北祁连水洞峡蛇绿岩形成时代与构造环境

郭晶; 李云帅; 张建新; 路增龙

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2020.176

北祁连水洞峡蛇绿岩形成时代与构造环境

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2020.176

郭晶^1, ,,
李云帅^2, , ,,
张建新³,
路增龙³

1.
山西大同大学建筑与测绘工程学院, 山西大同 037001
2.
天津大学地球系统科学学院, 表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072
3.
中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037

基金项目:

中国地质调查局项目 12120115027001

详细信息

作者简介:
郭晶（1989-），女，讲师，矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业，研究方向为岩石学.ORCID: 0000-0001-9093-7232. E-mail: guojing5322@126.com

通讯作者:
李云帅, ORCID: 0000-0002-3618-5890.E-mail: liyunshuai@tju.edu.cn

中图分类号: P581
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-27
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-15

Age and Tectonic Affinity of Shuidongxia Ophiolite in North Qilian Orogen

Guo Jing^{1
,
,},
Li Yunshuai^{2
, ,
,},
Zhang Jianxin³,
Lu Zenglong³

1.
College of Architectural and Surveying Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037001, China
2.
School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
3.
Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China

摘要

摘要: 蛇绿岩的时空关系与构造归属是深入认识俯冲带演化和重建古板块构造格局的关键地质依据之一.水洞峡蛇绿岩作为北祁连南带蛇绿岩东段的重要组成部分，其形成时代和构造环境一直缺乏准确的限定.采用LA-ICP-MS对水洞峡蛇绿岩中的辉长岩进行了锆石U-Pb测年，所获得的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为497.0±2.4 Ma（MSWD=0.84），该年龄代表了辉长岩的结晶年龄，表明水洞峡蛇绿岩的形成时代应该为晚寒武世，这与祁连南带蛇绿岩的形成时代基本一致.蛇纹岩的矿物化学特征以及镁铁质-超镁铁质岩的全岩地球化学研究结果表明，水洞峡蛇绿岩中的蛇纹岩、辉长岩和玄武岩均表现出明显的与俯冲带密切相关的地球化学特征.结合北祁连已有的研究资料，玉石沟-水洞峡蛇绿岩应该属于SSZ型，该蛇绿岩在弧-陆碰撞过程中向南仰冲到中祁连地块之上.
- 锆石U-Pb定年 /
- SSZ型 /
- 水洞峡蛇绿岩 /
- 北祁连 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: The spatial relationship and tectonic affinity of the ophiolite can provide key evidence for the evolution of the subduction zone and paleo-tectonic reconstruction. Ophiolite in Shuidongxia is an important part of the southern belt of the North Qilian orogen, however, the age and tectonic setting are poorly constrained. Zircon grains from the gabbro yield a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age 497.0±2.4 Ma (MSWD=0.84), indicating the Shuidongxia ophiolite formed in the Late Cambrian, which is consistent with the ages of ophiolites in the southern belt of the North Qilian orogen. The mineralogical characteristics as well as the whole-rock geochemistry of gabbro, serpentinite and basalt suggest that the Shuidongxia ophiolites are closely related to subduction zone. Combined with the regional geology of the North Qilian orogen, it is suggested that the Yushigou-Shuidongxia ophiolite belongs to SSZ-type and obducted southward onto the central Qilian block during the arc-continent collision.
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- SSZ-type /
- Shuidongxia ophiolite /
- North Qilian orogen /
- geochemistry

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图 1 祁连造山带地质图(a)以及水洞峡地质简图(b)

a.据Fu et al.(2018, 2019)；b.据黄增保等(2010)

Fig. 1. Geological map of Qilian orogenic belt (a) and simplified geological map of Shuidongxia (b)

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图 2 水洞峡蛇绿岩野外露头照片(a, b)和岩相学照片(c~f)

Spl.尖晶石; Srp.蛇纹石; Chr.铬铁矿; Cpx.辉石; Amp.角闪石; Pl.斜长石; Bt.黑云母

Fig. 2. Photographs of field occurrences (a, b) and microscopic textures (c-f) of the Shuidongxia ophiolite

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图 3 水洞峡蛇纹岩中尖晶石的Mg^#-Cr^# (a)和Al₂O₃-TiO₂图解(b)

据Kamenetsky et al.(2001)

Fig. 3. Plots of Mg^#-Cr^# (a) and Al₂O₃-TiO₂ (b) for the spinel from the serpentinite in Shuidongxia

