High-Frequency Sequence and Microfacies and Their Impacts on Favorable Reservoir of Longwangmiao Formation in Central Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 为明确川中地区龙王庙组沉积微相时空分布及其对储层的控制，利用地震、钻井及岩心资料，开展了精细的沉积、层序和储层研究，深入讨论了高频层序与沉积微相对有利储层的控制.龙王庙组主要发育鲕粒颗粒云岩、砂屑颗粒云岩、花斑状粉晶云岩等8种岩相，垂向上发育深水台地-滩间海型、颗粒滩型和局限潮坪型等3种岩相组合.龙王庙组构成1个三级层序，可分为2个四级层序（SQ1和SQ2），各四级层序可分为3~5个五级层序.高频层序格架内，颗粒滩和局限潮坪具明显的加积和朝东南方向进积趋势，SQ2颗粒滩和局限潮坪的发育优于SQ1.局限潮坪微相的窗格孔细晶-粉晶云岩和花斑状粉晶云岩孔隙度最好，主要分布于四级和五级层序的顶部；其次为高频层序中-上部的颗粒滩微相.与高频海平面变化相关的早期溶蚀是优质储层形成的关键，并为后期储层改造奠定了基础.Abstract: Based on seismic data, well-logging and cores, an integrated research on the microfacies and sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characteristics is made, in order to clarify the controls of the high-frequency sequence and microfacies on the reservoirs in the Longwangmiao Formaion, Central Sichuan basin. The Longwangmiao Formation is mainly composed of eight types of lithofacies such as ooid grainstone, intraclast grainstone and spotted-structure silt crystalline dolomite. They can be grouped into three types of facies associations which are deep-platform to inter-shoal, grain shoal, and restricted tidal flat. The Longwangmiao Formation consists of one third-order sequence and two fourth-order sequences, and either fourth-order sequence includes three to five fifth-order sequences. In the high-frequency sequence stratigraphic framework, tidal flat and grain shoal deposits show clear aggregation and southeastern progradation trends, and they are better developed in SQ2 than in SQ1. The fine to silt crystalline dolomite and spotted-structure silt crystalline dolomite that developed in restrict tidal flat are best in porosity, and they are mainly distributed in the upmost part of the fourth- and fifth-order sequences. The shoal deposits are the second best in reservoir quality and they mainly developed in the middle and upper parts of the sequences below the tidal flat. The early-stage dissolution related to high-frequency sea-level fluctuations is the basis for the formation of the best reservoir of the Longwangmiao Formation in the Central Sichuan basin, and laid the foundation for the later improvement.
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图 1 研究区位置及龙王庙组地层柱状图
Fig. 1. The location of study area and stratigraphy of the Longwangmiao Formation
图 2 川中地区龙王庙组典型微相类型岩心特征
a. 深灰色鲕粒颗粒云岩，高石6井，4 546.5 m；b. 深灰色鲕粒颗粒云岩，平行层理，高石10井，4 648.1 m；c. 灰色残余砂屑结构的粉晶云岩，发育针孔，磨溪12井，4 632.5 m；d. 灰色砾屑云岩，砾屑呈条形，约占40%，磨溪26井，4 918.8 m；e. 灰色砾屑云岩，砾屑呈椭球形，约占35%，磨溪16井，4 751.8 m；f. 残余似球粒结构的泥-粉晶云岩，发育不规则暗斑，疑为生物扰动构造，磨溪16井，4 769.3 m；g. 花斑状泥-粉晶云岩，不规则明暗斑块交替发育，高石10井，4 623.5 m；h. 窗格孔细晶-粉晶云岩，磨溪12井，4 675.6 m；i. 含泥生屑粒泥-泥晶云岩，磨溪39井，4 920.6 m；j. 深灰色泥质条带泥晶灰岩，发育底栖生物遗迹构造，磨溪13井，4 607.7 m
Fig. 2. Core photos of microfacies in the Longwangmiao Formation, Central Sichuan basin
图 3 川中地区龙王庙组典型岩相类型薄片特征
a. 鲕粒颗粒云岩，发育晶间孔，高石6井，4 547.0 m；b. 砂屑颗粒云岩，磨溪13井，4 597.2 m；c. 残余砂屑结构细晶-粗粉晶云岩，高石10井，4 627.0 m；d. 视域同c，在薄片与载物台之间加垫白纸后，显现出清晰的砂屑结构，砂屑分选中等，次棱状；e. 残余似球粒结构的细粉晶云岩，磨溪13井，4 631.5 m；f. 同e，在薄片与载物台之间加垫白纸后，显现出清晰的似球粒结构；g. 粉晶云岩，晶间孔和晶间溶孔发育不均，充填沥青，磨溪20井，4 616.3 m；h. 窗格孔细晶-粉晶云岩，溶孔和小洞顺层发育，磨溪20井，4 606.5 m；i. 泥质泥晶云岩，发育暗色粘土质纹层和微量细粉砂级陆源石英碎屑，磨溪21井，4 631.0 m
Fig. 3. Thin-section photos of microfacies of the Longwangmiao Formation, Central Sichuan basin
图 4 川中地区龙王庙组3种典型岩相组合
Fig. 4. Typical microfacies associations of the Longwangmiao Formation, Central Sichuan basin
图 5 川中磨溪地区龙王庙组四级层序在地震剖面上的响应特征
Fig. 5. Response characteristics of fourth-order sequence of the Longwangmiao Formation on seismic profiles, Moxi area, Central Sichuan basin
图 6 川中地区高石10井龙王庙组高频层序与沉积微相综合柱状图
Fig. 6. Composite map of high-freuqncy sequence and microfacies of the Longwangmiao Formation, well GS10, Central Sichuan basin
图 8 川中地区龙王庙组四级层序高位域微相展布与沉积演化
a. 龙王庙组下部四级层序SQ1高位域微相平面分布; b. 龙王庙组上部四级层序SQ2高位域微相平面分布
Fig. 8. Facies distribution and sedimentary evolution in the HST of fourth-order sequences of the Longwangmiao Formation, Central Sichuan basin
图 9 川中地区龙王庙组典型储层类型及孔隙特征
a. 发育窗格状孔洞的粉晶云岩，磨溪22井，4 944.5 m；b. 发育针孔和小洞的花斑状粉晶云岩，高石10井，4 632.1 m；c. 发育密集针孔和小洞的粉晶云岩，磨溪207井，4 646.3 m；d. 发育密集小洞的粉晶云岩，磨溪20井，4 606.5 m；e. 发育粒间和晶间溶孔的残余砂屑结构粉晶云岩，磨溪17井，4 665.0 m；f. 发育晶间和粒间溶孔和残余砂屑结构粉晶云岩，薄片下垫纸后显示孔隙大多发育于原始颗粒间，磨溪13井，4 596.6 m
Fig. 9. Types of reservoirs and pores of the Longwangmiao Formation, Central Sichuan basin
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