Responses of Groundwater Recharge and Pumpage to Change in Precipitation in Hebei Plain
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摘要: 通过对京津以南河北平原年降水量、地下水补给量和农业开采量三者动态规律及其互动关系研究表明, 年降水量减增, 同期地下水补给量与开采量呈互逆变化规律, 即降水量减小, 补给量变少, 开采量增大; 年降水量增大, 补给量较多, 开采量减小.在连续枯(丰) 水年份, 当年降水量减少(增加) 10mm时, 则地下水系统水量减少7.08 (增加7.06) mm, 水位下降(上升) 5.2~8.7cm; 在10~320mm变幅内, 当年降水量减少(增加) 10%时, 则地下水系统水量减少7.98 (增加7.67) %.气候旱化过程中降水变化对引起补给量减少和开采量增加的幅度, 大于气候增雨过程中降水变化对补给量增大和开采量减少的影响程度.因此, 需要重视连续枯水年份降水变化对地下水系统影响的应对举措, 这对于提高我国北方区域地下水资源供给安全保障具有重大意义.Abstract: The research from 1986 to 2000 into the dynamic processes and interactions among annual precipitation, annual groundwater recharge from rainfall and annual pumpage for agriculture in Hebei plain to the south of Beijing and Tianjin, revealed the negative relationship between the increase or decrease in annual precipitation and the contemporaneous annual groundwater recharge from rainfall and the annual pumpage. In another word, when the annual precipitation decreases, the recharge decreases, but the pumpage increases. However, when the annual precipitation increases, the recharge increases to a relatively great extent, but the pumpage decreases. During the successive years of shortage or abundance of water, if the annual precipitation decreases (or increases) by 10 mm, the water quantity of the regional groundwater system decreases by 7.08 mm (or increases by 7.06 mm) and the corresponding water level falls (rises) by 5.2 cm to 8.7 cm. In the range of the annual precipitation variation from 10 to 320 mm, if the annual precipitation decreases (or increases) by 10%, the water quantity of the regional groundwater system decreases by 7.98% (or increases by 7.67%), the corresponding water level falls (rises) at the same rate. The effect of the precipitation variation both on the decrease in recharge and on the increase in pumpage in the dehumidification season is greater than that on the increase in recharge and on the decrease in pumpage in the increasingly raining season. Therefore, more attention should be paid to some measures that may soften the effect of the precipitation variation on the underground water system in the successive years of shortage of water, which may be of great significance to the stability and security in the underground water supply system in the north of China.
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图 1 1986-2000年期间年降水量、年农业开采量、地下水年补给量及水位互动的动态变化
Fig. 1. Dynamic processes among precipitation, the pumpage for agriculture, groundwater recharge from rainfall and its level in Hebei plain from 1986 to 2000
图 2 1956年以来研究区及分区年降水量动态变化
a.京津以南河北平原逐年降水量变化; b.分区年降水量距平变化
Fig. 2. Dynamic process of regional annual precipitation in Hebei plain and its subarea since 1956
图 3 1986—2000年以来地下水年补给量、年开采量与年降水量之间关系
a.研究区补给量、开采量与降水量的关系; b.不同分区开采量与补给量的关系
Fig. 3. Relationship among the pumpage for agriculture, groundwater recharge from rainfall and the precipitation in Hebei plain since 1986 to 2000
图 4 气候旱化或增雨过程中补给量、开采量与降水量比率变化
Fig. 4. Variation rate between groundwater recharge or pumpage for agriculture and precipitation in Hebei plain
图 5 补给量、开采量距平与降水量距平的关系
Fig. 5. Relationship among the variation values of groundwater recharge, pumpage for agriculture and precipitation in Hebei plain
表 1 1986—2000年研究区农田灌溉面积(亿m2/a)
Table 1. Irrigated area of land for growing field crops in the study area since 1986 to 2000
表 2 1986—2000年降水量变化对地下水系统水量及水位影响程度
Table 2. Influence intensity of annual precipitation variation to regional groundwater quantity and its level in Hebei plain since 1986 to 2000
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