Development and Exploration Direction of Bedded Massive Dolomite Reservoir of Lower Ordovician Penglaiba Formation in Tarim Basin
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摘要: 塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组油气勘探潜力巨大，但勘探对象上存在“断溶体”和层状白云岩的争议.在露头与钻井储层特征认识的基础上，岩石学与碳氧锶同位素和激光U⁃Pb定年等地球化学分析相结合，探讨了蓬莱坝组白云岩的成因机制及层状规模储层发育潜力与发育规律，进而根据白云岩储层分布预测讨论了塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组的勘探方向. 取得3点认识：（1）蓬莱坝组发育孔隙-孔洞型白云岩储层，平均孔隙度2.81%，最高可达13.91%，具备发育优质储层的潜力；（2）白云岩储层以准同生白云岩叠加浅埋藏云化作用形成的埋藏白云岩为主，具有相控性和规模性，可层状发育，主要分布于内缓坡-中缓坡准同生云化滩；（3）塔北南缘和塔中北斜坡为层状规模优质白云岩储层发育有利区，是该领域值得探索的勘探方向.Abstract: PenglaibaFormation of Tarim Basin has huge potential of hydrocarbon exploration, however, with unclear exploration target of either "fault dissolved geobody" or bedded massive dolomite reservoir. Based on the analysis ofreservoir features on the outcrops and drilling data, integrated with petrography and geochemistry examinations including C, O, Sr isotopes and laser ablation U⁃Pb datingetc., the origin and development of dolomite and the potential of bedded massive dolomite reservoir of Penglaiba Formation of Tarim Basin has been discussed, and furthermore, the exploration directionwas analyzed based ont the prediction of massive dolomite reservoir.Three aspects of results achieved include: (1) Penglaiba Formation hosts porous⁃vuggydolomite reservoir with the average porosity of 2.81% and the maximum porosity of 13.91%, with thepotential of constituting high quality reservoir; (2) It's proposed that the dolomite reservoir is made of mainly the burial dolomite formed by penecontemperanous dolomite modified and recrystallized by shallow burial dolomitization, whichis controlled by sedimentary faciesand could be developedmassively and bedded, mostly within the inner⁃ to middle ramp penecomtemporaneously dolomitized shoal; (3) It's predicted that south margin of Tabei uplift and north slope of Tazhong uplift are the favorable zone for the bedded massive dolomite reservoir, constituting worthwhile exploration targets.
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Key words:
- dolomite /
- burial dolomitization /
- massive reservoir /
- Penglaiba Formation /
- Tarim Basin /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 塔里木盆地地质背景图
a.塔里木盆地构造区划图；b.蓬莱坝组沉积相图与断裂分布图；c.塔里木盆地下古生界岩性柱状图；d. 塔里木盆地不同地区蓬莱坝组埋藏史图；塔北南缘以跃满5井为代表，古城地区以古隆5井为代表，塔中北斜坡以塔中62井为代表，塔西南以巴探4井为代表
Fig. 1. Geological setting of Lower Ordovician Penglaiba Formation of Tarim Basin
图 2 塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组岩石类型与储层特征.
a. 岩心照片，针孔状白云岩，孔隙发育，塔中162井；b. 岩心照片，溶蚀孔洞，晶粒白云岩，于奇6井，O1p；c. 常规单偏光显微照片，晶间孔，细晶白云岩，岩心孔隙度13%，轮深2，O1p，6 575.45 m；d. 常规单偏光显微照片，细中晶白云岩，基本看不出原岩组构特征，孔隙为晶间（溶）孔，与原岩结构的关系不明显，O1p，永安坝剖面；e. 恢复原岩结构照片，视域同d，白云石晶体排列受颗粒组构约束，孔隙为基质孔继承转换而来，O1p，永安坝剖面；f. 常规单偏光显微照片，细中晶白云岩，可见粉细晶白云岩局部富集，但是原岩组构识别不清，孔隙以晶间（溶）孔为主，O1p，永安坝剖面；g. 恢复原岩结构照片，视域同f，清晰可见为颗粒白云岩，孔隙以原生粒间孔为主，O1p，永安坝剖面；h. 常规单偏光显微照片，粗晶白云岩，白云石内部微孔发育，O1p，永安坝剖面；i. 常规单偏光显微照片，含云砂屑灰岩，白云石沿缝合线发育，砂屑灰岩胶结致密，O1p，永安坝剖面；j. 露头照片，硅质岩层，O1p，永安坝剖面；k. 常规正交光显微照片，硅质斑块，白云岩中部分硅化，硅质团块中可见颗粒结构，O1p，永安坝剖面；l. 常规单偏光显微照片，硅质岩，显颗粒结构，局部保留自形晶白云石，O1p，永安坝剖面
Fig. 2. Photographs showing the rock fabric and reservoir features of Penglaiba Formation in Tarim Basin
图 3 塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组白云岩物性分布与储层发育直方图
a.塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组露头与岩心白云岩孔隙度分布直方图；b. 塔里木盆地露头与钻井岩心蓬莱坝组白云岩孔渗交汇图；c.塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组岩心白云岩孔隙度分布直方图；d. 塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组露头剖面白云岩孔隙度分布直方图；e. 塔里木盆地重点井和露头蓬莱坝组储层厚度与储地比分布直方图
Fig. 3. Histograms showing the petrophysical distribution and reservoir thickness of Penglaiba Formation of Tarim Basin
图 4 塔里木盆地西北部永安坝剖面蓬莱坝组白云岩碳氧锶同位素交互图
a. 永安坝剖面蓬莱坝组白云岩碳氧同位素交互图；b. 永安坝剖面蓬莱坝组白云岩碳和锶同位素交互图
Fig. 4. Crossplots of carbon and oxygen and carbon and strontium of dolomite of Penglaiba Formation of Yoanganba Outcrop in northwestern Tarim Basin
图 5 蓬莱坝组白云岩形成年代与演化路径图
Fig. 5. The forming ages and evolution pathes of the dolomite of Penglaiba Formation in Tarim Basin
图 6 塔里木盆地永安坝剖面蓬莱坝组解剖段储层发育对比图
Fig. 6. The correlation of dolomite reservoirs of Penglaiba Formation of Yonganba Outcrop
图 7 塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组硅质岩发育特征
a. 露头照片，辉绿岩段-硅质岩段-硅化云岩段-白云岩段依次发育，O1p，永安坝剖面；b. 露头照片，硅质岩层，O1p，永安坝剖面；c. 常规正交光显微照片，硅质斑块，白云岩中部分硅化，硅质团块中可见颗粒结构，O1p，永安坝剖面；d. 常规单偏光显微照片，硅质岩，显颗粒结构，局部保留自形晶白云石，O1p，永安坝剖面
Fig. 7. Photographs showing the features of Siliceous Rock of Penglaiba Formation in Tarim Basin
图 8 塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组规模优质储层发育模式图
Fig. 8. the evolution model of development of large⁃sized high⁃quality dolomite reservoir of Penglaiba formation in Tarim Basin
图 9 塔里木盆地塔中北斜坡蓬莱坝组储层对比图
Fig. 9. The correlation of dolomite reservoirs of Penglaiba Formation in North Slope of Tazhong uplift in Tarim Basin
图 10 塔里木盆地塔北南缘蓬莱坝组地震响应剖面
Fig. 10. The seismic profile showing the response of Penglaiba Formation in south margin of Tabei uplift in Tarim Basin
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