Advances and Prospects for Long-Term Geophysical Observation in Deep Borehole
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摘要: 地球科学是以观测为基础的科学.当前, 如何克服城市化、工业化、现代化发展带来的噪音干扰, 提高观测的信噪比, 成为地球科学发展的重要课题之一.开展深井观测是解决地面噪音干扰的主要途径.近年来, 随着地球系统科学研究的深入以及解决环境、资源、防灾等科学问题的需求, 世界大陆、大洋科学钻探工程研究以及在钻孔深井内进行的地球物理长期观测得到飞速发展, 并取得了初步的观测研究成果.本文介绍了世界各国在深井长期观测方面的最新进展, 展示了中国大陆科学钻探工程在江苏东海现场开展深井地球物理综合观测的方案及其观测研究前景.东海深井长期观测站将成为中国第一个无地面干扰的综合性深井地震、地球物理实验观测站, 它是实现我国“入地”科学计划的重要基础, 将开创我国21世纪地球科学观测研究的崭新局面.Abstract: Observation is the basis of geoscientific research. A significant project in the development of geoscientific study is the improvement of the signal to noise ratio in the heavily ambient noise of industrialization and urban expansion. Observation in a deep borehole is one way to restrain the noise. Recently, scientific drilling and the long-term multi-component geophysical observations in deep boreholes have been speedily developed on the continent as well as in the ocean. Many observations and studies have been reported. In the present analysis, we provide an overview of geophysical observation achievements in deep boreholes worldwide. A plan for observation in the borehole in Donghai, Jiangsu of the Chinese Continent Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project is discussed and the bright future for the deep borehole geophysical observation is clarified. The long-tem borehole observatory in Donghai will be the first noiseless multi-geophysical observatory in China. The observatory is a significant study base for researching the inner earth. The deep borehole observation will enrich geoscientific knowledge and benefit areas such as resource prospecting, environmental protection and disaster prevention.
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图 1 对于同一个小地震(东京湾北部M2地震, 震源深度30 km), 浅井与深井观测站所记录的波形对比
Fig. 1. Comparison of seismic waves of same earthquake obtained at shollow (600 m) and deeper (2 750 m) boreholes
图 2 东京湾地区的地震震源剖面对比
右上与右下图分别用地面台网观测资料与增加深井观测后的台网观测资料作成
Fig. 2. Comparison of two profiles of epicentral distribution in Tokyo bay
图 3 日本土歧市定林寺1 030 m深井长期观测站剖面示意图(a) 和深井数字小口径地球物理综合观测仪器(b)
Fig. 3. Schematic section of the long-term multiple geophysical observation at the 1 030 m depth borehole located at the Jyorinji of the Toki, Japan (a) and digital small-diameter multi-component instrument for deep borehole observation (b)
图 4 日本屏风山深井地球物理观测站应变仪记录到的地球长周期自由震荡
Fig. 4. Long-periodic free oscillations of earth recorded by the strain meter of the geophysical observation for deep borehole located at the Byobusan, Japan
图 5 深井用光纤式宽频地震仪(a) 及其在振动实验中的照片(b)
Fig. 5. Optically-linked broadband seismometer for borehole observations (a) and it's in testing on vibrating platform (b)
图 6 中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD) 现场地质构造分布
图中PP1、PP2、PP3分别为卫星孔的位置; 1.第四系; 2.第三纪玄武岩; 3.白垩纪盆地沉淀; 4.造山后未变质花岗岩; 5.含霓石角闪石二长花岗质片麻岩; 6.角闪黑云斜长花岗质片麻岩; 7.斜长(二长) 花岗质片麻岩; 8.含黑云母二长花岗质片麻岩; 9.钾长花岗质片麻岩; 10.表壳岩系; 11.榴辉岩和超基性岩; 12.剪切带或断层; 13.卫星孔; 14.主孔; HP belt.高压变质带; UHP belt.超高压变质带
Fig. 6. Simplified geological and tectonic map of the site of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD)
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