沉积盆地超压系统演化与深层油气成藏条件

郝芳; 邹华耀; 倪建华; 曾治平; 王敏芳

沉积盆地超压系统演化与深层油气成藏条件

中国地质大学资源学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家杰出青年科学基金项目 40125008

详细信息

作者简介:
郝芳(1964 -), 男, 长江学者奖励计划特聘教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事石油地质研究.

中图分类号: P618.130.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2002-02-28
- 刊出日期: 2002-09-25

Evolution of Overpressured Systems in Sedimentary Basins and Conditions for Deep Oil/Gas Accumulation

Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 晚期成藏是大中型油气田形成的重要特征.从晚期成藏的观点出发, 深层油气藏的形成需要盆地深层发育仍处于有利生、排烃阶段的源岩, 具有较高孔隙度、渗透率的深部储层, 以及有利的储层-盖层能量配置.在超压盆地中, 超压对生烃的抑制作用使常压盆地中已过成熟的源岩保持在有利的生、排烃阶段, 从而为深层油气成藏提供较好的烃源条件; 超压条件下低有效应力引起的机械压实程度减弱、流体流动性减弱引起的化学胶结作用减缓及有机酸对矿物的溶解作用使深埋超压储层保持较高的孔隙度和渗透率.然而, 由于超压引起的地层天然水力破裂和流体穿层运移, 超压环境深部油气藏的形成和保存需要有效的储层-盖层能量配置.
- 沉积盆地 /
- 超压系统 /
- 深层油气 /
- 成藏条件
Abstract: Accumulation at late stages has been confirmed to be an important characteristics of most large and medium sized oil/gas reservoirs in China. From the viewpoint of late accumulation, the existence of active source rocks and reservoir rocks with relatively high porosity and permeability in the deep part of the basin, and favorite pressure distribution between reservoir rocks and seals were required for the accumulation of deep oil/gas reservoirs. In overpressured basins, source rocks that would have reached the metagenetic stage without retardation in normally pressured basins have been kept within the zones favorable for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion due to overpressure retardation, which provides good hydrocarbon sources for oil/gas accumulations in the deep intervals. The weak mechanical compaction due to low effective stress, and weak chemical diagenesis due to closed or semi closed fluid systems in overpressured conditions lead to the preservation of relatively high porosities and permeabilities for the deeply buried sandstones. However, because of the natural hydraulic fracturing of strata and cross formation migration of fluids including oil and gas, effective energy distribution between reservoir rocks and seals are required for the accumulation and preservation of deep oil and gas accumulation in overpressured conditions.
- sedimentary basin /
- overpressured system /
- deep oil and gas /
- accumulation condition

HTML全文

图 1 莺歌海盆地乐东30-1-1A井压力、镜质体反射率剖面及不同深度C₁₅₊正构烷烃分布

Fig. 1. Pressure and vitrinite reflectance profile for Well LD30-1-1A, and C₁₅₊ hydrocarbon distribution for two samples at different depths.

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图 2 珠江口盆地储层含油性与孔隙度、渗透率的关系

Fig. 2. Variation of oil-bearing properties of the reservoirs in the Pearl River Mouth basin with their porosity and permeability.

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图 3 孔隙度随深度的变化, 示超压盆地深部储层的高孔隙度

Fig. 3. Variation of porosity with depth showing the high porosity of deeply-buried sandstones in overpressured basins

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图 4 琼东南盆地崖13-1构造和崖21-1构造压力和古地温参数及其反映的流体活动

Fig. 4. Profiles of pressure and paleo-temperature parameters for Ya13-1 and Ya21-1 structures in the Qiongdongnan basin

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图 5 (a) 输导层中压力的传递对系列圈闭盖层破裂的控制; (b) 北海盆地部分圈闭高点的流体压力随深度的变化及其与破裂压力梯度的关系(据Caillet等^[29]修改)

Fig. 5. (a) Controlling role of pressure conduction in conduits in cap-rock fracture in a series of traps; (b) Variation of fluid pressures at trap tops in North Sea basin with depth in comparison with the fracture gradient (modified from Caillet et al.^[29])

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