冈底斯复合造山带铜钼金多金属成矿作用与成矿系列

郑有业; 吴松; 次琼; 陈鑫; 高顺宝; 刘晓峰; 姜笑文; 郑顺利; 李淼; 姜晓佳

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2020.392

Volume 46 Issue 6

Jun. 2021

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Zheng Youye, Wu Song, Ci Qiong, Chen Xin, Gao Shunbao, Liu Xiaofeng, Jiang Xiaowen, Zheng Shunli, Li Miao, Jiang Xiaojia, 2021. Cu-Mo-Au Metallogenesis and Minerogenetic Series during Superimposed Orogenesis Process in Gangdese. Earth Science, 46(6): 1909-1940. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.392

Citation:

Zheng Youye, Wu Song, Ci Qiong, Chen Xin, Gao Shunbao, Liu Xiaofeng, Jiang Xiaowen, Zheng Shunli, Li Miao, Jiang Xiaojia, 2021. Cu-Mo-Au Metallogenesis and Minerogenetic Series during Superimposed Orogenesis Process in Gangdese. Earth Science, 46(6): 1909-1940. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.392

Citation:

Zheng Youye, Wu Song, Ci Qiong, Chen Xin, Gao Shunbao, Liu Xiaofeng, Jiang Xiaowen, Zheng Shunli, Li Miao, Jiang Xiaojia, 2021. Cu-Mo-Au Metallogenesis and Minerogenetic Series during Superimposed Orogenesis Process in Gangdese. Earth Science, 46(6): 1909-1940. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.392

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Cu-Mo-Au Metallogenesis and Minerogenetic Series during Superimposed Orogenesis Process in Gangdese

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.392

1.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
3.
School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
4.
No.2 Geological Party, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Lhasa 850000, China

Received Date: 2020-11-11
Publish Date: 2021-06-15

Abstract

Abstract

The Gangdese copper-molybdenum polymetallic metallogenic belt in Tibet was not included in the national important metallogenic belts before 2001. However, the subsequent theoretical understanding and method innovation of mineralization and prospecting have led to a historic breakthrough in ore prospecting in this belt, newly finding of a series of large and super-large deposits such as Qulong, Jiama, Zhunuo, Xiongcun, Nuri, Chongjiang, Bangpu, Mengya'a, Dongzhongsongduo and Chagele. The proven copper resources alone exceed 56 million tons, forming the largest world-class copper polymetallic exploration and development base in China. The newly discovered deposits are mainly distributed in the southern Lhasa terrane and Gangdese back-arc fault uplift belt, and show the spatial distribution of east-west banding, parallel north-east and interjunction mineralization. The isotopic data show five-stage porphyry mineralization (213 Ma, 173-165 Ma, ~45 Ma, ~30 Ma, 17-13 Ma), five-stage skarn mineralization (~112 Ma, ~77 Ma, 67-55 Ma, ~41-37 Ma, ~23-16 Ma) and two-stage epithermal mineralization (~126 Ma, ~65-55 Ma). With the formation and subsequent subduction of the Neo-Tethys ocean, and India-Asia collision, the Gangdese belt has experienced four orogenic processes, including accretionary orogenesis, collisional orogenesis, intracontinental orogenesis and balanced orogenic process. The ore-bearing magma was derived from partial melting of basaltic oceanic crust dominated by mantle source material, or ancient crust, or juvenile lower crust during different periods, in which a series of Cu-Mo-W-Ag-Sn-Au polymetallic deposits have been formed including single types of porphyry, skarn, epithermal-hydrothermal vein, thermal spring deposits, or complex types of porphyry-skarn-epithermal deposits and so on. These deposits show the metallogenic characteristics of same source with multiple locations, same location with multiple genesis, deep source with shallow mineralization, as well as multiple genesis and complex formation, due to the superposition of different orogenies during superimposed orogenesis process. Therefore, nine minerogenetic series are classified: Late Triassic porphyry Cu-Au series related to arc-magmatism; Middle Jurassic porphyry Cu-Au series related to island arc magmatism; Early Cretaceous skarn-epithermal Fe-Ag-Pb-Zn(-Sn) series related to intermediate-acidic magma; Late Cretaceous Fe-Cu polymetallic series related to intermediate-acidic magma; Paleocene-Eocene Fe-Cu polymetallic series related to intermediate-acidic magma; Paleocene Ag-Sn-Au polymetallic series related to continental (sub) volcanic rocks; Oligocene porphyry-skarn Cu-W-Mo(-Au) series; Miocene porphyry-skarn-epithermal Cu-Mo-Au-Pb-Zn-Ag series; Cenozoic hydrothermal spring Au-S-Cs deposits and salt mineralization series. Finally it proposes some scientific questions that remains to be further study and exploration in Gangdese belt, and predictes that Zhunuo deposit cluster still has the potential of finding large- superlarge porphyry copper deposits, where a major breakthrough can be achieved in the future ore-prospecting in the Gangdese metallogenic belt, indicating directions for the further exploration deployment and evaluation.
- orogenic stages,
- metallogenesis,
- minerogenetic series,
- geodynamic setting,
- Gangdese,
- Tibet,
- mineral deposit

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References(257)

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Cu-Mo-Au Metallogenesis and Minerogenetic Series during Superimposed Orogenesis Process in Gangdese

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