巴西桑托斯盆地CO<sub>2</sub>区域分布及主控因素

赵健; 赵俊峰; 任康绪; 王童奎; 许必锋

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2020.359

巴西桑托斯盆地CO₂区域分布及主控因素

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.359

赵健^{1, 2, ,},
赵俊峰¹,
任康绪^{1, 2},
王童奎¹,
许必锋¹

1.
中国石油国际勘探开发公司, 北京 100034
2.
中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05029005

详细信息

作者简介:
赵健(1982-), 男, 高级工程师, 主要从事海外油气勘探与石油地质综合研究工作, ORCID: 0000-0002-6323-6526.E-mail: Zhaojian@cnpcint.com

中图分类号: P618.13
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-26
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-14
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-14

Distribution and Main Controlling Factors of CO₂ in Santos Basin, Brazil

Zhao Jian^{1, 2
,
,},
Zhao Junfeng¹,
Ren Kangxu^{1, 2},
Wang Tongkui¹,
Xu Bifeng¹

1.
China National Oil and Gas Exploration & Development Corporation, Beijing 100034, China
2.
PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 桑托斯盆地盐下油气田中发现了大量CO₂，给油气勘探开发和生产都带来诸多困难和挑战.利用地层测试、样品分析及文献资料等，明确了CO₂成因及来源，统计分析了其区域分布特征，并基于区域重磁和深源地震等资料，剖析了控制CO₂分布的地质因素.盆内CO₂主要为幔源—岩浆成因，且幔源CO₂贡献了至少92%的CO₂总量.区域上，CO₂自陆向海呈增加趋势，并相对集中在盆地东部隆起带上.地壳减薄和地幔局部隆升是控制CO₂宏观分布最重要的背景因素.极端的地壳伸展造成了圣保罗地台下部陆壳强烈拉伸减薄，形成了一个面积约5.1×10⁴ km²的地壳减薄区，造成了富含CO₂的地幔物质上拱进入陆壳，宏观上决定了盆内CO₂区域分布.此区域之外，出现高含量CO₂的可能性大幅降低.岩浆侵入和活动断层都是沟通隆升地幔和浅部储层的重要路径，但以断裂沟通最常见.NW-SE向区域走滑断裂和NE-SW向I-II级正断层对CO₂在浅部地层中的分配起控制作用，两组断裂交汇部位或周缘是幔源岩浆或CO₂最集中发育区.
- 桑托斯盆地 /
- CO₂成因 /
- 区域分布 /
- 主控因素 /
- 深部地壳结构 /
- 幔源岩浆 /
- 断裂系统 /
- 石油地质
Abstract: An extraordinarily high amount of CO₂found in pre-salt section in Santos basin poses great challenges to the oil and gas exploration and development. In this study, combining regional gravity and magnetic database, deep-seismic lines, well drilling, formation test and samples dataset of the basin, the origin of CO₂ was clarified firstly, and its regional distribution patterns were statistically analyzed and their main controlling factors were explored as well. The widely distributed CO₂ in pre-salt reservoirs in Santos basin is mainly sourced from mantle, and mantle-derived CO₂ contributes at least 92% of the total volume of CO₂. Regionally, CO₂ abundance gradually increases from continent to ocean, and is relatively concentrated in the eastern uplift of the basin. On its margin usually occurs the current maximum CO₂ content values. The extra-high CO₂ abundance in Santos basin is the result of the combined action of various geological factors such as crust & mantle transition, regional tectonic evolution, magma events and fault activity. Among them, continental crust thinning and mantle uplifting are the most important background factors, controlling the regional distribution of CO₂. The intensive extension of crust caused a strong stretching and thinning of the lower continental crust of Sao Paulo platform, forming a crustal thinning area, around 5.1×10⁴ km², which caused the CO₂-rich mantle material to intrude upward into the continental crust. This uplifted mantle has directly controlled the regional distribution of CO₂ in Santos basin. Outside this area, the risk of CO₂ is significantly reduced. Magma injection or active faults are both important pathways for CO₂ migration and accumulation, with most common cases involving active faults leading CO₂ from "uplifted" mantle to shallower reservoirs. The NW-SE strike-slip faults and the NE-SW class I-II normal faults have an obvious control effect on distribution of CO₂ in shallower formation: NW-SE strike-slip fault could extend into deep mantle, while the NE-SW normal faults distribute these CO₂ in shallower layers. So that their intersection points or periphery areas are the most favorable areas for accumulation of magma and CO₂.
- Santos basin /
- origin of CO₂ /
- regional distribution /
- main controlling factors /
- deep crustal structure /
- mantle-sourced magma /
- fault system /
- petroleum geology

HTML全文

图 1 桑托斯盆地构造单元划分及综合地层柱状简图

图a据Sandwell and Smith(2009)编绘; 走滑断裂体系据Cobbold et al.(2001)、Meisling et al.(2001)和Evain et al.(2015)编绘; 地层柱状图据Moreira et al.(2007)编绘

Fig. 1. Structural unit division and integrated stratum column of Santos basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 桑托斯盆地CO₂同位素特征及幔源CO₂含量估算

a. CO₂成因判识图，据Dai et al.（1996）；b.幔源CO₂含量估算图，据Santos et al.（2012）

Fig. 2. Carbon isotope of CO₂ and mantle derived CO₂ content estimation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 桑托斯盆地CO₂分布及盆地深部地壳结构简图

区块分布据http://rodadas.anp.gov.br/arquivos/Bienio/Mapas_LP7-8/R7_R8_LP_GERAL.pdf

Fig. 3. Sketch map of CO₂ distribution and deep crustal structure in Santos basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 Jp构造及周缘预测岩浆体与CO₂分布对应关系

据Gamboa et al.（2019）改编；a. 磁力图一阶导数；b. 剩余布格重力图；c. 二维地质解释模型（位置见图a和b中黄色箭头）

Fig. 4. Distribution maps of predicted igneous rocks and CO₂ around the Jp structure

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图 5 桑托斯盆地深源地震剖面及深部壳幔结构剖面

剖面位置见图 3；图 5a和5d中二维地震剖面底图据Kumar et al.（2012）修编；图 5b和5c中San Ba地震剖面底图据Evain et al.（2015）修编，其中白色虚线为Zalán et al.（2011）解释出的基底构造和莫霍顶面

Fig. 5. Deep crustal structure profiles from deep-source seismic data in Santos basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 桑托斯盆地Lb区块断裂与CO₂分布

区块位置见图 3；图a据Rancan et al.（2018）和Zhao et al.（2019）；图b为地震速度剖面；图c和d为常规地震剖面，其中c未带解释方案剖面，d为带解释方案剖面；黄色箭头指CO₂，黑色箭头为岩浆

Fig. 6. Distribution map of faults and CO₂ in Lb block

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表 1 Lb区块不同构造位置CO₂含量及流体性质统计

Table 1. Statistic table of CO₂ content and fluid properties in Lb block

样品位置	取样位置	样品类型	闪蒸气体中CO₂（摩尔百分比)	原位地层中CO₂（摩尔百分比)	气油比（m³/m³）	原油密度（°API）
样点1	①	气	67.16	65.26	3 077.17	36.36
	②	气	67.55	65.37	2 834.43	37.67
	③	气	67.58	65.51	2 954.30	37.25
	④	气	67.32	65.31	2 958.99	37.01
	⑤	气	66.95	64.88	2 931.61	37.57
样点2	⑥	油	43.40	37.29	436.13	27.28
样点2	⑦	油	43.37	37.25	438.64	27.15
注：取样位置见图 6c.

下载: 导出CSV

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