Geochemical Characteristics and Signatures of Mesozoic Sandstones from Huanghua Depression
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摘要: 中生代黄骅坳陷位于华北克拉通汇聚与破坏的中心，为各物源的汇集地，记录了华北中生代盆地的构造及物源演化.对研究区中生界砂岩进行了主、微量元素测试分析，结果显示，样品SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、K2O和Fe2O3T平均含量分别为66.98%、13.65%、2.74%、3.03%和3.26%，砂岩为岩屑砂岩、长石砂岩和杂砂岩.砂岩CIA和ICV的平均值分别为56.12和0.94，均经历了一定的化学风化及再旋回作用.砂岩的母岩为长英质火成岩和再旋回沉积岩，并混杂少量基性火成岩.由三叠纪到白垩纪，中生界砂岩物源逐渐由华北北缘大陆弧演化为燕山造山带和黄骅坳陷内的岩浆作用及古隆起.Abstract: In Mesozoic, the Huanghua Depression was located in the center of the convergence and destruction of the North China Craton and was the sink place of all source areas. It recorded the evolution of the tectonic and provenance of the Mesozoic basins in North China. The main and trace elements of Mesozoic sandstones from the study area were examined. It is found that the average contents of SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, and Fe2O3T are 66.98%, 13.65%, 2.74%, 3.03%, and 3.26%, respectively. The sandstones are litharenites, arkoses, and greywackes. The average CIA and ICV values are 56.12 and 0.94, and the sandstones experienced some chemical weathering and recycling. The parent rocks of the sandstones are feldspathic igneous rocks and recycling sedimentary rocks, mixed with a small amount of basic igneous rocks. From the Triassic to the Cretaceous, the source of Mesozoic sandstones gradually evolved from continental arc in the northern margin of North China to the paleo-uplift and the interplate magmatic area of the Yanshan orogenic belt and the Huanghua Depression.
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Key words:
- weathering /
- provenance /
- tectonic setting /
- Mesozoic /
- Huanghua Depression /
- geochemistry
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图 3 中生界砂岩镜下特征
a.中下三叠统中砂岩（正交光）；b.侏罗系下部粗砂岩（正交光）；c.侏罗系上部粗砂岩（正交光）；d.下白垩统细砂岩（正交光）
Fig. 3. The micrograph features of Mesozoic sandstones
图 4 中生界砂岩主量元素平均上地壳标准化蛛网图（上地壳标准值据Hu and Gao, 2008）
Fig. 4. Major elements spider diagram normalized to average UCC for Mesozoic sandstones(normalized values from Hu and Gao, 2008)
图 5 中生界砂岩主量（a）、微量（b）元素主成分分析双标图
Fig. 5. Biplot of principle component analysis of major elements (a) and trace elements (b) for Mesozoic sandstones
图 6 中生界砂岩微量元素平均上地壳标准化蛛网图（上地壳标准值据Hu and Gao, 2008）
Fig. 6. Trace elements spider diagram normalized to average UCC for Mesozoic sandstones(normalized values from Hu and Gao, 2008)
图 7 中生界砂岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化蛛网图
球粒陨石标准化数据据Boynton（1984）；PAAS数据据McLennan and Taylor（1991）；UCC数据据Hu and Gao（2008）
Fig. 7. REE spider diagram normalized to chondrite for Mesozoic sandstones
图 9 中生界砂岩风化条件图解
a.据Nesbitt and Young（1984），平均上地壳数据（UCC）据Hu and Gao（2008）；b.碱性金属和碱土金属在风化过程中的迁移性对比图（Garzanti et al., 2013），αAlE值根据平均上地壳数据标准化（Hu and Gao, 2008）
Fig. 9. Weathering condition plots for Mesozoic sandstones
图 10 中生界砂岩Al2O3-Zr-TiO2三角图（Garcia et al., 1991）
Fig. 10. Al2O3-Zr-TiO2 ternary plot for Mesozoic sandstones(Garcia et al., 1991)
图 11 中生界砂岩成分及分选与再旋回变化
a. 据McLennan et al.（1993），紫色箭头表示由岩浆分异导致的成分变化，黄色箭头表示由锆石增多导致的分选与再旋回变化，黑色方块的玄武岩、安山岩、长英质火山岩及花岗岩数据据Condie（1993），平均上地壳标准值据Hu and Gao（2008）；b. 据Roser and Korsch（1999），N表示平均上地壳标准化
Fig. 11. Variations of composition, sorting and recycling for Mesozoic sandstones
图 12 中生界砂岩物源判别图
a. 据Roser and Korsch（1988），其中F1 =-1.773TiO2+0.607Al2O3+0.760Fe2O3T-1.500MgO+0.616CaO+0.509Na2O-1.224K2O-9.090，F2 = 0.445TiO2+0.070Al2O3-0.250Fe2O3T-1.142MgO+0.438CaO+1.475Na2O+1.426K2O-6.861；b. 据Floyd and Leveridge（1987）
Fig. 12. Provenance discrimination diagrams for Mesozoic sandstones
图 13 中生界砂岩物源判别图
a. 据McLennan et al.（1993）；b. 据Gu et al.（2002）
Fig. 13. Provenance discrimination diagrams for the Mesozoic sandstones
图 14 中生界砂岩Eu/Eu*-GdN/YbN图解（McLennan and Taylor, 1991）
Fig. 14. Eu/Eu* versus GdN/YbN plot for Mesozoic sandstones(McLennan and Taylor, 1991)
图 15 中生界砂岩碎屑锆石年龄概率分布
a.中生界砂岩碎屑锆石年龄概率曲线；b. 中生界砂岩碎屑锆石年龄累计概率曲线. 数据来自Li et al.（2013）和朱吉昌等（2020）
Fig. 15. Probability distribution of detrital zircon ages for Mesozoic sandstones
图 16 中生界砂岩构造环境判别图
and Crook（1986）. ACM. 主动大陆边缘；PM. 被动大陆边缘；OIA. 大洋岛弧：CIA. 大陆岛弧
Fig. 16. Tectonic setting discrimination plots of Mesozoic sandstones
表 1 中生界砂岩元素比值物源特征
Table 1. Provenance characteristics of the element ratio of Mesozoic sandstones
微量元素比值 中生界砂岩元素比值范围 中生界砂岩元素比值平均值 长英质物源元素比值 镁铁质物源元素比值 平均上地壳元素比值 Eu/Eu* 0.56~0.99 0.81 0.40~0.94 0.71~0.95 0.70 (La/Lu)N 1.18~4.66 1.84 3.00~27.00 1.10~7.00 10.38 La/Sc 3.01~8.25 4.66 2.50~16.30 0.43~0.86 2.20 Th/Sc 0.62~1.95 1.08 0.84~20.50 0.05~0.22 0.75 Th/Co 0.30~2.88 0.98 0.04~3.25 0.04~1.40 0.61 Cr/Th 2.65~6.95 5.18 4.00~15.00 25.00~500.00 8.76 La/Co 1.33~12.20 4.20 1.80~13.80 0.14~0.38 1.79 注：长英质物源及镁铁质物源数据据Cullers and Pidkovyrov（2000）；平均上地壳数据据Hu and Gao（2008）. 
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