黔西南普安铅锌矿区盆地尺度构造

周亮; 胡煜昭; 谭笑林; 李丕优; 程涌

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2021.001

黔西南普安铅锌矿区盆地尺度构造

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.001

周亮^1, ,,
胡煜昭^{1, 2, ,},
谭笑林¹,
李丕优¹,
程涌^{1, 3}

1.
昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院, 云南昆明 650093
2.
云南省矿产资源预测评价工程实验室, 云南昆明 650093
3.
昆明冶金高等专科学校冶金与矿业学院, 云南昆明 650093

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41672073

详细信息

作者简介:
周亮(1995-), 男, 硕士研究生, 构造地质学专业.ORCID: 0000-0003-0529-6130.E-mail: 1126232363@qq.com

通讯作者:
胡煜昭, E-mail: huyuzhao155@sohu.com

中图分类号: P542.5;P613
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-19
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-11
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-20

Basin-Scale Structure of Pu'an Pb-Zn Deposit Area, Southwest Guizhou, China

Zhou Liang^{1
,
,},
Hu Yuzhao^{1, 2
, ,},
Tan Xiaolin¹,
Li Piyou¹,
Cheng Yong^{1, 3}

1.
Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
2.
Mineral Resources Prediction and Evaluation Engineering Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, China
3.
Mining Engineering Faculty, Kunming Metallurgy College, Kunming 650093, China

摘要

摘要:
贵州省普安铅锌矿区位于华南褶皱带西北缘的黔西南坳陷，矿体主要赋存在石炭系的白云质灰岩和白云岩中，构造控矿特征显著. NW-SE走向的二维地震剖面横穿了铅锌矿区，清晰地揭示了矿区的地层和NE向构造格架. 从浅层的泥盆系至深层的新元古界，共标定了3个反射层和3个反射单元，据两个重要角度不整合面，矿区呈现为双层基底、单层盖层的“2+1”盆地地层格架，为讨论黔西南的大地构造属性提供了新佐证. 矿区盆地构造格架呈现为2条主控逆冲断层夹多种构造样式的次一级逆冲断层和褶皱，对地震剖面显示的断层露头及其派生构造进行了野外观察和几何学、运动学解析，解剖了4个矿床的控矿断层，发现挤压逆冲断层活动时间与成矿年代息息相关. 基于剖面解释的构造格架，详细分析了各个构造要素在成矿过程中的作用，2条深切基底的一级断裂是来自大气降水和盆地深部的流体通道，广西运动不整合面(下称“广西面”)则是成矿流体侧向运输通道，刺穿下-中泥盆统火烘组(D_1-2h)(不透水层)的盖层断裂是矿液上升至石炭系成矿的渠道；结合典型矿床的构造控矿特性，构建了普安铅锌矿区的盆地尺度构造控矿模型.
- 地震剖面 /
- 构造控矿模型 /
- 盆地格架 /
- 黔西南 /
- 构造地质学
Abstract:
Pu'an Pb-Zn deposit area in Guizhou Province is situated in the Southwest Guizhou Depression on the northwest edge of South China fold belt. The ore bodies occur in the Carboniferous dolomitic limestone and dolomite, with significant characteristics of structural ore-control. Two-dimension (2D) seismic profile of the NW-SE striking passes through the Pb-Zn mine area, clearly revealing the stratum and NE-SW trending structural framework of the research area. From the shallow Devonian to the deep Neoproterozoic, a total of 3 seismic reflectors and 3 reflecting units are labeled. Based on recognition of two crucial surfaces of angular unconformity, the "2+1" basin stratigraphic framework consisting of double basement and single sedimentary cover is clearly represented, which provides new evidence for the tectonic attribute of Southwest Guizhou. The basin structural framework in the mining area is composed of two controlling thrust faults with secondary reverse faults and folds. Field observation and structural analysis of the fault outcrops and its secondary structures shown in the seismic profile were conducted, moreover the ore-controlling faults of 4 deposits were dissected. It is proposed that the Indosinian compressional deformation would be related to the ore-forming age. Based on the structural framework of the seismic interpretation, the role of each structural factor is detailed analysis in the mineralization process. The two deep-cut basement faults (first-order fault) would be fluid migration channels from atmospheric water and deep basin. The Guangxi unconformity would act as a lateral migration pathway. The thin-skin faults that cut across the Lower-Middle Devonian Huohong Formation (aquifuge) acted as a vertical migration conduit for ore-forming liquid to upward-rise to the Carboniferous mineralization. Combined with the structural ore-controlling characteristics of representative deposits, a model of basin-scale structural ore-controlling of the Pu'an lead-zinc study area was established.
- seismic profile /
- structural ore-control model /
- basin structural-stratigraphic framework /
- Southwest Guizhou /
- structural geology

