Genesis of Jienagepu Gold Deposit in Zhaxikang Ore Concentration Area, Eastern Tethys Himalayas: Constraints from He-Ar and In-Situ S Isotope of Pyrite
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摘要: 姐纳各普金矿床是特提斯喜马拉雅东段扎西康矿集区内新近发现的中新世热液金矿床，但其成因认识较为模糊.矿体呈层状或似层状，严格受伸展断裂构造控制，具蚀变岩型和石英脉型2种矿石，主要发育硅化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化和方解石化.为厘定矿床成因，对矿床Ⅱ号和Ⅲ号矿体中的蚀变岩型矿石进行了系统采样，分析其黄铁矿He-Ar和原位S同位素组成特征.结果表明：黄铁矿内的4He含量介于0.038×10-7~0.446×10-7 cm3 STP/g，平均含量0.200×10-7 cm3 STP/g；3He/4He比值介于0.08~0.09 Ra，平均比值为0.08 Ra；40Ar含量变化于0.049×10-7~0.132×10-7 cm3 STP/g，平均含量0.084×10-7 cm3 STP/g；40Ar/36Ar比值介于308.0~386.3，平均比值347.1，指示成矿流体主要来自壳源变质流体；黄铁矿δ34S值分布集中，总体变化于1‰~3‰，平均值2.98‰，显示成矿物质来自地壳深部壳幔物质均一化的深源.结合前人研究成果，文章认为姐纳各普金矿床属于造山型金矿床，其成因的厘定对丰富和完善大陆碰撞造山成矿作用理论和指导区域矿床勘查具有重要意义.Abstract: Jienagepu gold deposit is a newly discovered Miocene hydrothermal gold deposit in the Zhaxikang ore concentration area, eastern Tethyan Himalayas, but its genesis is rather vague. The ore body is stratified or approximately stratified, strictly controlled by extensional fault structure. In this study, two types of ores were recognized, namely altered rock type and quartz vein type, with extensive hydrothermal alternation, including silicification, pyritization, sericization and calcite. Samples were systematically taken from the altered rock type ore in orebody No. Ⅱ and No. Ⅲ, and the composition characteristics of He-Ar and in-situ S isotope of pyrite were analyzed to determine the genesis of the deposit. The results show that the content of 4He and 3He/4He ratio in pyrite ranged widely from 0.038×10-7 cm3 STP/g to 0.446×10-7 cm3 STP/g, 0.08 Ra to 0.09 Ra, with an average of 0.200×10-7 cm3 STP/g and 0.08 Ra. The content of 40Ar and 40Ar/36Ar ratio vary from 0.049×10-7 cm3 STP/g to 0.132×10-7 cm3 STP/g, 308.0 to 386.3, with an average of 0.084×10-7 cm3 STP/g and 347.1, indicating that the ore-forming fluid mainly originated from the crustal metamorphic fluid. The δ34S value of pyrite is concentrated, and the overall variation is between 1‰ and 3‰, with an average of 2.98‰, showing that the ore-forming material is from crustal-mantle homogenized deep source. Combined with previous research results, in this paper it holds that Jienagepu gold deposit is an orogenic type gold deposit, and the determination of genesis is of great significance to enrich and perfect the mineralization theory of continental collisional orogeny and to guide the exploration of regional ore deposits.
