Discussion and Research Direction of Future Onshore Oil and Gas Exploration in China
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摘要: 我国陆上含油气盆地油气资源丰富，经过半个多世纪的勘探，尽管已取得了较多发现，但在未来“稳油增气”的形势下仍将起到国家能源安全“压舱石”的作用.怎样进一步发掘成熟探区潜能，拓展勘探领域，是值得深入探讨的问题.基于近期油气勘探成果以及勘探发展趋势，研究表明有五大领域是未来陆上油气勘探最现实的方向，包括：陆相页岩油气，东部富油坳陷中以逆掩构造为代表的近源地质体、富煤盆地的深层煤层气、大型走滑构造体系和地热资源等.此外，对东部老油田而言，“油田变热田”不失为一重要的发展方向.在未来的勘探工作中，勘探工作者应当加强基础研究，尤其是在我国东部成熟探区，加强三新领域地质评价、寻找老区新的资源接替领域是目前的当务之急；攻关关键技术，实践表明先进且适用性强的物探技术、工程工艺是油气勘探发现与突破的基本保障，也是降低油气发现成本的根本途径；高效管理决策，主动发挥勘探先锋作用、引领一体化攻关是加快推进资源战略的重要路径.Abstract: As the most abundant field of conventional oil and gas, onshore petroliferous basins with medium and high exploration degrees in China still play the role of "ballast stone" for national energy security under the situation of "stabilizing oil and increasing gas" in the future. How to further explore the potential of mature exploration areas and expand the exploration field is a problem worthy of in-depth discussion. Based on the recent oil and gas exploration results and exploration development trends, the research shows that there are five major areas that are the most realistic directions for future onshore oil and gas exploration, including continental shale oil and gas, near source geological bodies represented by overthrust structures in the eastern oil-rich depression, deep coalbed methane in coal rich basins, large-scale strike-slip structural systems and geothermal resources. In addition, for the old oilfields in the east, it is an important direction to "develop oilfield into geothermal field". In the future exploration work, explorers should strengthen basic research, especially in the mature exploration areas in the east of China. It is urgent to strengthen the geological evaluation of the three new fields and find new resources replacement fields in the old areas. The practice shows that advanced and applicable geophysical exploration technology and engineering technology are the basic guarantee for oil and gas exploration discovery and breakthrough, and also the fundamental way to reduce the cost of oil and gas discovery. Efficient management and decision-making, taking the initiative to play a pioneering role in exploration and leading the integrated research are important ways to accelerate the promotion of resources strategy.
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图 2 济阳坳陷沙四上纯上亚段Ro等值线图
Fig. 2. Ro contour map of upper Chunshang sub-member of Es4 in Jiyang depression
图 3 乌鲁木齐煤矿推覆构造的认识过程（据王佟等，2017修改）
Fig. 3. Understanding process of nappe structure in Urumqi coal mine (after Wang et al., 2017)
图 4 桩西下古生界潜山近北西-北东向油藏剖面(a)和桩西潜山构造解释结果与油气成藏模式剖面图(b) (据胜利油田)
Fig. 4. NW-NE trending reservoir profile of Zhuangxi Lower Paleozoic buried hill (a), profile of hydrocarbon accumulation model in Zhuangxi buried hill (b) (according to Shengli oilfield)
图 5 孤北地区奎山段综合评价图(等值线: 深度(m))
Fig. 5. Comprehensive evaluation of Kuishan section in Gubei area
图 6 孤岛潜山过A井近东西向预测油藏剖面示意图
Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of near east-west predicted reservoir profile of Gudao buried hill passing Well A
图 7 塔里木盆地顺北油气田4号断裂带典型钻井平、剖面展示图
Fig. 7. Typical drilling plan and profile of Shunbei 4 fault in Shunbei oilfield, Tarim basin
图 8 中西部四大盆地构造纲要图
Fig. 8. Structural outline of the four major basins in central and western China
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