Sedimentary Characteristics of Doushantuo Formation in Shennongjia Area: Implications for "West Hubei Trough"
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摘要: 华南埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组沉积古地理仍有争议，其中鄂西克拉通内盆地“鄂西海槽”的存在与展布问题是关键.对“鄂西海槽”分布关键位置的神农架地区陡山沱组开展了地层学和沉积学研究，结果显示：神农架东部地区陡山沱组的岩性组合与黄陵背斜北部樟村坪地区陡山沱组相似，发育鸟眼和球粒等沉积构造，指示了台地环境；神农架西部地区陡山沱组主要由砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩组成，产出粒序和平行层理等组成的不完整鲍玛序列，指示斜坡或较深水环境.综合前人研究，指出“鄂西海槽”与“鄂中台地”的边界从神农架地区中部经黄陵背斜西北延伸到其东南，神农架东部和黄陵背斜东北部地区位于台地内，神农架西部和黄陵背斜西南部地区位于海槽内.Abstract: Paleogeographic reconstruction of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in South China is controversial, and one of the key problems is the existence and distribution of the "West Hubei Trough". In this paper it presents stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence of the Doushantuo Formation from the Shennongjia area (Hubei Province) for the existence of "West Hubei Trough" and its sedimentary facies in Shennongjia area. Lithological features of the Doushantuo Formation in the eastern Shennongjia area are similar to those in the Zhangcunping area, northern Huangling anticline near Three Gorges. Sedimentary structures such as "bird eyes" and peloids indicate that the Doushantuo Formation in the eastern Shennongjia area was deposited in a shallow platform environment. The Doushantuo Formation in the western Shennongjia area is mainly composed of interbedded sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. In addition, sedimentary structures, such as incomplete Bouma sequences containing normal graded bedding and parallel bedding, indicate a slope or relatively deeper water environment of the western Shennongjia area. In combination with previous studies, our results indicate that the boundary between the "West Hubei Trough" and the "Central Hubei Platform" extends from the middle Shennongjia area to the northwest of Huangling anticline area as well as to its southeast. The eastern Shennongjia and northeast Huangling anticline were both located in platform facies, whereas the western Shennongjia and southwest Huangling anticline were located in deeper water facies of the "West Hubei Trough".
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Key words:
- Shennongjia /
- Doushantuo Formation /
- Ediacaran /
- paleogeographic reconstruction /
- "West Hubei Trough" /
- sedimentology
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图 1 研究区地质及剖面位置图
a. 扬子板块大地构造背景图，改自Wang and Li（2003）和胡军等（2020）；b. 神农架地区地质图及研究剖面（龙溪、莲花、石家河、木鱼和高桥河）所在位置，改自Qiu et al.（2011）
Fig. 1. Geological settings of the study area and locations of study sections
图 2 神农架东部地区龙溪剖面岩石柱状图和典型野外照片
a. 南沱组与盖帽白云岩界线；b、c. 陡山沱组二段磷块岩层与白云岩互层；d. 陡山沱组二段白云岩层与黑色页岩互层（红色圈内是作为比例尺的地质锤）
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic column and typical outcrop photos of the Longxi Section in eastern Shennongjia area
图 3 神农架东部地区莲花剖面岩石柱状图和典型野外照片
a. 陡山沱组一段盖帽白云岩与陡山沱组二段界线；b. 陡山沱组二段纯磷块岩和磷块岩、白云岩互层；c. 陡山沱组二段磷块岩与白云岩互层；d. 陡山沱组二段与三段界线；e. 陡山沱组三段白云岩中的燧石结核；f. 灯影组庙河段庙河生物群中典型化石Cucullus fraudulentus
Fig. 3. Stratigraphic column and typical outcrop photos of the Lianhua Section in eastern Shennongjia area
图 4 莲花剖面地层位置和典型镜下照片（单偏光）
a. 重结晶严重，呈中晶结构的盖帽白云岩；b. 陡山沱组二段磷矿和泥晶白云岩互层；c. 陡山沱组二段磷质内碎屑、碎屑石英和泥晶白云岩岩屑组成的碎屑型磷块岩；d. 陡山沱组二段磷质内碎屑和泥晶白云岩；e. 陡山沱组三段含鸟眼构造的泥晶白云岩；f. 陡山沱组三段上部含球粒泥晶白云岩（粒泥岩）；g. 灯影组蛤蟆井段颗粒支撑亮晶胶结的鲕粒岩；h. 灯影组石板滩段含鸟眼构造和藻纹层的泥晶灰岩，鸟眼为亮晶方解石充填. 图例见图 3
Fig. 4. Stratigraphic position and typical microscopic photos of thin sections (polarized light) from the Lianhua Section in eastern Shennongjia area
图 5 神农架东部地区石家河剖面岩石柱状图和典型野外照片
a. 南沱组与陡山沱组底部盖帽白云岩界线；b. 陡山沱组二段粉砂岩与白云岩互层；c. 陡山沱组二段斜层理；d. 陡山沱组二段波状交错层理；e. 陡山沱组二段顶部磷矿层；f. 陡山沱组三段肉红色砂质白云岩
Fig. 5. Stratigraphic column and typical outcrop photos of the Shijiahe Section in eastern Shennongjia area
图 6 神农架西部地区木鱼剖面岩石柱状图和典型野外照片
a. 紫红色泥质白云岩；b. 不完整鲍玛序列（a-b-d-e）；c. 紫红色泥岩、灰绿色粉砂岩和灰色粉砂岩互层；d. 褐色粉砂岩和灰色粉砂岩互层
Fig. 6. Stratigraphic column and typical outcrop photos of Muyu Section in western Shennongjia area
图 7 木鱼剖面陡山沱组地层位置和岩石典型镜下照片（单偏光）
a. 重结晶严重，呈粉晶结构的盖帽白云岩；b、c. 石英杂砂岩，主要由石英碎屑、杂基和不透明矿物碎屑组成，碎屑粒度在0.2~0.005 mm（砂屑-粉砂）之间，分选较差，颗粒呈棱角状-次棱角状，整体呈杂基支撑；d. 较粗的碎屑岩中由杂基组成的呈拉长型、定向性泥砾；e. 杂砂岩与含水平层理的粉砂岩互层；f. 粉砂岩与泥岩互层. 图例见图 6
Fig. 7. Stratigraphic position and typical microscopic photos (polarized light) of thin sections of the Doushantuo Formation at the Muyu Section in western Shennongjia area
图 8 神农架西部地区高桥河剖面陡山沱组岩石柱状图和典型野外照片
a. 高桥河剖面全景；b. 陡山沱组与南沱组界线（红色圈内是作为比例尺的地质锤）；c、d. 不完整鲍玛序列（a-d-e和a-e）；e. 槽模构造
Fig. 8. Stratigraphic column and typical outcrop photos of the Doushantuo Formation at the Gaoqiaohe Section in western Shennongjia area
图 9 神农架地区研究剖面和邻区陡山沱组地层对比
鄂西地区地质图和高竹剖面地层柱状图改自Wang et al.（2020）和Jiang et al.（2011）；宋洛剖面地层柱状图改自周晓峰等（2020）；ZK312钻孔地层柱状图改自安志辉等（2018）
Fig. 9. Stratigraphic comparisons of the Doushantuo Formation in the Shennongjia and adjacent areas
图 10 鄂西地区埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱组沉积时期古地理重建
黄陵背斜地区、重庆北部地区古地理参考安志辉（2016）、Wang et al.（2020）和周晓峰等（2020）
Fig. 10. Paleogeographic reconstruction of West Hubei Province during the deposition of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation
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