Elements Enrichment Mechanism of Polymetallic Nodules in CCFZ area of Eastern Pacific Ocean: In-Situ Microanalysis of Nodule Profile
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摘要: 多金属结核微层原位微区分析能够更好地揭示结核生长过程中元素的赋存和迁移过程，为认识多金属结核元素富集机制和成因提供新的证据.通过使用电子探针（EPMA）和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）等手段对采集自东太平洋克拉里昂-克利珀顿断裂区（CCFZ区）的多金属结核进行了分析研究.研究结果表明，结核矿物主要为水羟锰矿、10Å锰矿和FeOOH，锰铁矿物圈层由内而外可划分为4个明显的层组：L1、L2、L3和L4，Mn和Fe的平均含量分别为32.2和13.3%、39.1和5.2%、37.0和3.4%、33.1和7.8%，Mn/Fe值整体表现为增大的趋势，对应Mn/Fe值分别为2.8、16.6、19.7和10.6，Co+Ni+Cu含量变化与之相似，平均含量分别为1.9%、3.3%、3.8%和3.0%.元素含量关系表明，Co主要赋存在水成成因的水羟锰矿中，Ni、Cu主要赋存在Mn相矿物中，但成岩成因的10Å锰矿对Ni、Cu等元素的富集能力强于水羟锰矿；结合元素组成和显微构造将其划分为水成型层、混合型层、成岩型层和混合型层，结核整体的生长作用趋势从水成型转变为成岩型.Abstract: In-situ microanalysis of polymetallic nodule can better reveal the occurrence and migration of elements in the growth process of polymetallic nodules than bulk nodule analysis, and provide new evidence for understanding the enrichment mechanism and genesis of polymetallic nodules. In this study, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were used to analyze the polymetallic nodule collected from the Clarion-Clipperton Fault Zone (CCFZ) of the East Pacific Ocean. The results show that the main minerals of the nodule are vernadite, 10 Å manganite and FeOOH. From the inside to the outside, the ferromanganese nodule can be divided into four distinct layer groups: L1, L2, L3 and L4, the average contents of Mn and Fe are 32.2 and 13.3%, 39.1 and 5.2%, 37.0 and 3.4%, 33.1 and 7.8%, respectively. The Mn/Fe ratio increases as a whole, and corresponding to 2.8, 16.6, 19.7 and 10.6, respectively. The variation of Co+Ni+Cu content shows similar trend, with the average content of 1.9%, 3.3%, 3.8% and 3.0%, respectively.The relationship of element content shows that Co mainly occurs in hydrogeneticvernadite, Ni and Cu both occur in hydrogenetic and diagenetic Mn phase minerals, while the enrichment ability of diagenetic 10 Å manganite is stronger than hydrogeneticvernadite. Based on the element composition and microstructure, the layers can be divided into hydrogenetic layer, mixed layer, diagenetic layer and mixed layer, respectively, and the nodules experienced hydrogenetic growth and diagenetic growth successively.
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Key words:
- polymetallic nodule /
- elements composition /
- In-situ microanalysis /
- growth mechanism /
- CCFZ area /
- marine geology
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图 2 结核样品手标本照片和结核剖面
图中红点为原位点测试位置，黄色线处为线扫描和面扫描区域
Fig. 2. Morphological features and inner structures of the polymetallic nodules
图 3 结核各圈层上的显微构造
区域A、B为面扫描区域，L2a、L2b分别代表暗、亮色矿物带
Fig. 3. Microstructure of nodule layers
图 4 结核各圈层中金属元素的含量变化
Fig. 4. Variation of metal elements in different layers of nodules
图 5 结核中由内而外Mn/Fe值变化趋势图
Fig. 5. Trend of Mn / Fe values from inside to outside in nodules
图 6 结核中由内而外REY、Ni、Cu和Co含量变化图
Fig. 6. Variation of Rey, Ni, Cu and Co contents in nodules from inside to outside
图 8 多金属结核成因类型三角图解
水成和成岩型点分别被虚线框圈
Fig. 8. Triangular diagram of the genesis of polymetallic nodules
图 9 结核圈层测点的CeSN/CeSN* vs Nd和CeSN/CeSN* vs YSN/HoSN判别图
Fig. 9. CeSN/CeSN* vs Nd和CeSN/CeSN* vs YSN/HoSN diagram of the genesis of polymetallic nodules
图 11 结核剖面中Cu、Ni、Co、REY随Mn、Fe含量变化图
Fig. 11. Variation of Cu, Ni, CO and REY with Mn and Fe contents in nodule section
图 12 结核剖面中Mn、Fe相矿物与Cu、Ni、Co、REY元素关系协变图
Fig. 12. Covariance diagram of relationship between Mn, Fe phase minerals and Cu, Ni, CO, REY elements in nodule section
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