Classification and Determination of Thermal Control Structural System of Hot Dry Rock
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摘要: 为了研究干热岩成因机理，综合分析了干热岩形成背景、控热构造系统及尺度.地球中的干热岩具有特殊的形成构造背景，控热构造对干热岩热能的传输与聚敛具有很重要的作用，导致岩石圈不同热结构和热异常.控热构造可划分为生热、导热、储热和释热构造.生热构造包括地幔软流圈底辟，具有大量高放射性元素的岩浆房，活动性的深大断裂等；中、下地壳脆韧性转换带，活动的韧性剪切带是导热构造；中、下地壳的低阻高导体，韧性剪切流变层既是导热层，也是储热构造；火山、地震、浅表层次的活动断裂等为释热构造；控热构造的类型受到构造尺度和构造背景的限定.由于地壳中控热构造分布状态及发育特征差异较大，从而导致干热岩等地热能资源在地壳中的埋深、规模、热量以及分布状态等也有较大差异.Abstract: In order to study the genetic mechanism of hot dry rock (HDR), the formation background, thermal control structure system and scale of HDR are comprehensively analyzed in this paper.The distribution of HDR in the earth is not ubiquitous, but has its special tectonic background.The thermal controlling structure system plays a very important role in the transmission and accumulation of heat energy of HDR and causes different anomalies in the lithosphere.The thermal controlling structures can be further divided into four basic types: heat generating structure, heat conducting structure, heat storage structure and heat releasing structure.Heat generating structures include mantle asthenosphere diapir, magma chamber with large amount of high radioactive elements, active deep faults and so on.The brittle-ductile transitional zone in the middle and lower crust and the active ductile shear zone are thermal conductive structures.The ductile shear rheological layer is the heat conduction layer and the heat storage structure.Volcanoes, earthquakes, shallow active faults are heat releasing structures.The types of thermal control structure are limited by structural scale and tectonic setting.Due to the great differences in the distribution and development characteristics of heat controlling structures in the crust, the buried depth, scale, capacity and distribution state of geothermal energy such as hot dry rocks in the crust are also quite different.
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图 2 热隆伸展区干热岩成因概念模型
据刘德民等（2020）修改
Fig. 2. Conceptual model of genesis of hot dry rocks in thermal uplift extension area
图 3 西宁地热田热储构造概念模型示意图(a)和关中盆地地热形成模式(b)
图a据张森琦等（2013）修改; 图b据穆根胥等（2015）修改
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of conceptual model of heat reservoir structure in Xining geothermal field (a) and geothermal formation model of Guanzhong basin (b)
图 4 南海-内陆岩石圈流变分层结构图(a)和地震地壳测深HQ-13线横向速度结构(b)
图a据施小斌等（2000）修改; 图b据陈沪生（1988）修改. 实线为岩石圈结构分层界线, 虚线为流变层分界线; b.脆性层; d.韧性层；A.海底；B.新生界基底；C.上地壳底界；D.莫霍面；E.热岩圈底界
Fig. 4. Rheological stratification structure of South China Sea inland lithosphere (a) and lateral velocity structure of seismic crustal sounding HQ-13 line(b)
图 5 地球内部热物质运移示意图
据杨巍然等（2016）修改. 1. 重力运动潜势方向；2. 热能潜势方向；3. 地壳热流熔体（低速高导层）；4. 地幔熔融热流体；5. 核幔边界形成的熔融热流体
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of thermal material migration in the earth's interior
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