Biofacies and Ichnofacies of Neogene in the Qikou Depression and Their Environmental Interpretation
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摘要: 岐口凹陷新近系包括明化镇组和馆陶组.通过新近系中的孢粉、介形虫和遗迹组构的系统研究, 识别出孢粉53个属种, 并建立了两个孢粉组合, 分别为Magnastites (粗肋孢) -Ulmus (榆粉) -Taxodiaceae pollenites (杉粉) 组合和Polygonaceae-Chenopodiaceae组合; 发现介形虫12个属种, 介形类以金星介科分子为主, 少数湖花介科分子, 以壳形单一、壳壁薄、表面光滑的类型为主, 表现了典型的非海相淡水介形类面貌; 划分出4种遗迹组构类型, 分别为Scoyenia遗迹组构、Skolithos遗迹组构、Palaeophycus遗迹组构和强扰动组构.在此基础上, 探索了生物与环境的关系, 划分了A、B、C、D、E5种生物-遗迹相带, 分别代表泛滥平原、蓄水注地或泛滥平原小型湖、河道及水下分流河道边部、滨浅湖和前三角洲沉积环境.Abstract: Sporopollen, ostracod and ichnofabric characteristics of Neogene in the Qikou depression were studied and fifty-three genus were recognized. Two sporopollen combination, Magnastites-Ulmus-Taxodiaceae pollenites and Polygonaceae-Chenopodiaceae, were established.Twelve genus ostracod were identified.The ostracod shell is singleness, thin and slippy, which exhibites the visage of typical freshwater ostracod.Four ichnofabric were identified, which are Scoyenia ichnofabric, Skolithos ichnofabric, Palaeophycus ichnofabric and acute disturb ichnofabric respectively.Based on the above research, five biofacies and ichnofacies were carved up, which represent overflow plain, small lake in the overflow plain, interchannel or subaqueous spreader interchannel, shallow lake and predelta sedimentary environments respectively.
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Key words:
- biofacies /
- ichnofacies /
- biomakers /
- Neogene /
- Qikou depression
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图 2 岐口凹陷新近系典型孢粉化石属种
1.Toroisporis sp.托弟蕨孢(未定种); 2、3.Taxodiaceae pollenites hiatus破隙杉粉; 4、5.Gothenpollenites sp.高腾粉(未定种); 6.Quercoidites minutus小栎粉; 7.Q. henrici亨氏栎粉; 8.Rutaceoidites sp.芸香粉(未定粉); 9.Rhoipites sp.漆树粉(未定种); 10.Trapa菱属; 11.Alnipollenites sp.桤木粉(未定种); 12.Chenopodipollis sp.藜粉(未定种); 13.Campenia sp. 1褶皱藻(未定种1);14.Momipites coryloides拟榛粉; 15.Juglanspollenites sp.胡桃粉(未定种); 16.Liquidambardites sp.枫香粉(未定种); 17.Tricolpites sp.三沟粉(未定种); 18.Campenia sp. 2褶皱藻(未定种2);19.Pterocarya pollenites sp.枫杨粉(未定种); 20.Caryapollenites triangular三角山核桃粉; 21.Salixipollenites sp.柳粉(未定种); 22.Ulmipollenites minor小榆粉; 23、28.Leiosphaeridium sp.光面球藻(未定种); 24、26、27.Pinuspollenites sp. 1双束松粉(未定种1);25.Pinuspollenites sp. 2双束松粉(未定种2).所有化石均放大800倍
Fig. 2. The representative genus of Neogene sporopollen in the Qikou depression
图 3 岐口凹陷新近系典型介形虫属种
1.Candona planus; 2.Darwinuda exils; 3.Limnocythere sp.1;4.Limnocythere sp.2;5、6.Mediocypris gudavensis; 7.Ilyocypris salebrosa stepanaiys; 8、9.Ilyocypris gudavensis; 10.Mediocypris gudavensis; 11.Ilyocpris subdunschanesis; 12、14.Metacypris datongensis; 13.Cyprinotus chiuhsiensis.所有化石均放大60倍
Fig. 3. The representative genus of Neogene ostracod in the Qikou depression
图 4 岐口凹陷新近系岩心遗迹相特征
a.Cylindricum(圆柱迹), 港深63-1井, 1 448.9 m; b.Skolithos(石针迹的横断面), 庄浅6井, 1 663.5 m; c.Palaeophycus(丛藻迹), 港92井, 1 731.0 m; d.生物扰动构造, 港深64-1井, 1 560.5 m
Fig. 4. Characteristics of Neogene ichnofabrics in the Qikou depression
图 5 岐口凹陷新近系遗迹组构特点素描
a.Scoyenia遗迹组构; b.Skolithos遗迹组构; c.Palaeophycus遗迹组构; d.强扰动组构
Fig. 5. The sketch map of Neogene ichnofabric characteristics in the Qikou depression
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