甘肃省永靖县盐锅峡发现大型蜥脚类恐龙足迹

杜远生; 李大庆; 彭冰霞; 雷汝林; 白仲才

甘肃省永靖县盐锅峡发现大型蜥脚类恐龙足迹

1.
中国地质大学地球科学学院，湖北武汉 430074
2.
甘肃省地堪局古生物研究开发中心，甘肃兰州 730050

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 40042007

详细信息

作者简介:
杜远生(1958-)，男，博士生导师，1982年毕业于武汉地质学院，主要从事古生物地层学、沉积学和造山带地质学的教学和科研工作

中图分类号: P52
计量
- 文章访问数: 3678
- HTML全文浏览量: 107
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2001-11-09
- 刊出日期: 2002-07-25

Largescale Dinosaur Footprints of Sauropod from Yanguoxia, Yongjing County, Gansu Province

1.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Research Center of Paleontology, Bureau of Geology and Resource Exploration of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China

摘要

摘要: 甘肃永靖盐锅峡下白垩统河口群盐锅峡组发现大量恐龙足迹化石.初步调查发现了10个化石点293个足印化石.其中在1号点600 m²的发掘面上, 保存有7组蜥脚类138个足印、9组兽脚类60个足印、1组鸟脚类3个脚印和1组翼龙类11个足印.7组蜥脚类足印形成4组保存完好的行迹和3组的足迹组合.最大的蜥脚类足印化石前脚790 mm×1 120 mm, 后脚1 500 mm×1 420 mm, 是目前发现的世界上最大的恐龙足印之一.盐锅峡蜥脚类恐龙足迹可以分为3种类型: 第1类足迹前脚为新月形, 后脚为椭圆形, 前后足印不重合并均向外偏转; 第2类足迹前脚为半圆形, 后脚为椭圆形, 前后足印部分重合, 后脚印向外偏转; 第3类足迹前脚半圆形, 后脚U形, 前后足印明显分离并均向外偏转.蜥脚类恐龙足迹向外偏转反映恐龙成“外八字”型行走, 这种行进方式可能与其巨大的体重有关.根据计算, 盐锅峡蜥脚类恐龙臀高最小为3.04 m, 最大可达到5.3 m.恐龙行走的速度2.3~3.4 km/h.古环境、古地理分析认为白垩纪甘肃兰州—青海民和一带为一内陆淡水湖盆.盐锅峡一带的恐龙足迹化石就发现于最近湖中心的“雾宿山古岛”西侧湖岸上.虽然白垩纪当地气候并不湿润, 但湖岸地区草肥水美, 是恐龙及其他陆生生物的乐园.
- 蜥脚类 /
- 恐龙足迹 /
- 白垩纪 /
- 甘肃省
Abstract: There are a lot of dinosaur footprints in the Early Cretaceous from Yanguoxia, Yongjing County, Gansu Province. Ten track sites about 293 footprints within 2 km² area in Yanguoxia are discovered at present, three of which are being unearthed. Among all the sites, the footprints in site 1 are best preserved, where 212 footprints are found and arranged in 18 trackways or footprint groups within about 600 m², consisting of 138 sauropod footprints, forming 4 well-preserved trackways and 3 footprint groups, 60 theropod footprints from 9 trackways, 3 ornithopod footprints from 1 trackways and 8 pterosaur footprints from 1 trackways. The largest sauropod footprint is 69 cm×112 cm in manus and 150 cm×142 cm in pes. It is suggested that it is one of the largest sauropod footprints in scale in the world. In view of their morphology, they can be divided into three types. The first is crescentic outline of manus and elliptical outline of pes, in which the footprints in manus and in pes are not coincident and rotate outward. The second is semicircular outline of manus and elliptical outline of pes, in which the footprints in manus and in pes are partly coincident and rotate outward. The third is semicircular outline of manus and broadly U-shaped outline of pes, in which the footprints in manus and in pes separate obviously and rotate outward. A sauropod footprint with a positive rotation is related to huge weight of the sauropod dinosaur. On the basis of calculation, the hip height of dinosaur is from 3.04 m to 5.3 m, and speed is about 2.3-3.4 km/h. Analysis of Cretaceous environment and paleogeography indicates that Gansu Lanzhou-Qinghai Minghe would be a freshwater lake basin of midland. The footprints of Yanguoxia were found on the western bank of the "Wusushan isolated paleo-island" nearest of the center of the lake. It was not humid in Cretaceous, but near the bank there was abundant grass and water, which could have been a paradise for dinosaur and the other terrigenous animals.
- sauropod /
- dinosaur footprint /
- Cretaceous /
- Gansu Province

HTML全文

图 1 甘肃省永靖县盐锅峡交通位置

1.化石点位置; 2.公路; 3.铁路; 4.河流; 5.县界

Fig. 1. Traffic position of Yanguoxia, Yongjing County, Gansu Province

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(24)

