Dating Metallogenic Age of Jinding Pb-Zn Deposit in Yunnan: Evidence from Re-Os Isotope of Bitumen
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摘要: MVT型铅锌矿由于成矿温度低，目前没有发现十分合适的定年矿物，此外，由于多期成矿作用叠加以及成矿物质存在多元混合，严重制约了对此类矿床成矿年代学研究.前人对云南金顶超大型MVT铅锌矿床成因、物质来源、成矿条件等方面研究取得了重要成果，但对其形成时代各有所云，至今仍未定论.笔者在总结了大量前人研究成果的基础上，通过对跑马坪和架崖山矿段沥青样品开展Re-Os同位素定年研究，表明古油藏形成于59.1 Ma，金顶铅锌矿床的形成时代可能为27.7 Ma.早期的油气藏为后期铅锌矿的形成提供了十分重要的条件，穹隆构造为金属成矿提供了储矿空间，由于遭受构造及热液作用的破坏，油气裂解释放大量的还原性物质，为Pb、Zn等成矿物质迁移、富集、沉淀提供了重要载体，进而形成了金顶超大型铅锌矿床.研究结果表明，沥青Re-Os同位素不仅能够为MVT型铅锌矿床成矿年龄的厘定提供一种有效的技术途径，同时还能够为油气藏的生成、破坏等事件发生时代提供有利依据.Abstract: Due to the low mineralization temperature, no suitable dating minerals have been found in the MVT type lead-zinc deposit at present. In addition, due to the superposition of multi-stage mineralization and the existence of multiple mixing of ore-forming materials, it seriously restricted the study on mineralization chronology of this type of deposit. Some achievements have been made on the genesis, material source and metallogenic conditions of the super-large MVT lead-zinc deposit in Jinding, Yunnan. However, the age of deposit formation is still uncertain. On the basis of summarizing a large number of previous study results and combining the Re-Os isotopic dating results of fresh bitumen samples taken from Paomaping and Jiayashan ore sections, it shows that the ancient oil reservoirs was formed at 59.1 Ma, and the formation age of Jinding lead-zinc deposit might be 27.7 Ma. Ancient reservoirs are of greatly important condition on formation of lead-zinc mine, the tectonic domes provided storage space for metal mineralization. On account of the structure and hydrothermal process in damage, cracking of oil and gas meantime release large amounts of reducing substances, which provides important carrier for Pb, zinc and other ore-forming materials migration, enrichment and precipitation, thus formed the Jinding super-large Pb-Zn deposit. The results confirm that asphalt Re-Os isotope can not only provide an effective technical way to determine the metallogenic age of MVT type lead-zinc deposit, but also provide a favorable basis for the generation and destruction age of the oil and gas reservoirs.
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Key words:
- MVT type lead-zinc ore /
- Re-Os /
- metallogenic age /
- dynamic background /
- bitumen /
- deposits
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图 1 西南三江(南段)地区大地构造图
Ⅰ.扬子陆块: Ⅰ1.龙门山逆冲带, Ⅰ2.巴颜喀拉前陆盆地, Ⅰ3.雅江残余盆地, Ⅰ4.盐源-丽江陆缘坳陷带, Ⅰ5.楚雄前陆盆地; Ⅱ.三江多岛弧盆系: Ⅱ1.甘孜-理塘结合带, Ⅱ2.徳格-乡城岛弧(义敦岛弧): Ⅱ2-1.雀儿山.稻城外弧带, Ⅱ2-2.结古-义敦弧后盆地带, Ⅱ3.中咱-香格里拉地块; Ⅱ4.金沙江-哀牢山结合带: Ⅱ4-1.金沙江蛇绿混杂带, Ⅱ4-2.哀牢山蛇绿混杂带, Ⅱ5.昌都-普洱地块: Ⅱ5-1.江达-几家顶-维西陆缘火山弧, Ⅱ5-2.昌都-芒康双向弧后前陆盆地, Ⅱ5-3.杂多-东达山陆缘火山弧, Ⅱ5-4.墨江-绿春陆缘火山弧, Ⅱ5-5.兰坪-普洱双向弧后前陆盆地, Ⅱ5-6.云县-景洪晚陆缘火山弧; Ⅱ6.澜沧江结合带; Ⅱ7.左贡地块; Ⅱ8.临沧岩浆弧; Ⅱ9.班公湖-怒江-昌宁-孟连结合带: Ⅱ9-1.班公湖-怒江结合带, Ⅱ9-2.昌宁-孟连结合带, Ⅱ9-3.嘉玉桥残余弧带, Ⅱ10.保山地块: Ⅲ.冈底斯-高黎贡山-腾冲弧盆系: Ⅲ1.沙丁.洛隆弧前盆地, Ⅲ2.波密-腾冲岩浆弧, Ⅲ3.下察隅岩浆弧, Ⅲ4.雅鲁藏布江结合带; 据李文昌等(2014)改编
Fig. 1. The geotectonic zoning map of the "three rivers" (south section) area in the Southwest China
图 2 金顶铅锌矿床矿区地质图
