铀“稳定”同位素分馏及其在地球科学中的应用

梁正伟; 田世洪

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2021.091

Volume 46 Issue 12

Dec. 2021

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Earth Science > 2021 > 46(12): 4405-4426

Liang Zhengwei, Tian Shihong, 2021. Uranium 'Stable' Isotope Fractionation and Its Applications in Earth Science. Earth Science, 46(12): 4405-4426. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.091

Citation:

Liang Zhengwei, Tian Shihong, 2021. Uranium "Stable" Isotope Fractionation and Its Applications in Earth Science. Earth Science, 46(12): 4405-4426. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.091

Liang Zhengwei, Tian Shihong, 2021. Uranium 'Stable' Isotope Fractionation and Its Applications in Earth Science. Earth Science, 46(12): 4405-4426. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.091

Citation:

Liang Zhengwei, Tian Shihong, 2021. Uranium "Stable" Isotope Fractionation and Its Applications in Earth Science. Earth Science, 46(12): 4405-4426. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.091

PDF( 1987 KB)

Uranium "Stable" Isotope Fractionation and Its Applications in Earth Science

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.091

Liang Zhengwei^,,
Tian Shihong^,

State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China

Received Date: 2021-05-02
Publish Date: 2021-12-15

Abstract

Abstract

Uranium isotope (²³⁸U/²³⁵U, usually expressed as δ²³⁸U) has been the research hotspot in the field of non-traditional stable isotopes. In the last century, it was thought that uranium isotope fractionation did not exist, so the development of uranium isotope research was very slow. However, with the development of the analytical technology, it has been found that there exists significant fractionation between²³⁸U and ²³⁵U in nature, which makes uranium isotopes an ideal tracer in Earth science. Indeed, overwhelming amounts of studies of uranium isotopes as a paleo-redox proxy have been published so far, most of which use uranium isotope to track the evolution of oxygen levels of Earth's subaerial environments through time and, furthermore, the potential relationship between the several big mass extinctions and the redox conditions of the oceans. Although researches on uranium isotope have achieved progresses in the co-evolution of the hydrosphere and biosphere, some problems still remain some unsolved. For example, the effects of microcosmic pathways of biological and abiotic reduction reactions on uranium isotope fractionation, and how the ²³⁸U/²³⁵U can trace the source of uranium ore deposits. Here, in this paper, it provides an overview of the uranium and its isotope geochemistry over the last decades, aiming at promoting applications of uranium isotopes in the genesis of uranium polymetallic deposits and high-temperature geochemistry in the future.
- uranium isotopes,
- fractionation mechanism,
- tracer,
- oxygen level,
- mass extinction,
- redox condition,
- U ore deposit,
- geochemistry

FullText(HTML)

References(132)

References

Abe, M., Suzuki, T., Fujii, Y., et al., 2008. An Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Study of the Nuclear Volume Effects in Uranium Isotope Fractionations. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 129: 164309. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2992616

Algeo, T., Henderson, C.M., Ellwood, B., et al., 2012. Evidence for a Diachronous Late Permian Marine Crisis from the Canadian Arctic Region. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 124(9-10): 1424-1448. https://doi.org/10.1130/b30505.1 doi: 10.1130/B30505.1

Anbar, A.D., Knab, K.A., Barling, J., 2001. Precise Determination of Mass-Dependent Variations in the Isotopic Composition of Molybdenum Using MC-ICPMS. Analytical Chemistry, 73(7): 1425-1431. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac000829w

Andersen, M.B., Elliott, T., Freymuth, H., et al., 2015. The Terrestrial Uranium Isotope Cycle. Nature, 517: 356-359. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14062

Andersen, M.B., Romaniello, S., Vance, D., et al., 2014. A Modern Framework for the Interpretation of ²³⁸U/²³⁵U in Studies of Ancient Ocean Redox. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 400: 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.051

Andersen, M.B., Stirling, C.H., Weyer, S., 2017. Uranium Isotope Fractionation. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 82(1): 799-850. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2017.82.19

