because of the gas hydrate seep.This study widens the research areas for the ocean floor gas hydrate and its spatial and temporal distribution, supplying a new idea for the analysis of the diagenesis, mineralization and environmental assessment.
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Key words:
- Nanhua Series /
- cold venting carbonate /
- Datangpo Formation /
- Northeast Guizhou
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图 1 黔东北南华系大塘坡组冷泉碳酸盐岩分布
1.实测古断裂; 2.推测古断裂; 3.冷泉碳酸盐岩分布范围; 4.C、O同位素采样位置; 5.研究区位置、范围
Fig. 1. Distribution of cold seep carbonates from Datangpo Formation of Nanhua in the Northeastern Guizhou
图 2 大塘坡地区冷泉碳酸盐岩沉积野外沉积及显微照片
a, b, c.气孔状构造菱锰矿矿石(手标本), 其中a.气孔顶面形态(呈圆状); b.气孔底面形态; c.气孔剖面形态(呈压扁状); d.单个气孔放大形态(四周为白色玉髓镶边); e.菱锰矿矿体形态; f.发育在菱锰矿矿层上覆层中的一组泥火山构造; g.其中一个泥火山形态(注意泥火山通道垂直层面向上发散, 通道中为菱锰矿所充填); h.菱锰矿矿层顶部的底辟构造(地质锤把方向为上); i.菱锰矿的泥晶和凝块状结构; j.菱锰矿中的草莓状黄铁矿
Fig. 2. Pictures in the field and micro-photos of the cold seep carbonates from Datangpo Formation in the Northeast Guizhou
图 3 黔东北松桃地区冷泉碳酸盐岩的硫同位素对比
冷泉口数据来源于Greinet et al., 2002; 其余数据来源于王家生等, 2005
Fig. 3. Comparison of stable S isotopes from cold seep carbonates in the Datangpo of Songtao with those from others
表 1 黔东北冷泉碳酸盐岩的碳、氧稳定同位素测试结果
Table 1. Stable C, O isotopes of the cold seep carbonates in the Northeast Guizhou
表 2 黔东北松桃地区冷泉碳酸盐岩的δ34S值测试结果
Table 2. S isotopes of the cold seep carbonates in the Songtao
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