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图 4 水洞峡辉长岩锆石CL图像(a)和U-Pb年龄谐和图(b~c)

Fig. 4. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images (a) and U-Pb concordia diagram (b-c) of zircons from gabbro in Shuidongxia

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图 5 水洞峡辉长岩和玄武岩Nb/Y-Zr/Ti(a)和SiO₂-FeO^T/MgO(b)图解

a.据Pearce(1996)；b.据Miyashiro(1974)

Fig. 5. Nb/Y-Zr/Ti plot (a) and SiO₂-FeO^T/MgO plot (b) of gabbro and basalt in Shuidongxia

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图 6 水洞峡辉长岩、蛇纹岩和玄武岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线(a, c)和微量元素蛛网图(b, d)

球粒陨石、原始地幔和N-MORB值据Sun and McDonough(1989)；弧前橄榄岩据Pearce et al. (2000)

Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE diagrams (a, c) and spider diagrams (b, d) of gabbro, basalt and serpentinite in the Shuidongxia

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图 7 水洞峡辉长岩‒玄武岩不同元素相关性图解

Fig. 7. Correlation diagrams of different elements for gabbro-basalt from Shuidongxia

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图 8 水洞峡玄武岩Th/Yb-Nb/Yb(a)和Hf/3-Th-Ta(b)构造判别图解

a.据Pearce(2003)；b.据Wood(1980)

Fig. 8. Th/Yb-Nb/Yb (a) and Hf/3-Th-Ta (b) diagrams of basalt in Shuidongxia

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表 1 北祁连水洞峡蛇纹岩中尖晶石电子探针分析结果

Table 1. Representative electron microprobe analyses of spinel in serpentinite from Shuidongxia, North Qilian orogen

样品	DL13-2.1				DL13-2.2
SiO₂	0	0	0.04	0	0.01	0	0	0	0.01
TiO₂	0.15	0.19	0.08	0.09	0.13	0.18	0.17	0.09	0.16
Al₂O₃	16.29	15.85	16.15	16.74	15.73	15.67	15.98	15.85	16.45
Cr₂O₃	49.86	49.73	49.92	49.43	49.27	49.13	49.63	49.22	49.57
FeO	23.80	24.51	23.58	23.12	24.26	25.37	24.24	24.22	24.10
MnO	0.40	0.41	0.42	0.39	0.38	0.39	0.39	0.38	0.37
MgO	9.50	9.61	9.71	10.29	9.99	9.44	9.42	9.52	9.59
Na₂O	0.01	0.02	0	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.01	0	0.01
K₂O	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0.01	0	0	0
P₂O₅	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01
NiO	0.04	0.04	0	0.10	0.08	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.02
ZnO	0.19	0.16	0.09	0.05	0.05	0.17	0.17	0.10	0.19
Total	100.25	100.51	100.02	100.24	99.93	100.43	100.05	99.44	100.47
Si	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ti	0.01	0	0	0	0	0	0.01	0	0.01
Al	0.61	0.60	0.60	0.62	0.59	0.59	0.60	0.60	0.62
Cr	1.27	1.26	1.28	1.25	1.26	1.25	1.27	1.27	1.27
Fe³⁺	0.11	0.13	0.11	0.12	0.15	0.15	0.12	0.13	0.12
Fe²⁺	0.53	0.52	0.52	0.49	0.51	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.53
Mn	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Mg	0.45	0.46	0.47	0.49	0.48	0.45	0.45	0.46	0.46
Na	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
K	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
P	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ni	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cr^#	67.58	68.03	67.85	66.69	67.69	67.83	67.75	67.72	67.24
Mg^#	46.11	46.64	46.98	49.74	48.61	45.90	45.85	46.52	46.27
Al^#	30.69	29.84	30.41	31.28	29.81	29.64	30.29	30.12	30.87
Fe^#	5.47	6.64	5.53	6.13	7.29	7.43	5.99	6.39	5.79
Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺	4.90	3.97	4.78	4.03	3.57	3.69	4.50	4.27	4.61
注：氧化物单位为%.