1.逆冲推覆断层; 2.正断层; 3.性质不明断层; 4.地层界限; 5.不整合面; 6.岩层产状; 7.倒转岩层产状; 8.Pb-Zn矿体; 9.勘探线及编号; 10.采样位置; Q.第四系; E2g.始新统果郎组; E1y.古新统云龙组; K1h.下白垩统虎头寺组; K1j.下白垩统景星族; J2h.中侏罗统花开佐组; T3m.上三叠统麦初箐组; T3w1.上三叠统挖鲁八组; T3s.上三叠统三合洞组.图据云南地质三队, 1989. 云南省兰坪县金顶铅锌矿详细勘探地质报告.云南省地质矿产局, 昆明
Fig. 2. Geological map of the Jinding lead-zinc ore district
图 3 金顶铅锌矿区采样位置(a), 沥青以团块状充填于含砾砂岩和砂岩晶洞中(b, c, d)以及以脉状充填于角砾岩型矿石、砂岩型矿石裂隙中(e)
Fig. 3. Sample location of Jinding Pb-Zn deposit (a), bitumen is packed in pebbled sandstone and sandstone crystal cavity (b, c, d) as well as stocked in vein-like in breccia type ore and sandstone type ore(e)
图 4 金顶铅锌矿沥青Re-Os等时线年龄
a.跑马坪矿段和架崖山; b.架崖山矿段
Fig. 4. Re-Os isochron ages of bitumen in Jinding lead-zinc deposit
图 5 云南金顶铅锌矿区沥青Re-Os模拟演化线
Fig. 5. Re-Os simulation evolution line of asphalt in Yunnan Jinding lead-zinc mining areas
图 6 云南金顶铅锌矿区成矿模式
1.岩体; 2.三叠纪地层; 3.新进纪地层; 4.脉体或裂隙; 5.断裂
Fig. 6. Metallogenic model of Yunnan Jinding Pb-Zn orefield
图 7 金顶铅锌矿床穹隆构造剖面图
E1yb.云龙组上段角砾岩和砂岩; E1ya.云龙组下段粉砂泥岩; K1j.下白垩统景星组粗砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩; J2h.中侏罗统花开左组粉砂岩和泥岩; T3m.上三叠统麦初箐组含膏盐粉砂一细砂岩; T3s.上三叠统三合洞组灰岩夹白云岩; 1.角砾岩和砂岩; 2.粉砂质泥岩; 3.石英砂岩及粉砂岩; 4.粉砂岩和细砂岩; 5.粉砂岩和泥岩; 6.灰岩; 7.泥质灰岩; 8.金顶穹隆区的外来系统的逆冲推覆界面; 9.性质不明断层; 10.地层界线; 11.新近纪中低温热液矿床; 据曾普胜等(2016)改编
Fig. 7. Dome structure profile of Jinding lead-zinc deposit
表 1 云南金顶铅锌矿沥青Re-Os同位素数据
Table 1. Re-Os isotope data of bitumen from Jinding lead-zinc deposit in Yunnan
原样名 样重(g) Re (ng/g) 普Os(ng/g) 187Os(ng/g) 187Re/188Os 187Os/188Os 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 PMP-2-3 0.236 1 192 9.74 1.146 0 0.013 0 1.419 0 0.014 0 5 025 71 9.514 0.107 JYS-007-2 0.199 134.5 1.38 0.206 7 0.005 9 0.204 9 0.003 4 3 145 95 7.621 0.239 PMP-1-5 0.175 41.92 2.46 0.126 8 0.005 9 0.097 3 0.001 1 1 757 132 5.895 0.276 PMP-2-2 0.180 1 313 12.21 3.297 0 0.055 0 2.955 0 0.034 0 1 923 37 6.612 0.117 JYS-012-1 0.078 359.0 3.33 0.910 7 0.009 4 0.776 9 0.008 1 1 904 26 6.556 0.069 PMP-1 0.200 377.5 3.25 0.053 7 0.001 0 0.265 5 0.002 9 33 948 695 37.990 0.720 PMP-1-1 0.161 388.6 3.12 0.065 4 0.002 2 0.280 8 0.003 2 28 696 993 32.980 1.120 JYS-012-2 0.222 176.4 1.33 1.092 0 0.013 0 0.823 3 0.008 3 780.3 11.1 5.793 0.069 JYS-012-3 0.204 289.8 2.80 0.644 8 0.006 2 0.541 1 0.004 8 2 171 29 6.449 0.053 JYS-2 0.266 23.22 0.20 0.059 5 0.000 4 0.048 4 0.000 4 1 885 21 6.253 0.021 JYS-007 0.203 153.4 1.34 0.200 3 0.002 4 0.185 8 0.002 1 3 698 55 7.126 0.094 JYS007-3 0.218 82.1 0.60 0.232 4 0.002 1 0.187 3 0.001 8 1 707 20 6.193 0.050 
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表 2 金顶铅锌矿成矿年龄统计
Table 2. Metallogenic ages of Jinding lead-zinc deposit
定年方法 测试对象 年龄(Ma) 数据来源 裂变径迹 磷灰石 25.8~35.9 李小明等, 2000 Re-Os 黄铁矿 72.0±4.4 薛春纪等, 2003 锆石U-Pb 矿石和砂质胶结物 225.0±7.8(最年轻) 修群业等, 2006a 花粉分析 含泥质细砂岩 晚三叠世 修群业等, 2006b 铅同位素 黄铁矿、铅锌矿 235 修群业等, 2006b Rb-Sr 黄铁矿和闪锌矿 228±24 修群业, 2008 Re-Os 黄铁矿 65±10 唐永永等, 2013 Re-Os 沥青 68±5 高炳宇等, 2012 铅同位素 方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿 181~229 唐永永等, 2013 铅同位素 方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿 119.1~229.9 宋祥峰, 2015
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