Paleoclimatic and Paleoenvironmental Changes Recorded by Elemental Geochemistry in the Northwestern South China Sea since the Past~55 ka
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摘要: 南海西北部的西沙碳酸盐台地北坡受到陆源和海洋自生物质的供应，蕴含丰富的气候变化信息.为探究该区域的古气候环境演变历史，选取长828 cm的SS7岩心，利用AMS14C测年以及有孔虫氧同位素建立该区域的年代学框架，并进行元素地球化学分析.该岩心底部年龄为~55 ka BP，沉积物的元素主要受到陆源碎屑输入、海洋自生作用、氧化还原条件、海洋化学沉积作用等因素的控制.碎屑组分元素比值K/Rb和K/Ti能用于反映源区地表化学风化程度，进而反映源区过去55 ka的东亚夏季风的演化.区域东亚夏季风在约40 ka BP明显减弱，且对Heinrich、新仙女木等北半球快速变冷的事件有明显地响应.过去55 ka的东亚夏季风，不仅受到北半球低纬度夏季日照辐射量的控制，还受到赤道太平洋大气动力(如太平洋沃克环流)的影响.Abstract: The north slope of Xisha carbonate platform in the northwestern South China Sea is supplied by land and marine biogenic materials, so the sediments contain abundant information on climate change. In order to explore the evolution history of paleoclimate and environment in this area, the 828 cm-long core SS7 was selected for elemental geochemical analysis in combination with the chronological framework established by the AMS14C and oxygen isotope of forams. The results show that the core age at bottom is~55 ka BP, and the elements within sediments are mainly controlled by the terrigenous clastic input, marine authigenesis, redox conditions, and marine chemical deposition. The K/Rb and K/Ti can be used to reflect the surface chemical weathering in the source area and the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) over the past 55 ka. The regional EASM apparently decreased at about 40 ka BP, and the decreases of K/Rb and K/Ti values responded to the rapidly cooling events in the northern hemisphere, including the Heinrich events and the Younger Drays. The EASM over the past 55 ka is not only controlled by the summer insolation in the low-latitude of the northern hemisphere, but also affected by the atmospheric dynamics in the equatorial Pacific (such as the Walker circulation in the Pacific).
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Key words:
- South China Sea /
- East Asian summer monsoon /
- elements /
- Xisha Islands /
- last glacial period /
- geochemistry
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图 1 SS7岩心位置及周边地形
底图来源于自然资源部数据服务栏目，审图号：GS(2016)2891号
Fig. 1. Location of the studied core SS7 and surrounding topography
图 5 元素或氧化物的主成分1和主成分2的荷载关系
Fig. 5. Relationships between the loading of principal components 1 and 2 of the elements or oxides
图 6 SS7岩心的元素比值与区域和全球气候变化的对比
a. SS7岩心的沉积速率；b. 全球相对海平面，据Rohling et al. (2009)；c. K/Rb；d. K/Ti；e. 湖光岩玛珥湖的热带季雨林孢粉含量，据Mingram et al. (2004)；f. 湖光岩玛珥湖木本/草本木质素比值，据Fuhrmann et al. (2003)；g. 亚洲季风区平均有效湿度，据Herzschuh (2006)；h. 黄土高原蓝田剖面磁化率，据Liu et al. (2005)；i. 印度尼西亚Towuti湖的叶蜡正构烷烃碳同位素，据Russell et al. (2014)；j. 热带太平洋东、西部的表层海水温度差，据Dyez and Ravelo (2014)；k. 北纬30°夏季日照辐射量，据Berger and Loutre (1991)；l. 华南石笋氧同位素，据Dykoski et al. (2005)、Wang et al. (2001)；m. 格陵兰岛冰心GISP2的氧同位素，据Dansgaard et al. (1993)
Fig. 6. Comparison of elemental ratios with regional and global climate change
表 1 SS7岩心元素和氧化物的主成分分析结果
Table 1. Principal component analysis of elements and oxides of core SS7
元素/氧化物 成分1 成分2 成分3 元素/氧化物 成分1 成分2 成分3 CaO -0.984 -0.061 -0.097 Ta 0.841 0.097 0.073 SiO2 0.981 -0.057 -0.049 MgO 0.795 -0.556 0.143 TiO2 0.977 -0.137 -0.026 Co 0.712 -0.125 0.608 Sr -0.976 -0.048 0.037 Pb 0.588 0.361 0.397 LOI -0.970 0.201 -0.011 Ba -0.577 0.432 0.318 Al2O3 0.964 0.110 0.155 P2O5 0.023 -0.888 0.122 Ga 0.963 -0.065 0.192 TOC -0.390 0.849 -0.161 Rb 0.962 -0.061 0.228 Li 0.191 0.829 0.231 Sc 0.942 -0.165 0.221 Na2O -0.020 0.791 0.043 Nb 0.941 0.164 0.058 W 0.224 0.785 0.074 Cs 0.936 -0.230 0.218 Cu 0.025 0.780 0.275 Fe2O3 0.931 -0.210 0.260 MnO 0.278 -0.777 0.231 V 0.910 -0.001 0.259 U -0.290 0.716 0.083 K2O 0.897 -0.374 0.072 Zn 0.254 -0.125 0.868 Zr 0.891 -0.158 -0.263 Ni 0.007 0.414 0.815 Th 0.848 0.222 0.317 方差（%） 58.62 19.77 6.94 Cr 0.844 -0.258 0.118 累积方差（%） 58.62 78.39 85.33 
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