Andersen, M.B., Vance, D., Morford, J.L., et al., 2016. Closing in on the Marine ²³⁸U/²³⁵U Budget. Chemical Geology, 420: 11-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.10.041

Anderson, R.F., Fleisher, M.Q., LeHuray, A.P., 1989. Concentration, Oxidation State, and Particulate Flux of Uranium in the Black Sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53(9): 2215-2224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90345-1

Asael, D., Tissot, F.L.H., Reinhard, C.T., et al., 2013. Coupled Molybdenum, Iron and Uranium Stable Isotopes as Oceanic Paleoredox Proxies during the Paleoproterozoic Shunga Event. Chemical Geology, 362: 193-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.003

Bach, W., Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B., Hart, S.R., et al., 2003. Geochemistry of Hydrothermally Altered Oceanic Crust: DSDP/ODP Hole 504B-Implications for Seawater-Crust Exchange Budgets and Sr- and Pb-Isotopic Evolution of the Mantle. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 4(3): 8904. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gc000419

Barnes, C.E., Cochran, J.K., 1990. Uranium Removal in Oceanic Sediments and the Oceanic U Balance. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 97(1-2): 94-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(90)90101-3 doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(90)90101-3

Basu, A., Sanford, R.A., Johnson, T.M., et al., 2014. Uranium Isotopic Fractionation Factors during U(Ⅵ) Reduction by Bacterial Isolates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 136: 100-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.02.041

Basu, A., Wanner, C., Johnson, T.M., et al., 2020. Microbial U Isotope Fractionation Depends on the U(Ⅵ) Reduction Rate. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(4): 2295-2303. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05935

Bekker, A., Holland, H.D., 2012. Oxygen Overshoot and Recovery during the Early Paleoproterozoic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 317-318: 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.012

Bell, E.A., Harrison, T.M., McCulloch, M.T., et al., 2011. Early Archean Crustal Evolution of the Jack Hills Zircon Source Terrane Inferred from Lu-Hf, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb, and δ¹⁸O Systematics of Jack Hills Zircons. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75(17): 4816-4829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.06.007

Bellefroid, E.J., Hood, A.V.S., Hoffman, P.F., et al., 2018. Constraints on Paleoproterozoic Atmospheric Oxygen Levels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(32): 8104-8109. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1806216115

Bigeleisen, J., 1996a. Nuclear Size and Shape Effects in Chemical Reactions. Isotope Chemistry of the Heavy Elements. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 118(15): 3676-3680. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja954076k

Bigeleisen, J., 1996b. Temperature Dependence of the Isotope Chemistry of the Heavy Elements. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(18): 9393-9396. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.18.9393

Blichert-Toft, J., Albarède, F., 2008. Hafnium Isotopes in Jack Hills Zircons and the Formation of the Hadean Crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4): 686-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.054

Bopp, C.J., Lundstrom, C.C., Johnson, T.M., et al., 2009. Variations in ²³⁸U/²³⁵U in Uranium Ore Deposits: Isotopic Signatures of the U Reduction Process? Geology, 37(7): 611-614. https://doi.org/10.1130/g25550a.1 doi: 10.1130/G25550A.1

Brennecka, G.A., Borg, L.E., Hutcheon, I.D., et al., 2010. Natural Variations in Uranium Isotope Ratios of Uranium Ore Concentrates: Understanding the ²³⁸U/²³⁵U Fractionation Mechanism. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 291(1-4): 228-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.023

Brennecka, G.A., Herrmann, A.D., Algeo, T.J., et al., 2011a. Rapid Expansion of Oceanic Anoxia Immediately before the End-Permian Mass Extinction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(43): 17631-17634. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1106039108

Brennecka, G.A., Wasylenki, L.E., Bargar, J.R., et al., 2011b. Uranium Isotope Fractionation during Adsorption to Mn-Oxyhydroxides. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(4): 1370-1375. https://doi.org/10.1021/es103061v

Brown, S.T., Basu, A., Ding, X., et al., 2018. Uranium Isotope Fractionation by Abiotic Reductive Precipitation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(35): 8688-8693. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805234115

