| Citation: | Ma Lichun, Wang Kai, Zhang Yu, Tang Qingfeng, Sun Mingguang, 2022. Abnormal Enrichment Mechanism of Potassium-Rich Brine Deposit in Lop Nor Basin of Xinjiang. Earth Science, 47(1): 72-81. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.193
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Lop Nor is the largest single sulfate-type liquid potash deposit in the world, and the genesis of the deposit has been controversial. In this paper, the genesis of potassium-rich brine deposits in Lop Nor is discussed from the perspective of hydrochemistry, based on a large number of measured chemical data of salt springs, underground phreatic water and surface water. The results show that the sodium-chlorine coefficient of potassium-rich brine is 0.76-1.24, and the potassium-chloride coefficient is 38.58-60.49. The main body of the brine shows the characteristics of dissolving-filtering brine, indicating the mixing of brine from other sources. It is the first time that Ca-Cl type brine is found in the eastern fault zone of Lop Nor basin and Dawadi, which shows typical characteristics of enrichment in Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl- and depletion in HCO3-, CO32-, and SO42-, indicating deep hydrothermal supply in Lop Nor Basin. In the ore-forming process, the Ca-Cl type brine can change the composition and crystallization route of the original ore-forming brine directly through the effect of "mixing brine", so that its mineralization degree is increased, and it is rich in K and Na. The reformed "sodium-rich" brine reacted with gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), and formed glauberite (Na2Ca(SO4)2·2H2O), which existed among the porous glauberite crystals, forming super-high salinity potassium-rich brine.
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