State of the Art on Prevention and Control Measures and Impact Model for Debris Flow
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摘要:
泥石流是一种世界范围内各个历史时期均普遍发生的地质灾害现象，尤其频发于地震多发的山地地区，每年均给人民的生命财产造成重大损失.为了应对这种暴发突然，来势凶猛，破坏力强的泥石流灾害，一系列防治措施应运而生.系统总结泥石流的防治措施.泥石流的防治措施可分为结构化措施和非结构化措施.其中结构化措施包括拦挡坝、拦挡网、导流渠、沉淀池和植被防护措施等，其设计依据可通过泥石流冲击力模型获取.泥石流冲击力模型可分为静力模型、动力模型.非结构化措施即建立泥石流预警和预报系统体系.
Abstract:Debris flow is a worldwide natural hazard that has been common in all historical periods, especially in mountain area with frequent occurrence of earthquakes, causing severe loss of life and property every year. To cope with this sudden, violent, destructive disaster, a series of prevention and control measures have been applied. The measurement of debris flow is summarized systematically in this article. Two kinds of initiatives, namely structured-measures which include check dam, net barrier, drainage channel, sedimentation tank, planting etc. and warning system for unstructured-measures, are used to prevent or reduce the consequence. Static models and hydraulic models are exerted to estimate the impact force of debris flow, furnishing empirical coefficient for structured-measures design.
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Key words:
- debris flow /
- check dam /
- net barrier /
- drainage channel /
- warning system /
- impact model /
- engineering geolog
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图 1 我国泥石流分布范围
地形底图来自Esri ArcGIS；地理底图来自自然资源部标准地图服务系统，审图号：国审受字（2022）第05285号
Fig. 1. Debris flow distribution of China
图 2 泥石流阶梯拦挡坝群(据Cui and Lin, 2013)
Fig. 2. Step⁃check dams for controlling debris flow (modified from Cui and Lin, 2013)
图 3 开口拦挡坝和梳子坝(据Theule et al., 2012)
Fig. 3. Open type check dam and slit dam (modified from Theule et al., 2012)
图 5 导流渠和消能结构
a.据Chen et al.(2015); b.据Chen et al.(2014)
Fig. 5. Drainage channel and energy dissipation cabinet
图 6 泥石流静力、动力模型参数与弗劳德数关系
Fig. 6. The relationship between empirical coefficient and Froude number
图 7 泥石流预警系统(修改自Kung et al., 2008)
Fig. 7. Debris flow warning system (modified from Kung et al., 2008)
表 1 k及a与Fr的拟合关系
Table 1. The fitting relationship between empirical coefficient and Froude number
模型 表达式 拟合度(R2) 来源 Fr-k k=9.1Fr 0.77 Scheidl et al.(2013) k=4.86Fr 0.84 Scheidl et al.(2013) k=Fr2 Huang and Zhang(2022) Fr-a a=7.23Fr-0.74 0.60 Scheidl et al.(2013) a=5.44Fr-1.08 0.86 Scheidl et al.(2013) a=5.3Fr-1.3 0.91 Cui et al.(2015) a=3.476Fr-2.389 0.845 Wang et al.(2018) a=4.2Fr-1.2 0.89 Li et al.(2020) 
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