Brüske, A., Martin, A.N., Rammensee, P., et al., 2020. The Onset of Oxidative Weathering Traced by Uranium Isotopes. Precambrian Research, 338: 105583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105583

Burnham, A.D., Berry, A.J., 2017. Formation of Hadean Granites by Melting of Igneous Crust. Nature Geoscience, 10(6): 457-461. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2942

Canfield, D.E., Poulton, S.W., Narbonne, G.M., 2007. Late-Neoproterozoic Deep-Ocean Oxygenation and the Rise of Animal Life. Science, 315(5808): 92-95. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1135013

Cao, C.Q., Love, G.D., Hays, L.E., et al., 2009. Biogeochemical Evidence for Euxinic Oceans and Ecological Disturbance Presaging the End-Permian Mass Extinction Event. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 281(3-4): 188-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.012

Chase, C.G., 1981. Oceanic Island Pb: Two-Stage Histories and Mantle Evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 52(2): 277-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(81)90182-5 doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(81)90182-5

Chen, J.H., Wasserburg, G.J., 1980. A Search for Isotopic Anomalies in Uranium. Geophysical Research Letters, 7(4): 275-278. https://doi.org/10.1029/gl007i004p00275 doi: 10.1029/GL007i004p00275

Chen, X.M., Romaniello, S.J., Anbar, A.D., 2017. Uranium Isotope Fractionation Induced by Aqueous Speciation: Implications for U Isotopes in Marine CaCO₃ as a Paleoredox Proxy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 215: 162-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.08.006

Chen, X.M., Romaniello, S.J., Herrmann, A.D., et al., 2016. Uranium Isotope Fractionation during Coprecipitation with Aragonite and Calcite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 188: 189-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.022

Chen, X.M., Romaniello, S.J., Herrmann, A.D., et al., 2018a. Biological Effects on Uranium Isotope Fractionation (²³⁸U/²³⁵U) in Primary Biogenic Carbonates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 240: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.08.028

Chen, X.M., Romaniello, S.J., Herrmann, A.D., et al., 2018b. Diagenetic Effects on Uranium Isotope Fractionation in Carbonate Sediments from the Bahamas. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 237: 294-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.06.026

Chen, X.M., Zheng, W., Anbar, A.D., 2020. Uranium Isotope Fractionation (²³⁸U/²³⁵U) during U(Ⅵ) Uptake by Freshwater Plankton. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(5): 2744-2752. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06421

Chernyshev, I.V., Dubinina, E.O., Golubev, V.N., 2014. Fractionation Factor of ²³⁸U and ²³⁵U Isotopes in the Process of Hydrothermal Pitchblende Formation: A Numerical Estimate. Geology of Ore Deposits, 56(5): 315-321. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1075701514050031 doi: 10.1134/S1075701514050031

Condon, D.J., McLean, N., Noble, S.R., et al., 2010. Isotopic Composition (²³⁸U/²³⁵U) of Some Commonly Used Uranium Reference Materials. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74(24): 7127-7143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.09.019

Cowan, G.A., Adler, H.H., 1976. The Variability of the Natural Abundance of ²³⁵U. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 40(12): 1487-1490. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(76)90087-9

Cuney, M., 2010. Evolution of Uranium Fractionation Processes through Time: Driving the Secular Variation of Uranium Deposit Types. Economic Geology, 105(3): 553-569. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.553

Dahl, T.W., Boyle, R.A., Canfield, D.E., et al., 2014. Uranium Isotopes Distinguish Two Geochemically Distinct Stages during the Later Cambrian SPICE Event. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 401: 313-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.043

Dang, D.H., Novotnik, B., Wang, W., et al., 2016. Uranium Isotope Fractionation during Adsorption, (Co) Precipitation, and Biotic Reduction. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(23): 12695-12704. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01459

Djogić, R., Sipos, L., Branica, M., 1986. Characterization of Uranium (Ⅵ) in Seawater. Limnology and Oceanography, 31(5): 1122-1131. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1986.31.5.1122

Dunk, R.M., Mills, R.A., Jenkins, W.J., 2002. A Reevaluation of the Oceanic Uranium Budget for the Holocene. Chemical Geology, 190(1-4): 45-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(02)00110-9 doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00110-9