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Key words:
- orogenic gold deposit /
- He-Ar isotope /
- in-situ S isotope /
- Jienagepu /
- Zhaxikang ore concentration area /
- Tethys Himalayas /
- deposit
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图 1 研究区大地构造位置(a)及区域矿床分布图(b)(据杨竹森等，2006修改)
Fig. 1. Geotectonic (a) and regional deposit distribution (b) maps of the study area(modified from Yang et al., 2006)
图 2 扎西康矿集区地质图(据李光明等，2017修改)
Fig. 2. Geological map of Zhaxikang ore concentration area (modified from Li et al., 2017)
图 5 姐纳各普金矿床主要矿石矿物特征
a.蚀变岩型矿石及穿切其中石英-硫化物脉；b.石英脉型矿石中发育的角砾状、晶洞及晶簇构造；c.石英脉型矿石中的自然金；d.方铅矿与闪锌矿集合体；e.石英脉型矿石中的辉锑矿及薄膜状辰砂；f.半自形黄铁矿及磁铁矿颗粒；g.具微弱环带结构的自形粒状黄铁矿颗粒；h.自形板状毒砂颗粒；i.石英脉型矿石中发育的硅化与绢云母化；j.石英脉型矿石中的晶洞、晶簇构造；k.自形粒状黄铁矿颗粒；l.半自形-自形粒状黄铁矿颗粒及自形菱面体、板状毒砂颗粒；Qz.石英；Apy.毒砂；Py.黄铁矿；BMS.贱金属硫化物；Sti.辉锑矿；Gn.方铅矿；Sph.闪锌矿；Hg.辰砂；Mag.磁铁矿；Ser.绢云母
Fig. 5. Main ore mineral characteristics of Jienagepu gold deposit
图 6 黄铁矿背散射照片及原位S同位素测点分布
红色圆圈表示测点位置及编号
Fig. 6. BSE photographs of pyrite and distribution of in-situ S measurement points
图 7 姐纳各普金矿床原位S同位素组成直方图
Fig. 7. Histogram of in-situ S isotopic composition of Jienagepu gold deposit
图 8 姐纳各普金矿床黄铁矿3He-4He图解
底图据Mamyrin and Tolstikhin（1984）；查拉普数据张刚阳（2012）；马扎拉数据张刚阳（2012）和翟伟等（2018）；折木朗数据引自Zhou et al.（2014）；邦布数据韦慧晓等（2010）和Sun et al.（2016b）；明赛据Zhang et al.（2020）
Fig. 8. 3He-4He diagram of pyrite in Jienaigop gold deposit
图 9 姐纳各普金矿床3He/4He-40Ar/36Ar图解
壳源流体数据引自Andrews（1985）；幔源数据引自Stuart et al.（1994b）；其他金矿床数据源同图 8
Fig. 9. 3He/4He-40Ar/36Ar diagram of pyrite in Jienagepu gold deposit
图 10 姐纳各普金矿床3He/4He-40Ar*/4He图解
壳源流体数据引自Andrews（1985）；幔源数据引自Stuart et al.（1994b）；其他金矿床数据源同图 8
Fig. 10. 3He/4He-40Ar*/4He diagram of pyrite in Jienagepu gold deposit
图 11 姐纳各普金矿床S同位素组成
马扎拉数据杨竹森等（2006）、戚学祥等（2008）、张刚阳（2012）、梁维（2014）和谢玉玲等（2019）；明赛数据卢柳（2019）；查拉普数据张刚阳（2012）；念扎数据张雄（2017）；邦布数据韦慧晓等（2010）；马攸木数据温春齐等（2006）和Jiang et al.（2009）
Fig. 11. S isotopic compositions of the Jienagepu gold deposit
表 1 姐纳各普金矿床主要矿(化)体地质特征
Table 1. Geological characteristics of main ore (mineralized) bodies of Jienagepu gold deposit
矿(化)体编号 位置 矿石工业类型 矿石组构 矿(化)体形态 矿(化)体产状 矿(化)体规模 品位(g/t) 倾向(°) 倾角(°) 走向延伸(m) 厚度(m) Ⅰ 矿区东南 蚀变岩型 碎裂、土状结构；角砾状构造 透镜状 152 72 ~100 1.12~2.16 0.11~9.67 Ⅱ 矿区西南 石英脉型、蚀变岩型 交代、碎裂结构；网脉状、角砾状、及晶洞构造 似层状透镜状 65 20 ~1 000 5.66~22.05 1.05~10.61 Ⅲ 矿区西部 石英脉型、蚀变岩型 交代、碎裂结构；网脉状、角砾状、及晶洞构造 似层状透镜状 57~68 27~43 > 1 000 1.21~3.21 0.98~2.94 Ⅳ 矿区中部 蚀变岩型 碎裂结构；角砾状构造 似层状 64 41 260 1.01~2.26 0.28~1.94 Ⅴ 矿区中部 蚀变岩型 碎裂结构；角砾状构造 似层状 69 38 220 1.21~3.21 0.94~1.18 Ⅵ 矿区北部 蚀变岩型 碎裂结构；角砾状构造 似层状透镜状 118 40 > 600 1.14~3.62 0.22~2.65 Ⅶ 矿区东北 蚀变岩型 碎裂结构；角砾状构造 似层状 90 70 ~60 1.92 0.22~2.65 Ⅷ 矿区东部 石英脉型、蚀变岩型 交代、碎裂结构；网脉状、角砾状及晶洞构造 似层状 355 70 ~130 1.98 1.35~9.76 