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表 2 北祁连水洞峡辉长岩(DL13-1.1)锆石U-Pb定年数据

Table 2. Zircon U-Pb data (DL13-1.1) of gabbro from Shuidongxia, North Qilian orogen

点号	Pb (10^-6)	U (10^-6)	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁸Pb/ ²³²Th	1σ	²³²Th/ ²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ
1	7	91	0.080 1	0.000 9	0.651 8	0.021 1	0.059 0	0.001 9	0.026 0	0.000 6	0.392 3	0.001 5	497	6	510	17	567	71
2	13	157	0.080 2	0.000 9	0.654 4	0.015 0	0.059 2	0.001 3	0.026 8	0.000 4	0.419 0	0.002 8	497	5	511	12	574	48
3	6	76	0.079 3	0.000 8	0.643 0	0.019 6	0.058 8	0.001 7	0.030 9	0.000 8	0.405 0	0.003 8	492	5	504	15	560	63
4	7	77	0.081 3	0.000 9	0.659 1	0.021 0	0.058 8	0.001 8	0.030 0	0.000 7	0.470 2	0.000 6	504	6	514	16	559	68
5	9	108	0.080 3	0.000 9	0.642 5	0.016 3	0.058 0	0.001 5	0.027 3	0.000 4	0.489 2	0.003 3	498	5	504	13	531	57
6	8	95	0.080 2	0.000 9	0.658 7	0.016 3	0.059 6	0.001 4	0.027 7	0.000 6	0.399 9	0.001 6	497	6	514	13	588	52
7	10	122	0.080 6	0.000 8	0.651 2	0.016 3	0.058 6	0.001 4	0.027 8	0.000 3	0.508 0	0.003 0	500	5	509	13	553	53
8	5	65	0.080 7	0.000 9	0.660 2	0.026 1	0.059 4	0.002 4	0.027 4	0.000 9	0.381 8	0.005 9	500	6	515	20	580	87
9	9	109	0.078 7	0.000 9	0.646 9	0.017 6	0.059 6	0.001 5	0.029 3	0.001 0	0.379 5	0.003 7	489	5	507	14	589	54
10	6	71	0.081 7	0.000 9	0.647 0	0.025 2	0.057 5	0.002 3	0.028 2	0.000 9	0.295 9	0.000 9	506	6	507	20	509	89
11	12	146	0.078 9	0.000 8	0.631 0	0.013 1	0.058 0	0.001 2	0.026 1	0.000 4	0.355 2	0.001 6	490	5	497	10	528	45
12	11	125	0.080 3	0.000 9	0.640 3	0.014 6	0.057 8	0.001 3	0.026 7	0.000 3	0.506 8	0.002 3	498	5	502	11	522	49
13	9	110	0.078 9	0.000 8	0.622 5	0.016 4	0.057 2	0.001 5	0.026 6	0.000 4	0.563 8	0.002 4	489	5	491	13	501	56
14	6	74	0.080 2	0.000 9	0.669 8	0.023 4	0.060 6	0.002 1	0.026 5	0.000 5	0.504 9	0.005 1	497	5	521	18	624	74
15	8	106	0.080 0	0.000 9	0.614 5	0.016 8	0.055 7	0.001 5	0.025 4	0.000 6	0.284 7	0.001 4	496	5	486	13	440	60
16	17	195	0.081 1	0.000 9	0.655 6	0.012 2	0.058 6	0.001 0	0.028 2	0.000 4	0.468 2	0.002 8	503	6	512	10	553	39
17	6	66	0.081 5	0.000 9	0.628 9	0.024 4	0.056 0	0.002 2	0.027 9	0.000 8	0.360 8	0.001 9	505	6	495	19	451	86
18	16	178	0.080 3	0.000 9	0.669 8	0.013 1	0.060 5	0.001 1	0.027 3	0.000 4	0.562 3	0.004 6	498	6	521	10	622	41
19	7	84	0.079 7	0.000 9	0.659 4	0.022 4	0.060 0	0.002 1	0.027 2	0.000 5	0.502 0	0.003 2	495	5	514	17	603	74
20	11	129	0.079 4	0.000 9	0.668 7	0.016 0	0.061 0	0.001 4	0.026 9	0.000 5	0.517 7	0.006 5	493	6	520	12	641	48
注：氧化物单位为%.