Edwards, C.T., Saltzman, M.R., Royer, D.L., et al., 2017. Oxygenation as a Driver of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Nature Geoscience, 10(12): 925-929. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-017-0006-3

Ellis, A.S., Johnson, T.M., Bullen, T.D., 2002. Chromium Isotopes and the Fate of Hexavalent Chromium in the Environment. Science, 295(5562): 2060-2062. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1068368

Ellis, A.S., Johnson, T.M., Herbel, M.J., et al., 2003. Stable Isotope Fractionation of Selenium by Natural Microbial Consortia. Chemical Geology, 195(1-4): 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(02)00391-1 doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00391-1

Elrick, M., Polyak, V., Algeo, T.J., et al., 2017. Global-Ocean Redox Variation during the Middle-Late Permian through Early Triassic Based on Uranium Isotope and Th/U Trends of Marine Carbonates. Geology, 45(2): 163-166. https://doi.org/10.1130/g38585.1 doi: 10.1130/G38585.1

Feng, Q.Q., Qiu, N.S., Chang, J., et al., 2018. Tectonothermal Evolution of Fangshan Pluton: Constraints from (U-Th)/He Ages. Earth Science, 43(6): 1972-1982(in Chinese with English abstract).

Fike, D.A., Grotzinger, J.P., Pratt, L.M., et al., 2006. Oxidation of the Ediacaran Ocean. Nature, 444: 744-747. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05345

Freymuth, H., Andersen, M.B., Elliott, T., 2019. Uranium Isotope Fractionation during Slab Dehydration beneath the Izu Arc. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 522: 244-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.07.006

Gilleaudeau, G.J., Romaniello, S.J., Luo, G.M., et al., 2019. Uranium Isotope Evidence for Limited Euxinia in Mid-Proterozoic Oceans. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 521: 150-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.012

Goldmann, A., Brennecka, G., Noordmann, J., et al., 2015. The Uranium Isotopic Composition of the Earth and the Solar System. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 148: 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.09.008

Goto, K.T., Anbar, A.D., Gordon, G.W., et al., 2014. Uranium Isotope Systematics of Ferromanganese Crusts in the Pacific Ocean: Implications for the Marine ²³⁸U/²³⁵U Isotope System. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 146: 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.10.003

Grice, K., Cao, C.Q., Love, G.D., et al., 2005. Photic Zone Euxinia during the Permian-Triassic Superanoxic Event. Science, 307(5710): 706-709. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1104323.

Guo, J.L., Gao, S., Wu, Y.B., et al., 2014.3.45 Ga Granitic Gneisses from the Yangtze Craton, South China: Implications for Early Archean Crustal Growth. Precambrian Research, 242: 82-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2013.12.018

Hazen, R.M., Ewing, R.C., Sverjensky, D.A., 2009. Evolution of Uranium and Thorium Minerals. American Mineralogist, 94(10): 1293-1311. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2009.3208

He, D.T., Liu, Y.S., Moynier, F., et al., 2020. Platinum Group Element Mobilization in the Mantle Enhanced by Recycled Sedimentary Carbonate. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 541: 116262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116262

Hinojosa, J.L., Stirling, C.H., Reid, M.R., et al., 2016. Trace Metal Cycling and ²³⁸U/²³⁵U in New Zealand's Fjords: Implications for Reconstructing Global Paleoredox Conditions in Organic-Rich Sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 179: 89-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.02.006

Holmden, C., Amini, M., Francois, R., 2015. Uranium Isotope Fractionation in Saanich Inlet: A Modern Analog Study of a Paleoredox Tracer. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 153: 202-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.11.012

Hood, A.V.S., Planavsky, N.J., Wallace, M.W., et al., 2016. Integrated Geochemical-Petrographic Insights from Component-Selective δ²³⁸U of Cryogenian Marine Carbonates. Geology, 44(11): 935-938. https://doi.org/10.1130/g38533.1 doi: 10.1130/G38533.1

