Coupling Relationship between Pearl River Water System Evolution and East Asian Terrain Inversion
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摘要: 新生代以来，全球地质演化中最大的地质事件不外乎青藏高原的形成及其环境效应，其中东亚地区的黄土堆积及大型水系的形成最为瞩目.珠江作为串联华南大陆与南海北部“源-汇”系统的纽带，是南海沉积学研究的焦点，揭示其形成过程对探讨云贵高原以及青藏东南侧的地形演变具有重要意义.采用元素地球化学与碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱系源汇综合示踪技术，结合珠江流域及珠江三角洲的研究成果，详细探讨珠江的诞生与演化历史.珠江河流体系初始形成于早渐新世，流域范围仅限于华南沿海地区；晚渐新世珠江发生向西拓展事件，流域面积显著扩大，达到云贵高原东侧边缘；到中新世珠江流域发生明显改变，河流进一步向西、向北溯源侵蚀，流域面积急剧扩大，深入云贵高原腹地.23 Ma珠江流域面积的快速扩展与同时期长江三峡贯通、北方黄土发育均是该时期青藏高原大范围隆升的直接产物，是东亚地区基本形成西高东低地貌特征的具体反映.Abstract: The Tibetan Uplift and its corresponding environmental effect are widely considered as one of the most significant global geological events during the Cenozoic. Specifically, the generation of loess and continental-scale drainage networks within the East Asia has attracted increasing attention. As the link connecting the South China Continent and the northern South China Sea (SCS) of the "source-to-sink" system, the Pearl River is the focus of sedimentology and petroleum geology research. Its evolutionary process and controlling factors are of great significance in revealing the landform development of both Yunnan-Guizhou Uplift and SE Tibetan margin. Based on the combination of elemental geochemistry and detrital zircon U-Pb dating results, in this paper it provides a research synthesis of the Pearl River tributaries and the Pearl River Mouth Basin to unravel the birth and development history of the Pearl River system in detail. The Pearl River system was initially formed in the Early Oligocene, and the drainage basin was limited to the South China coastal areas. In the Late Oligocene, the Pearl River eroded westward greatly reaching the eastern margin of the Yunnan-Guizhou uplift. Since the Miocene, the Pearl River largely expanded westward and northward, and deeply cut across gorges within the hinterland of the Yunnan-Guizhou uplift. Since then, the Pearl River has established its general framework over the South China Continent. The rapid expansion of the Pearl River at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary (23 Ma) is in consistence with the contemporaneous Three Gorges connection of the Yangtze River and the loess formation. These events are not only closely related to the dramatic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau during this time, but also substantial geological records of the west-high-east-low landform generation in the East Asia region.
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图 1 珠江流域地质图及样品分布
Fig. 1. Geological map of the Pearl River Basin and the distribution of research samples
图 3 珠江流域各支流现代沉积物碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱系图（n为统计锆石颗粒数）
Fig. 3. U-Pb age histogram of modern sedimentary detrital zircons in the Pearl River (n is the number of zircon particles)
图 4 珠江流域（源区）及珠江口盆地（汇区）锆石年龄特征分析（n为统计锆石颗粒数）
Fig. 4. Analysis of the source area of the Pearl River Basin (n is the number of zircon particles)
图 5 珠江三角洲不同时期沉积物的重矿物组合（a）和元素含量变化曲线（b；据邵磊等，2008）
Fig. 5. The heavy mineral assemblage of sediments(a)and variations of element content of boreholes in the Pearl River Delta(b; from Shao et al., 2008)
图 6 青藏高原阶段性隆升过程与珠江流域拓展之间的对应关系
青藏高原隆升史据王国芝等（1999）和王国灿等（2011）综合完成
Fig. 6. Coupling relationship between the multi-stage Tibetan Uplift and the Pearl River drainage evolution
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