青藏高原及邻区三阶段构造演化与成矿演化

李德威

青藏高原及邻区三阶段构造演化与成矿演化

李德威

中国地质大学地球科学学院青藏高原研究中心, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家重大基础研究前期研究专项 2005CCA05600

国家自然科学基金项目 40572113

详细信息

作者简介:
李德威(1962-), 男,教授,主要从事大陆动力学和成矿动力学的教学和研究．E-mail:dewei89@sina.com

中图分类号: P542
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2008-02-15
- 刊出日期: 2008-11-25

Three-Stage Tectonic Evolution and Metallogenic Evolution in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Its Adjacent Area

LI De-wei

摘要

摘要: 青藏高原具有典型的三分时空结构和3种尺度动力学体系.青藏高原由3个构造结调整的3个盆山体系组成, 北部、东部和南部3个盆山体系分别受控于古亚洲洋及西伯利亚、西太平洋和特提斯三大构造域, 经历了前寒武纪超大洋一超大陆耦合、加里东期-印支期-燕山期和喜马拉雅早期自北而南的洋陆耦合和板内盆山耦合三大构造发展过程, 形成于地核流层驱动的地核(或全球) 动力学过程、地幔流层驱动的地幔(或岩石圈) 动力学过程和地壳流层驱动的地壳(或大陆) 动力学过程, 构成历史地球系统动力学系统.青藏高原不是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的结果, 而是形成于下地壳流动驱动的板内盆山作用, 可分为以中、新生代有序向南迁移式构造隆升、水平运动、地质作用和成矿作用为特征的板内造山阶段和以脉动式快速隆升、垂直运动、地理作用和环境变化为特征的均衡成山阶段.构造谱系决定了成矿谱系, 区域构造叠加演化造成地壳成熟度的不断增加和矿床密集度的不断提高.青藏高原3个构造成矿演化阶段包括1.8~1.4Ga、500~420Ma、300~260Ma、180~120Ma、65~30Ma、23~7Ma等6个主金属成矿期, 1.8~1.4Ga超大陆裂解事件形成与深地幔火山岩浆作用有关的大红山式海相火山喷流沉积改造型铁铜矿、金川式与镁铁-超镁铁质岩有关的铜镍硫化物浆矿床, 500~420Ma、300~260Ma和180~120Ma特提斯裂解环境下形成罗布莎式地幔剪切-改造脉型(豆荚状) 铬铁矿床、呷村式海相火山成因块状硫化物矿床等, 180~120Ma、65~30Ma和23~7Ma是青藏高原自北而南板内伸展环境下大规模成矿期, 形成驱龙式斑岩铜矿床、哀牢山式剪切带型金矿床、金顶式陆相盆地沉积型铅锌矿床, 构成一个完整的地球系统成矿动力学演化体系.
- 板内造山 /
- 板内成矿 /
- 伸展成矿 /
- 历史地球系统动力学 /
- 青藏高原
Abstract: The Qinghai-Tibet plateau has trichotomy of temporal-spatial structure and three scales of dynamic system.The plateau includes northern, eastern and southern basin-mountain systems adjusted by three (northern, eastern and western) syntaxes that are separately controlled by Siberia plate, Pacific plate and India ocean plate, which underwent three tectonic stages including Precambrian supercontinent-superocean coupling, southward ocean-continent coupling of Proto-Tethys, Pa-leo-Tethys, Meso-Tethys, and Neo-Tethys that separately took place in the Caleodonian period, Indosinian period, Yans-hanian period and Early Himalayan period and intraplate basin-mountain coupling separately driven by laminar flow in core (core dynamics or global dynamics), laminar layer in mantle (mantle dynamics or lithospheric dynamics) and laminar flow in crust (crustal dynamics or dynamic dynamics), composing an earth system dynamics system.The Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is not the result of collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasia plate, but intraplate basin-mountain coupling driven by lower crust lateral flow from basin to plateau, which can be subdivided into two stages: intraplate orogeny characteristized by tectonic uplift, horizontal movement, geological process and metallogenesis during 180-7 Ma southward migration from Qilian-Kunlun to Himalaya and isostatic mountain building characteristized by pulsative integral quick uplift, vertical move-ment, geographical process and environmental change since 3.6 Ma.Tectonic pedigree determines mineralizing pedigree.Multistage regional tectonic evolution causes the increase of crustal maturity and enhancement of mineral deposit density.Three stages of tectonic and metallogenic evolution in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau include six main mineralizing phases inclu ding 1, 8-1.4 Ga, 500-420 Ma, 300-260 Ma, 180-120 Ma.65-30 Ma, and 23-7 Ma, constituting a metallogenic dy namics evolutional system, in which 1.8-1.4 Ga rifting event of supercontinent resulted in formation for Dahongshan-type reworked marine volcanic sedimentary iron-copper deposit, Jinchuan-type copper and nickel sulfide deposits associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks; 500-420 Ma rifting of Proto-Tethys, 300-260 Ma rifting of Paleo-Tethys, and 180-120 Ma rifting of Meso-Tethys and Neo-Tethys controlled Luobusha-type mantle shear and reworking vein (podiform) chromite de posits, Gacun-type volcanics-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits; 180-120Ma intraplate extension in the northern plateau, 65-30 Ma intraplate extension in the central plateau and 23-7 Ma intraplate extension in the southern plateau formed the Qulong-type porphyry Cu deposits, Ailaoshan-type shear zone Au deposits, and Jinding-type continental sedi mentary rock-hosted Pb-Zn deposits.
- intraplate orogeny /
- intraplate metallogeny /
- extensional metallogeny /
- earth system dynamic evolution /
- the Qing hai-Tibet plateau

HTML全文

表 1 藏高原三阶段构造演化基本特征的对比

Table 1. Comparison of three-stage tectonic evolution features in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau

表 2 青藏高原板内两阶段构造演化地质特征的对比

Table 2. Comparison of two-stage intraplate tectonic evolution in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau

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