Horwitz, E.P., Dietz, M.L., Chiarizia, R., et al., 1992. Separation and Preconcentration of Uranium from Acidic Media by Extraction Chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta, 266(1): 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(92)85276-c doi: 10.1016/0003-2670(92)85276-C

Isozaki, Y., 1997. Permo-Triassic Boundary Superanoxia and Stratified Superocean: Records from Lost Deep Sea. Science, 276(5310): 235-238. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5310.235

Jaffey, A.H., Flynn, K.F., Glendenin, L.E., et al., 1971. Precision Measurement of Half-Lives and Specific Activities of ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U. Physical Review C, 4(5): 1889-1906. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.4.1889 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.4.1889

Jemison, N.E., Johnson, T.M., Shiel, A.E., et al., 2016. Uranium Isotopic Fractionation Induced by U(Ⅵ) Adsorption Onto Common Aquifer Minerals. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(22): 12232-12240. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03488

Johnson, T.M., Bullen, T.D., 2003. Selenium Isotope Fractionation during Reduction by Fe(Ⅱ)-Fe(Ⅲ) Hydroxide-Sulfate (Green Rust). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 67(3): 413-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(02)01137-7 doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01137-7

Kelley, K.A., Plank, T., Farr, L., et al., 2005. Subduction Cycling of U, Th, and Pb. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 234(3-4): 369-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.03.005

Kendall, B., Brennecka, G.A., Weyer, S., et al., 2013. Uranium Isotope Fractionation Suggests Oxidative Uranium Mobilization at 2.50 Ga. Chemical Geology, 362: 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.010

Kendall, B., Komiya, T., Lyons, T.W., et al., 2015. Uranium and Molybdenum Isotope Evidence for an Episode of Widespread Ocean Oxygenation during the Late Ediacaran Period. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 156: 173-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.025

Krause, A.J., Mills, B.J.W., Zhang, S., et al., 2018. Stepwise Oxygenation of the Paleozoic Atmosphere. Nature Communications, 9: 4081. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06383-y

Kump, L.R., 2008. The Rise of Atmospheric Oxygen. Nature, 451: 277-278. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06587

Kump, L.R., Kasting, J.F., Barley, M.E., 2001. Rise of Atmospheric Oxygen and the "Upside-Down" Archean Mantle. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2(1): 1025. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gc000114

Kyser, K., 2014. Uranium Ore Deposits. In: Holland, H.D., Turekian, K.K., eds., Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition). Elsevier, Oxford, 489-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.01122-0

Lau, K.V., Lyons, T.W., Maher, K., 2020. Uranium Reduction and Isotopic Fractionation in Reducing Sediments: Insights from Reactive Transport Modeling. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 287: 65-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.01.021

Lau, K.V., MacDonald, F.A., Maher, K., et al., 2017. Uranium Isotope Evidence for Temporary Ocean Oxygenation in the Aftermath of the Sturtian Snowball Earth. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 458: 282-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.10.043

Lau, K.V., Maher, K., Altiner, D., et al., 2016. Marine Anoxia and Delayed Earth System Recovery after the End-Permian Extinction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(9): 2360-2365. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515080113

Li, C., Francois, R., Yang, S.Y., et al., 2016. Constraining the Transport Time of Lithogenic Sediments to the Okinawa Trough (East China Sea). Chemical Geology, 445: 199-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.04.010

Li, G.J., Li, L.F., Li, L., et al., 2019. Controling Mechanism of Riverine Uranium Isotope and Its Implication for Weathering Limitation Theory. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 38(1): 11-17, 203(in Chinese with English abstract).

