The High Efficiency Development Technology of Horizontal Well in Offshore Shallow Water Delta Oilfield
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摘要: 陆地定向井密井网开发模式在海上浅水三角洲油田适应性差，对海上浅水三角洲油田水平井开发技术开展研究. 以浅水三角洲沉积模式为指导，根据地震沉积学原理，提出了BZ油田浅水三角洲储层的形成条件、成因机理及分布特征；结合大尺寸物模实验及油藏数值模拟方法对一次井网进行部署与优化. BZ油田浅水三角洲储层发育类型为多个单一分流河道侧向迁移叠置所形成的连片朵叶状复合砂体，识别了3种河道接触样式. 海上浅水三角洲油田一次井网采用水平井交错井网，储层上部采油、下部注水开发效果最好，提出3种河道接触样式下井网优化方法. 首次提出了海上浅水三角洲油田基于单河道的水平井单砂体布井开发技术，在BZ油田应用，开发效果评价为一类.Abstract: The development mode with dense well pattern in land is not applicable to offshore shallow water delta oilfield, This paper studies the development technology of horizontal wells in offshore shallow water delta oilfield. Based on the sedimentary model of shallow water delta and the principle of seismic sedimentology, the formation conditions, genetic mechanism and distribution characteristics of shallow water delta reservoir in BZ oilfield are put forward. The primary well pattern is deployed and optimized through large⁃scale physical model experiment and reservoir numerical simulation. The development type of shallow water delta reservoir in BZ oilfield is continuous lobed composite sand body formed by lateral migration and superposition of multiple single distributary channels, Three river contact patterns were identified. The primary well pattern of offshore shallow water delta oilfield adopts horizontal well staggered well pattern, and the effect of oil production in the upper part and water injection development in the lower part of the reservoir is the best. The well pattern optimization method under three channel contact patterns is proposed. For the first time, the development mode of horizontal well and single sand body layered system based on single channel in offshore shallow water delta oilfield is proposed, which is applied in BZ oilfield, and the development effect is evaluated as class I.
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图 1 典型浅水三角洲卫星照片
Fig. 1. Satellite photos of typical shallow water delta
a.Atchafalaya Delta(2003.4);b.Atchafalaya Delta(2014.10)
图 2 BZ油田浅水三角洲沉积特征
a. 多期正韵律叠加；b. 粒度概率曲线(A1井，1 217.50 m)；c. 槽状交错层理(A1井，1 218.20 m)；d. 块状层理(A1井，1 232.75 m)
Fig. 2. Sedimentary characteristics of shallow water delta in BZ Oilfield
图 3 分流河道接触样式及地震响应特征
Fig. 3. Contact pattern and seismic response characteristics of distributary channel
图 6 BZ油田水驱油实验注采关系模式图
Fig. 6. Injection & production relationship model of water flooding experiment in BZ Oilfield
图 7 不同水平井网水驱油指标对比图
a. 不同井网含水率对比曲线；b.不同井网驱油效率对比曲线
Fig. 7. Comparison of water flooding indexes of different horizontal well patterns
图 8 不同井网微观水驱油实验及驱替压力梯度场
a. 微观水驱油实验剩余油分布图；b. 驱替压力梯度场
Fig. 8. Micro water flooding experiment and displacement pressure gradient field of different well patterns
图 9 不同井网无因次动用范围曲线
Fig. 9. Dimensionless production range curve of different well patterns
图 10 水平注水井不同垂向位置方案模拟(含油饱和度图)
a. 注水井位于储层顶部；b.注水井位于储层上1/3处；c.注水井位于储层中部；d.注水井位于储层下1/3处；e注水井位于储层底部
Fig. 10. Scheme Simulation of different vertical positions of horizontal water injection wells (oil saturation diagram)
图 11 基于构型接触样式水平井布井模式
Fig. 11. Horizontal well layout mode based on configuration contact style
图 12 BZ油田1195⁃2砂体井网优化示意图
a. 水平段顺河道走向布井；b.水平段与河道走向呈45度角布井；c.水平段垂直河道走向布井
Fig. 12. Well pattern optimization diagram of 1195⁃2 sand body in BZ Oilfield
图 13 3种布井方式含水率与采出程度预测曲线
Fig. 13. Prediction curve of water cut and recovery degree of three well distribution methods
图 14 油田开发指标对比图
a. 自然递减率对比；b.含水上升率对比；c.采出程度对比
Fig. 14. Comparison of oilfield development indicators
表 1 BZ油田水驱开发水平分级
Table 1. Classification of water drive development level in BZ Oilfield
序号 项目 分级标准 油田指标及评级结果 一类 二类 三类 一次井网 目前 1 水驱储量控制程度(%) ≥85 < 85~≥70 < 70 86.0 一类 94.5 一类 2 水驱储量动用程度(%) ≥75 < 75~≥60 < 60 77.4 一类 85.2 一类 3 能量保持水平 p≥pb pb > p≥0.85pb p < 0.85pb 0.91pb 二类 0.90pb 二类 4 阶段末采出程度(%) ≥18 < 18~≥12 < 12 18.1 一类 25.5 一类 5 综合含水上升率(%) ≤4.0 > 4.0~≤5.0 > 5.0 2.2 一类 1.5 一类 6 单位采油速度综合递减率(%) ≤6.0 > 6.0~≤8.0 > 8.0 4.2 一类 6.5 二类 7 油井措施有效率(%) ≥95 < 95~≥80 < 80 85.3 二类 90.2 二类 8 注水井分注率(%) ≥95 < 95~≥80 < 80 96.0 一类 100 一类 9 分注井层段配注合格率(%) ≥95 < 95~≥80 < 80 97.2 一类 80.6 二类 10 油水井综合时率(%) ≥95 < 95~≥90 < 90 97.8 一类 98.5 一类 11 注水水质达标状况(%) 100 < 100~≥90 < 90 100 一类 100 一类 12 平均检泵周期(d) ≥1 200 < 1 200~≥800 < 800 923 二类 967 二类 13 动态监测计划完成率(%) ≥95 < 95~≥90 < 90 96.2 一类 95.5 一类 注：以上13项应有9项，其中1，2，3，5，6，8，9，13项应有7项达标，且第4项应达标，方可划为此类. 
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表 2 港东油田与BZ油田开发阶段指标对比
Table 2. Comparison of development stage indicators between Gangdong oilfield and BZ Oilfield
油田 开发阶段 地质储量(104 t) 井数口 井控储量(104 t) 阶段末期含水率(%) 阶段末期采出程度(%) 平均采油速度(%) 港东 全面开发阶段 5 521.6 238 23.2 70.5 17.8 1.1 BZ 一次井网开发阶段 5 067.6 82 61.8 70.8 18.1 3.0
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