[1]	Chardin P T, YOUNG C C. On some traces of ver tebrate life in the Jurassic beds of Shansi and Shensi[J]. Bull Geol Soc China, 1929, 8(2): 131-133.
[2]	Kuhn O. Die Faherten der vorzeitichen amphibien und reptilien[M]. Bamberg: Meisenbach, 1958.
[3]	YOUNG C C. Note on some fossil footprints in China[J]. Bull Geol Soc China, 1943, 23(3-4): 151-154.
[4]	YOUNG C C. Fossil footprints in China[J]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 1960, 4(2): 53-66.
[5]	杨钟健. 陕西铜川的足印化石[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1966, 10(1): 68-71. YOUNG C C. Footprints from the Jiaoping coal mine of Tungchuan, Shenxi Province[J]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 1966, 10(1): 68-71.
[6]	杨钟健. 河北滦平县足印化石[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1979, 17(2): 116-117. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GJZD197902003.htm YOUNG C C. Footprints from Luanping, Hebei[J]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 1979, 17(2): 116-117. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GJZD197902003.htm
[7]	杨钟健. 云南西双版纳傣族自治州的足印化石[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1979, 17(2): 114-115. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GJZD197902002.htm YOUNG C C. Footprints from Jinghong, Yunnan[J]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 1979, 17(2): 114-115. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GJZD197902002.htm
[8]	赵资奎. 河南内乡新的蛋化石类型和恐龙足印化石的发现及意义[J]. 古脊椎动物与古人类, 1979, 17(4): 304-309. ZHAO Z K. Discovery of the dinosaurian eggs and footprints from Neixiang County, Henan Province[J]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 1979, 17(4): 304-309.
[9]	You H L, Yoichi A. Early Cretaceous Luanping, Hebei Province, China[A]. In: Sun A L, Wang Y Q, eds. Sixth symposium on Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems and biota[C]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1995.151-156.
[10]	杨兴隆, 杨代环. 四川盆地恐龙足印化石[M]. 成都: 四川科学技术出版社, 1987. 1-30. YANG X L, YANG D H. Dinosaur footprints from Mesozoic of Sichuan basin[M]. Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Publishing House, 1996.
[11]	余心起, 小林快次, 吕君昌. 安徽省黄山地区恐龙(足迹) 足印化石的初步研究[J]. 古脊椎动物学报, 1999, 37(4): 285-290. YU X Q, Kobayashi Y, LU J C. The preliminary study of the dinosaur footprints from Huangshan, Anhui Province[J]. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 1999, 37(4): 285-290.
[12]	蔡雄飞, 李长安, 顾延生. 兰州—民和盆地首次发现恐龙足印化石[J]. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 1999, 24(2): 216. CAI X F, LIC A, GUY S. First discovery of dinosaur footprints from Lanzhou-Minhe basin[J]. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1999, 24(2): 216.
[13]	李日辉, 张光威. 莱阳盆地莱阳群恐龙足迹化石的新发现[J]. 地质论评, 2000, 46(6): 605-610. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.2000.06.007 LI R H, ZHANG G W. New dinosaur ichotaxon from the Early Cretaceous Laiyang Group in the Laiyang basin, Shandong Province[J]. Geological Review, 2000, 46(6): 605-610. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.2000.06.007
[14]	ZHEN S N, LI J J, RAO C G, et al. A review of dinosaur footprints in China[A]. In: Gillette D D, Lockley M G, eds. Dinosaur tracks and traces[C]. NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 1989.188-197.
[15]	甄朔南, 李建军, 韩兆宽, 等. 中国恐龙足迹研究[M]. 成都: 四川科学技术出版社, 1996. ZHEN S N, LI J J, HAN Z K, et al. The study of dinosaur footprints in China[M]. Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Publishing House, 1996.1-110.
[16]	李大庆, 杜远生, 龚淑云. 甘肃永靖盐锅峡早白垩世恐龙足迹的新发现[J]. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 2000, 25(5): 498, 525. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX200005011.htm LI D Q, DU Y S, GONG S Y. New discovery of dinosaur footprints of the Early Cretaceous from Yanguoxia, Yongjing Count, Gansu Province[J]. Earth Sciences—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2000, 25(5): 498, 525. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX200005011.htm
[17]	DU Y S, LI D Q, PENG B X, et al. Dinosaur footprints of the Early Cretaceous in site 1, Yanguoxia, Yongjing County, Gansu Province[J]. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2001, 12(2): 99, 154.
[18]	宋杰己. 甘肃省的白垩系[J]. 甘肃地质学报, 1993, (增刊): 1-49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSDZ1993S1000.htm SONG J Y. Cretaceous in Gansu[J]. Geology of Gansu, 1993, (Suppl): 1-49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSDZ1993S1000.htm
[19]	Pittman J G, Gillette D D. The briarsite: a new sauropod dinosaur track site in Lower Cretaceous beds of Arkansas, USA[A]. In: Gillette D C, Lockley M G, eds. Dinosaur tracks and traces[C]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
[20]	Parker L R, Rowley R L. Dinosaur footprints from a coal mine in East-Central Utah[A]. In: Gillette D C, Lockley M G, eds. Dinosaur tracks and traces[C]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
[21]	CurriePJ. Dinosaur footprints of Western Canada[A]. In: Gillette D C, Lockley M G, eds. Dinosaur tracks and traces[C]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
[22]	Lim S K, Yang S Y, Lockley M G. Large dinosaur footprints assemblages from the Cretaceous Jindong Formation of Southern Korea[A]. In: Gillette D C, Lockley M G, eds. Dinosaur tracks and traces[C]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
[23]	Alexander R M. Estimates of speeds of dinosaur[J]. Nature, 1976, 261: 129-130. doi: 10.1038/261129a0
[24]	Thulborn R A. Speeds and gaits of dinosaurs[J]. Paleogeography-Paleoclimatogy Paleoecology, 1982, 38(3-4): 227-256. doi: 10.1016/0031-0182(82)90005-0