Li, L., Chen, J., Chen, Y., et al., 2018. Uranium Isotopic Constraints on the Provenance of Dust on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geology, 46(9): 747-750. https://doi.org/10.1130/g45130.1 doi: 10.1130/G45130.1

Li, L., Liu, X.J., Li, T., et al., 2017. Uranium Comminution Age Tested by the Eolian Deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 467: 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.03.014

Luo, X.Z., Rehkämper, M., Lee, D.C., et al., 1997. High Precision ²³⁰Th/²³²Th and ²³⁴U/²³⁸U Measurements Using Energy Filtered ICP Magnetic Sector Multiple Collector Mass Spectrometry. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, 171(1-3): 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1176(97)00136-5 doi: 10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00136-5

Lyons, T.W., Reinhard, C.T., Planavsky, N.J., 2014. The Rise of Oxygen in Earth's Early Ocean and Atmosphere. Nature, 506: 307-315. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13068

McDonough, W.F., 2014. Compositional Model for the Earth's Core. In: Holland, H.D., Turekian, K.K., eds., Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition). Elsevier, Oxford, 559-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00215-1

Meyer, K.M., Kump, L.R., Ridgwell, A., 2008. Biogeochemical Controls on Photic-Zone Euxinia during the End-Permian Mass Extinction. Geology, 36(9): 747-750. https://doi.org/10.1130/g24618a.1 doi: 10.1130/G24618A.1

Montoya-Pino, C., Weyer, S., Anbar, A.D., et al., 2010. Global Enhancement of Ocean Anoxia during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2: A Quantitative Approach Using U Isotopes. Geology, 38(4): 315-318. https://doi.org/10.1130/g30652.1 doi: 10.1130/G30652.1

Morford, J.L., Emerson, S., 1999. The Geochemistry of Redox Sensitive Trace Metals in Sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(11-12): 1735-1750. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00126-x doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00126-X

Murphy, M.J., Stirling, C.H., Kaltenbach, A., et al., 2014. Fractionation of ²³⁸U/²³⁵U by Reduction during Low Temperature Uranium Mineralisation Processes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 388: 306-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.034

Noordmann, J., Weyer, S., Georg, R.B., et al., 2016. ²³⁸U/²³⁵U Isotope Ratios of Crustal Material, Rivers and Products of Hydrothermal Alteration: New Insights on the Oceanic U Isotope Mass Balance. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 52(1-2): 141-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2015.1047449

Noordmann, J., Weyer, S., Montoya-Pino, C., et al., 2015. Uranium and Molybdenum Isotope Systematics in Modern Euxinic Basins: Case Studies from the Central Baltic Sea and the Kyllaren Fjord (Norway). Chemical Geology, 396: 182-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.012

Noordmann, J., Weyer, S., Sharma, M., et al., 2012. Fractionation of ²³⁸U/²³⁵U during Weathering and Hydrothermal Alteration. Mineral Magazine, 75: 1548

Nier, A.O., 1939. The Isotopic Constitution of Uranium and the Half-Lives of the Uranium Isotopes. I. Physical Review, 55(2): 150-153. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.55.150 doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.55.150

Partin, C.A., Bekker, A., Planavsky, N.J., et al., 2013a. Large-Scale Fluctuations in Precambrian Atmospheric and Oceanic Oxygen Levels from the Record of U in Shales. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 369-370: 284-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.03.031

Partin, C.A., Lalonde, S.V., Planavsky, N.J., et al., 2013b. Uranium in Iron Formations and the Rise of Atmospheric Oxygen. Chemical Geology, 362: 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.09.005

Penn, J.L., Deutsch, C., Payne, J.L., et al., 2019. Temperature-Dependent Hypoxia Explains Biogeography and Severity of End-Permian Marine Mass Extinction. Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1530/ey.16.14.8

Planavsky, N.J., Reinhard, C.T., Wang, X.L., et al., 2014. Low Mid-Proterozoic Atmospheric Oxygen Levels and the Delayed Rise of Animals. Science, 346(6209): 635-638. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1258410

Rademacher, L.K., Lundstrom, C.C., Johnson, T.M., et al., 2006. Experimentally Determined Uranium Isotope Fractionation during Reduction of Hexavalent U by Bacteria and Zero Valent Iron. Environmental Science & Technology, 40(22): 6943-6948. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0604360

Richter, S., Alonso-Munoz, A., Eykens, R., et al., 2008. The Isotopic Composition of Natural Uranium Samples: Measurements Using the New n(²³³U)/n(²³⁶U) Double Spike IRMM-3636. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 269(1-2): 145-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2007.09.012

Rolison, J.M., Stirling, C.H., Middag, R., et al., 2017. Uranium Stable Isotope Fractionation in the Black Sea: Modern Calibration of the ²³⁸U/²³⁵U Paleo-Redox Proxy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 203: 69-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.12.014

Romaniello, S., Brennecka, G., Anbar, A., et al., 2009. Natural Isotopic Fractionation of ²³⁸U/²³⁵U in the Water Column of the Black Sea. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, San Francisco.