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表 2 姐纳各普金矿床黄铁矿He-Ar同位素组成
Table 2. Isotopic compositions of He-Ar in pyrite from Jienagepu gold deposit
样品号 JTCM-H1 JTCM-H2 JTC7-H1 JTC7-H4 JTCH8-H1 所属矿体编号 Ⅲ号 Ⅲ号 Ⅱ号 Ⅱ号 Ⅱ号 矿石类型 蚀变岩型 蚀变岩型 蚀变岩型 蚀变岩型 蚀变岩型 测试矿物 黄铁矿 黄铁矿 黄铁矿 黄铁矿 黄铁矿 4He(cm3STP/g) E-7 0.360 0.446 0.042 0.115 0.038 40Ar(cm3STP/g) E-7 0.081 0.100 0.049 0.132 0.057 3He/4He(Ra) 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 40Ar/36Ar 386.3 381.6 331.5 328.0 308.0 38Ar/36Ar 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 40Ar/4He 0.22 0.22 1.15 1.15 1.50 幔源He(%) 0.93 0.93 0.93 1.08 1.08 40Ar*(%) 23.51 22.56 10.86 9.91 4.06 40Ar*(cm3STP/g) E-7 0.019 0.023 0.005 0.013 0.002 40Ar*/4He 0.053 0.051 0.125 0.114 0.061 F4He 10 458 10 316 1 742 1 732 1 247 注：幔源He(%)=[(3He/4He)样品-(3He/4He)地壳]/[(3He/4He)地幔-(3He/4He)地壳]×100；40Ar*(%)=[(40Ar/36Ar)样品-295.5]/(40Ar/36Ar)样品×100；40Ar*=40Ar×[1-(40Ar/36Ar)大气/(40Ar/36Ar)样品]；F4He=(4He/36Ar)样品/(4He/36Ar)大气.
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表 3 姐纳各普金矿床黄铁矿原位S同位素组成
Table 3. Isotopic compositions of S in pyrite from Jienagepu gold deposit
样品编号 所属矿体编号 岩性 测试矿物 测点编号 δ34S(‰) JTC7 Ⅱ号 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC7-H1 4.49 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC7-H2 1.80 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC7-H3 1.23 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC7-H4 2.20 JTC8 Ⅱ号 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC8-H1 4.78 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC8-H2 2.20 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC8-H3 2.48 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC8-H4 3.64 JTCM Ⅲ号 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTCM-H1 4.98 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTCM-H2 5.46 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTCM-H3 4.77 JTC8-H2 Ⅱ号 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC8-H2-2-1 1.39 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC8-H2-2-2 1.91 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC8-H2-2-3 2.65 JTC7-H2 Ⅱ号 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC7-H2-2-1 1.98 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC7-H2-2-2 2.29 蚀变岩型含金矿石 黄铁矿 JTC7-H2-2-3 2.39 JTSL1 围岩 钙质板岩 黄铁矿 JTSL1-1 14.79 JTSL2 围岩 钙质板岩 黄铁矿 JTSL2-1 14.46
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