Depositional Differentiation and Porvenance Analysis of Liantuo Formation in Neoproterozoic Rift Basin, Yangtze Block
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摘要: 扬子地块莲沱组及相当地层单元的划分和对比，一直是我国南华系（即Cryogenian）研究关键难题之一.新元古代裂谷盆地开启早期，构造-沉积分异作用，同裂谷相变很大，使得盆地边缘区地层序列不完整.过分依赖岩石地层单元对比，历存分歧，典型的就是关于莲沱组与板溪群地层对比、时代归属以及莲沱组的沉积环境问题.本文通过对扬子地块东南缘莲沱组沉积古环境分析和锆石U-Pb精确定年，认为莲沱组沉积时限为790~720 Ma，相当于板溪群中上部，是华南新元古代裂谷盆地沉积充填序列的第Ⅱ旋回.莲沱组顶部U-Pb最小年龄约720 Ma，制约了扬子地块Sturtian冰期的启动年龄≤720 Ma.通过对中扬子地块从北向南展布的莲沱组陆相-海陆过渡相-海相不同的沉积单元岩相组合的沉积特征观察研究，分析沉积环境并建立了沉积模式；莲沱组及休宁组碎屑锆石记录了莲沱组沉积时该盆地在780~760 Ma经历了持续热隆升与地层剥蚀，揭示了中国南方扬子和华夏地块聚合与裂解事件的重要信息.Abstract: The division and correlation of the Liantuo Formation and its equivalent stratigraphic units in the Mid-Yangtze block has been one of the key problems in study of the Nanhuan System (Cryogenian) in China. In the early stage of the Neoproterozoic rift basin, tectonic-sedimentary differentiation, which made the stratigraphic sequence of the basin margin incomplete. Due to the excessive reliance on the lithostratigraphic unit comparison, which are typically related to the stratigraphic correlation between the Liantuo Formation and the Banxi Group. The geochronology and paleoenvironment of the Liantuo Formation are still highly controversial. An integrated approach of facies analysis, paleogeography, and geochronology provides new insights into the sedimentology and paleogeography in the Precambrian. The Liantuo Formation was deposited ca. 790-720 Ma, which was equivalent to the Wuqiangxi Formation in the middle-upper part of the Banxi Group. Due to the uplift and subsidence of the earth's crust, the sea water gradually overflows from south to north. Different sedimentary units of the Liantuo Formation, continental, transitional and Marine facies, have been developed from north to south in the Mid-Yangtze block. Detrital zircons from the Liantuo and Xiuning formations record that the basin experienced continuous heat uplift and stratigraphic denudation in 780-760Ma during the deposition of the Liantuo Formation, which reveals the important information about the convergence and rift events of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in south China.
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图 1 扬子地块莲沱组沉积结构对比(a); 南华裂谷盆地及剖面位置(b)
Fig. 1. Stratigraphic column of Liantuo Formation in Yangtze block (a); distribution of Nanhua rift and the section in Yangtze block (b)
图 2 通山（a）和蓝田（b）区域地质及采样位置
Fig. 2. Geological map and the sampling location of Tongshan (a) and Lantian (b)
图 3 通山莲沱组碎屑锆石阴极发光图
Fig. 3. Representative cathodoluminescence images for Liantuo Formation samples of Tongshan area
图 4 蓝田休宁组碎屑锆石阴极发光图
Fig. 4. Representative cathodoluminescence images for Xiuning Formation samples of Lantian area
图 5 通山地区莲沱组碎屑锆石U-Pb谐合曲线图和碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄统计直方图
Fig. 5. Detrital zircon data U-Pb concordia diagrams and histogram of from the Liantuo Formation
图 6 蓝田地区休宁组碎屑锆石U-Pb谐合曲线图、碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄统计直方图
Fig. 6. Detrital zircon data U-Pb concordia diagrams and histogram of from the Xiuning Formation
图 7 莲沱组图版
a. 莲沱组与双桥山群接触关系；b. 莲沱组底部含砾石英砂岩；c. 莲沱组砾石叠瓦状排列；d. 莲沱组块状杂砾岩；e. 莲沱组斜层理，水流方向从左向右；f. 莲沱组石英砂岩发育平行层理；g. 莲沱组发育透镜状、波状潮汐层理；h.莲沱组灰绿色细粒沉积物
Fig. 7. Plate of Liantuo Formation
图 8 中扬子地块莲沱组沉积期古地理格局及沉积模式
Fig. 8. Schematic diagram illustrating the tectonic-sedimentary model of Liantuo Formation in Mid-Yangtze block
图 9 （a）莲沱组、休宁组样品锆石年龄谱；（b）2 000 Ma以来超大陆旋回与地幔柱喷发事件耦合图（Li et al., 2019）
Fig. 9. (a)Histogram of from the Liantuo and Xiuning formations; (b) Supercontinent cycle (Nuna, Rodinia and Pangaea) since 2 000 Ma ago, coupled to a slightly phase-shifted ~600 Ma plume frequency cycle(Li et al., 2019)
图 10 （a~c）北印度、南极洲、西澳大利亚新元古代地层锆石年谱曲线（Wang et al., 2018）；（d）扬子东缘沉积岩前寒武纪碎屑锆石年龄谱(李献华等，2012)；（e）莲沱组、休宁组样品锆石年龄谱
Fig. 10. (a~c)zircon U-Pb ages from this study and for other locations: northern India, Antarctica, western Australia(Wang et al., 2018); (d) Detrital zircon age histograms for Precambrian sedimentary form eastern Yangtze block(Li et al. 2012); (e) histogram of from the Liantuo and Xiuning formations
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