Romaniello, S.J., Herrmann, A.D., Anbar, A.D., 2013. Uranium Concentrations and ²³⁸U/²³⁵U Isotope Ratios in Modern Carbonates from the Bahamas: Assessing a Novel Paleoredox Proxy. Chemical Geology, 362: 305-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.10.002

Rudnick, R.L., Gao, S., 2003. Composition of the Continental Crust. In: Heinrich, D.H., Karl, K.T., eds., Treatise on Geochemistry. Pergamon, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4

Schauble, E.A., 2007. Role of Nuclear Volume in Driving Equilibrium Stable Isotope Fractionation of Mercury, Thallium, and Other Very Heavy Elements. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71(9): 2170-2189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.004

Stanley, S.M., 2007. An Analysis of the History of Marine Animal Diversity. Paleobiology, 33(6): 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1666/06020.1

Staudigel, H., Davies, G.R., Hart, S.R., et al., 1995. Large Scale Isotopic Sr, Nd and O Isotopic Anatomy of Altered Oceanic Crust: DSDP/ODP Sites 417/418. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 130(1-4): 169-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(94)00263-x doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(94)00263-X

Steiger, R.H., Jäger, E., 1977. Subcommission on Geochronology: Convention on the Use of Decay Constants in Geo- and Cosmochronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36(3): 359-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(77)90060-7 doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(77)90060-7

Stirling, C.H., Andersen, M.B., Potter, E.K., et al., 2007. Low-Temperature Isotopic Fractionation of Uranium. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 264(1-2): 208-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.019

Stirling, C.H., Andersen, M.B., Warthmann, R., et al., 2015. Isotope Fractionation of ²³⁸U and ²³⁵U during Biologically-Mediated Uranium Reduction. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 163: 200-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.03.017

Stylo, M., Neubert, N., Wang, Y.H., et al., 2015. Uranium Isotopes Fingerprint Biotic Reduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(18): 5619-5624. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421841112

Taylor, S.R., McLennan, S.M., 1985. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 42(3): 196-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(86)90093-2

Telus, M., Dauphas, N., Moynier, F., et al., 2012. Iron, Zinc, Magnesium and Uranium Isotopic Fractionation during Continental Crust Differentiation: The Tale from Migmatites, Granitoids, and Pegmatites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 97: 247-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.024

Tissot, F.L.H., Dauphas, N., 2015. Uranium Isotopic Compositions of the Crust and Ocean: Age Corrections, U Budget and Global Extent of Modern Anoxia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 167: 113-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.06.034

Uvarova, Y.A., Kyser, T.K., Geagea, M.L., et al., 2014. Variations in the Uranium Isotopic Compositions of Uranium Ores from Different Types of Uranium Deposits. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 146: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.09.034

Valley, J.W., Cavosie, A.J., Ushikubo, T., et al., 2014. Hadean Age for a Post-Magma-Ocean Zircon Confirmed by Atom-Probe Tomography. Nature Geoscience, 7(3): 219-223. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2075

Wang, X.L., Johnson, T.M., Lundstrom, C.C., 2015a. Isotope Fractionation during Oxidation of Tetravalent Uranium by Dissolved Oxygen. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 150: 160-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.12.007

Wang, X.L., Johnson, T.M., Lundstrom, C.C., 2015b. Low Temperature Equilibrium Isotope Fractionation and Isotope Exchange Kinetics between U(Ⅳ) and U(Ⅵ). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 158: 262-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.03.006

Wang, X.L., Ossa, F.O., Hofmann, A., et al., 2020. Uranium Isotope Evidence for Mesoarchean Biological Oxygen Production in Shallow Marine and Continental Settings. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 551: 116583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116583