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图 1 普安铅锌矿区地质(a)及大地构造略图(b)

a. 据马力等(2004)修改. 结合带：①师宗‒弥勒带；②金沙‒墨江带；③垭都‒紫云‒罗甸带；④八布‒Phu-Ngu带；⑤溆浦‒四堡带；⑥儋县‒屯昌带；⑦萍乡‒郴州‒博白带；⑧长乐‒南澳带；⑨绍兴‒萍乡带. 二级构造单元：Ⅰ₁. 黔中‒滇东隆起；Ⅰ₂. 黔南坳陷；Ⅰ₃. 雪峰基底拆离造山带；Ⅱ₁. 黔西南坳陷；Ⅱ₂. 罗甸断坳；Ⅱ₃. 南盘江坳陷. b. P₃ch. 长兴组；P₃l.龙潭组；P_2‒3em.峨眉山组；P₂m.茅口组；P₂q.栖霞组；P₂l.梁山组；(C₂‒P₁)m.马平组；C₂h.黄龙组；C_1‒2w.威宁组；C_1‒2n.南丹组；C₁dw.打屋坝组；C₁m.睦化组；C₁b.摆佐组；C₁d.大塘组

Fig. 1. Tectonic map (a) and simplified geologic map (b) of the research area

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图 2 黔西南普安铅锌矿区地层柱状简图

据张德明等(2014)和Hu et al. (2017)修改

Fig. 2. The simplified stratigraphic sequences of Pu'an Pb-Zn deposit area, Southwest Guizhou, China

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图 3 NW-SE向横穿铅锌矿区地震剖面解释

时‒深(时间‒深度)转换数据来源于南盘江坳陷秧1井T_P反射层(二叠系底部)的时间‒速度模板曲线. 地层单元：T₁-T₂. 下‒中三叠统；P₃. 上二叠统；D-P₂. 泥盆系‒中二叠统；D₃s-T₂g. 上泥盆统桑郎组‒中二叠统关岭组；D₃s-P₁. 上泥盆统桑郎组‒下二叠统；D_1-2h. 下‒中泥盆统火烘组；D₁-D_1-2g. 下泥盆统‒下中泥盆统罐子窑组；S.志留系；∈-O.寒武系‒奥陶系；Pt₂. 中元古界；Pt₃. 新元古界；An∈. 前寒武纪地层

Fig. 3. Interpretation of the NW-SE-striking seismic profile across the Pb-Zn deposit

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图 4 高棉乡北侧F2断层及其上盘褶皱素描图

Fig. 4. Sketch and photo of F2 and its secondary fold in the north of Gaomian Village

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图 5 赋存在虚脱部位的对门坡矿床(O-1)

a.据杨德传等(2017)修改；b.褶皱虚脱空间形成示意图；c.F3及其派生构造示意图

Fig. 5. Duimenpo Pb-Zn ore body (O-1) occurring in the secondary folds

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图 6 F3上盘派生的虚脱构造和叠加褶皱

Fig. 6. Saddle structure and superposed fold on hanging wall of F3

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图 7 F4素描图及其派生次级构造

地层代号同图 2

Fig. 7. Sketch and photo of F4 and its parasitical structure

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图 8 受F4控制赋存在层间破碎带中的莲花山矿体(O-2)