Wang, X.L., Planavsky, N.J., Hofmann, A., et al., 2018. A Mesoarchean Shift in Uranium Isotope Systematics. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 238: 438-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.07.024

Wang, X.L., Planavsky, N.J., Reinhard, C.T., et al., 2016. A Cenozoic Seawater Redox Record Derived from²³⁸U/²³⁵U in Ferromanganese Crusts. American Journal of Science, 316(1): 64-83. https://doi.org/10.2475/01.2016.02

Wei, G.Y., Planavsky, N.J., Tarhan, L.G., et al., 2018. Marine Redox Fluctuation as a Potential Trigger for the Cambrian Explosion. Geology, 46(7): 587-590. https://doi.org/10.1130/g40150.1 doi: 10.1130/G40150.1

Weyer, S., Anbar, A.D., Gerdes, A., et al., 2008. Natural Fractionation of ²³⁸U/²³⁵U. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72(2): 345-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.012

Wignall, P.B., Twitchett, R.J., 1996. Oceanic Anoxia and the End Permian Mass Extinction. Science, 272(5265): 1155-1158. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5265.1155

Wohlers, A., Wood, B.J., 2017. Uranium, Thorium and REE Partitioning into Sulfide Liquids: Implications for Reduced S-Rich Bodies. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 205: 226-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.01.050

Wood, B.J., Blundy, J.D., Robinson, J.A.C., 1999. The Role of Clinopyroxene in Generating U-Series Disequilibrium during Mantle Melting. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(10): 1613-1620. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(98)00302-0 doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00302-0

Xiang, L., Zhang, H., Schoepfer, S.D., et al., 2020. Oceanic Redox Evolution around the End-Permian Mass Extinction at Meishan, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 544: 109626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109626

Zhang, F.F., Algeo, T.J., Romaniello, S.J., et al., 2018a. Congruent Permian-Triassic δ²³⁸U Records at Panthalassic and Tethyan Sites: Confirmation of Global-Oceanic Anoxia and Validation of the U-Isotope Paleoredox Proxy. Geology, 46(4): 327-330. https://doi.org/10.1130/g39695.1 doi: 10.1130/G39695.1

Zhang, F.F., Dahl, T.W., Lenton, T.M., et al., 2020a. Extensive Marine Anoxia Associated with the Late Devonian Hangenberg Crisis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 533: 115976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115976

Zhang, F.F., Lenton, T.M., del Rey, Á., et al., 2020b. Uranium Isotopes in Marine Carbonates as a Global Ocean Paleoredox Proxy: A Critical Review. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 287: 27-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.05.011

Zhang, F.F., Romaniello, S.J., Algeo, T.J., et al., 2018b. Multiple Episodes of Extensive Marine Anoxia Linked to Global Warming and Continental Weathering Following the Latest Permian Mass Extinction. Science Advances, 4(4): e1602921. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602921

Zhang, F.F., Shen, S.Z., Cui, Y., et al., 2020c. Two Distinct Episodes of Marine Anoxia during the Permian-Triassic Crisis Evidenced by Uranium Isotopes in Marine Dolostones. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 287: 165-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.01.032

Zhang, X., Zhao, X.Y., Yang, Z.S., 2019. Thermal History of Nianzha Gold Deposit: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb, (U-Th)/He and Apatite Fission Track Geochronology. Earth Science, 44(6): 2039-2051(in Chinese with English abstract).

冯乾乾, 邱楠生, 常健, 等, 2018. 房山岩体构造-热演化: 来自(U-Th)/He年龄的约束. 地球科学, 43(6): 1972-1982. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.562

李高军, 李来峰, 李乐, 等, 2019. 河流铀同位素的控制机理及其对风化限制理论的启示意义. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 38(1): 11-17, 203. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KYDH201901002.htm

张雄, 赵晓燕, 杨竹森, 2019. 念扎金矿床热历史: 锆石U-Pb、(U-Th)/He及磷灰石裂变径迹年代学的制约. 地球科学, 44(6): 2039-2051. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.379

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views