据杨光龙(2007)修改

Fig. 8. Lianhuashan ore body (O-2) in the interlayer fracture zone controlled by F4

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图 9 罐子窑镇南侧F5素描图

Fig. 9. Sketch and photo of F5 in the south of Guanziyao Town

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图 10 铁厂村公路旁F5及其引起的上盘顺层滑动构造

Fig. 10. Sketch and photo of F5 and the sliding structures generated by F5 in roadside near Tiechang Village

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图 11 铅厂矿床(O-3)勘探剖面及露头滑脱构造素描图

图a据曾广乾等(2017)修改

Fig. 11. Exploration profiles and outcrop sketch of detachment structure of Qianchang deposit (O-3)

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图 12 麻布河北侧F6及其上盘背斜中的双峰山矿床(O-4)

Fig. 12. Photos of F6 and Shuangfengshan deposit (O-4) occurring in the fault-propagation fold in the north of Mabu River

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图 13 双峰山矿区发育的不同方位褶皱变形

a. 近东西向挤压产生的“M”形褶皱(F6活动产生)；b. 近南北向挤压产生的斜歪褶皱；c. 与F6同倾向的厘米级逆断层

Fig. 13. Fold deformation in different directions in Shuangfengshan mineral area

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图 14 盆地尺度构造控矿模型

地层代号同图 2

Fig. 14. Basin-scale model of structure controlling Pb-Zn deposits

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表 1 反射层(单元)地震属性

Table 1. Attributes of seismic reflectors (reflective units)

代号		反射层 (反射单元)	同相轴数	地震反射基本属性
代号		反射层 (反射单元)	同相轴数	振幅	视频率	连续性
RU1		火烘组	3~4	中‒强	中频	好
TD		下泥盆统底	2~3	弱‒中	中频	差
TS		下志留统底	2~3	中‒强	中频	中
T∈		下寒武统底	3~5	中‒强	高频	好
RU2		震旦系	5~6	中‒强	高频	好
RU3	TB¹	南华系、青白口系	4~5	强	中频	好
RU3	TB²	南华系、青白口系	8~10	强	高频	好

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表 2 地震线穿过的主要构造

Table 2. Main structures cut by seismic profile

代号	名称	地表及深部特征
F1	格所河逆冲断层	倾向近W，倾角65°左右，落差约1 200 m，断开了S-C₂；走向近SN，破碎带宽20~40 m
F2	高棉‒马场逆冲断层	走向NE，延伸30 km左右，倾向NW，倾角60°~70°，断距达到6 000 m，错断了Pt₃-T₂
F3	苏子坡逆冲断层	走向NEE，延长15 km，倾向SSE，倾角78°，可见断层引起上盘A1核部变宽效应，控制了对门坡矿床
F4	新寨逆冲断层	走向SN，倾向E，断距120 m左右. 控莲花山矿床
F5	罐子窑逆冲断层	走向NE，长度18.2 km，倾向NW，倾角30°~50°，可划分为南段、中段、北段. 控铅厂矿床
F6	苏子坪逆冲断层	走向NE，倾向NW，倾角50°，断距50~300 m. 控双峰山矿床
A1	格所河背斜	近SN向展布，轴面倾向W，枢纽弯曲起伏且向S倾伏，被F₃和F₄错断，核部地层为D₂h，倒转强烈
A2	代家菁背斜	近SN向展布，轴面倾向W，被一条NW向断层错断，核部地层为D_1-2g
A3	丁头山背斜	在约0.3 km²范围内岩层产状变化为350°~25°∠70°~25°，有向SW倾伏的趋势，核部地层为C₁dw
注：据张德明等(2014)和杨德传等(2017).

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