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表 3 北祁连水洞峡蛇纹岩、辉长岩、玄武岩的主量元素(%)和微量元素(10^-6)分析结果

Table 3. Major (%) and trace (10^-6) elements of different blocks from Shuidongxia, North Qilian orogen

	蛇纹岩			辉长岩			玄武岩
样品	DL13-2.1	DL13-2.2	DL13-2.3	DL13-1.1	DL13-1.2	DL13-1.3	DL13-3.1	DL13-3.2	DL13-3.3
SiO₂	34.60	34.56	34.42	51.78	51.24	51.62	48.37	46.79	46.06
TiO₂	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.61	0.74	0.57	2.09	2.09	2.04
Al₂O₃	0.12	0.40	0.26	13.25	13.59	12.80	15.28	14.61	13.99
Fe₂O₃	4.78	4.65	4.78	2.50	2.80	2.48	7.89	9.54	8.61
FeO	2.11	2.09	2.17	6.81	6.80	7.35	4.16	2.85	2.53
MnO	0.11	0.13	0.12	0.19	0.19	0.21	0.12	0.13	0.12
MgO	39.22	39.03	38.85	8.41	8.13	8.67	4.04	4.00	5.46
CaO	0.70	0.45	0.87	9.78	9.57	9.69	5.21	6.56	7.51
Na₂O	0.04	0.04	0.04	3.22	3.43	3.08	4.99	4.58	4.50
K₂O	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.54	0.54	0.66	0.79	1.04	0.98
P₂O₅	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.36	0.38	0.46
LOI	18.23	18.38	18.35	1.86	2.00	1.63	5.88	6.62	6.87
Total	99.95	99.77	99.90	99.02	99.11	98.83	99.18	99.19	99.13
Mg^#	91.69	91.81	91.54	62.56	61.12	61.96	39.26	38.67	48.92
FeO^T	6.40	6.27	6.46	9.06	9.31	9.58	11.25	11.42	10.26
FeO^T/MgO	0.16	0.16	0.17	1.08	1.15	1.10	2.78	2.86	1.88
Li	0.54	0.33	0.40	3.19	4.47	3.00	15.63	15.79	15.20
Cr	1 935	2 287	2 028	312	298	304	60	147	223
V	3.54	13.69	9.24	255	243	253	330	295	258
Ni	2 139	2 251	214	76	79	75	35	87	144
Pb	0.66	0.47	0.53	2.26	2.13	2.21	3.97	3.87	4.01
Cs	0.03	0.03	0.03	1.91	1.56	1.97	1.64	2.34	2.93
Rb	0.22	0.16	0.17	10.84	10.61	12.45	10.97	15.24	17.20
Sr	6.06	3.54	6.74	283.58	280.52	295.00	365.50	366.14	443.67
Ba	2.33	1.58	2.07	150.42	162.95	254.83	374.00	288.86	463.33
Th	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.37	0.40	0.34	1.86	1.98	1.94
U	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.12	0.12	0.10	0.93	0.79	0.75
Nb	0.04	0.04	0.04	1.41	1.28	1.42	5.55	5.68	5.07
Ta	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.18	0.23	0.11	0.35	0.33	0.29
Zr	0.28	0.26	0.26	36.6	46.5	26.53	162.00	158.00	167.00
Hf	0.01	0.01	0.01	1.10	1.38	0.92	4.76	4.54	4.65
La	0.06	0.04	0.05	3.22	4.04	3.23	20.13	21.73	29.97
Ce	0.11	0.08	0.09	7.80	9.75	7.60	45.45	47.53	61.80
Pr	0.02	0.011	0.01	1.11	1.39	1.09	5.80	6.09	7.77
Nd	0.08	0.06	0.07	5.45	6.83	5.31	24.60	25.54	32.03
Sm	0.02	0.01	0.02	1.67	2.07	1.68	5.90	5.83	6.57
Eu	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.59	0.72	0.59	1.86	1.80	2.01
Gd	0.02	0.02	0.02	2.20	2.72	2.20	6.50	6.21	6.60
Tb	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.38	0.48	0.38	1.14	1.06	1.04
Dy	0.03	0.02	0.03	2.60	3.17	2.66	6.67	5.93	5.52
Ho	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.55	0.69	0.57	1.43	1.24	1.11
Er	0.03	0.02	0.02	1.68	2.09	1.72	4.19	3.56	3.02
Tm	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.24	0.29	0.24	0.65	0.55	0.45
Yb	0.04	0.03	0.04	1.53	1.90	1.58	3.95	3.29	2.66
Lu	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.24	0.30	0.25	0.62	0.51	0.41
Y	0.23	0.15	0.22	14.50	18.04	14.46	35.27	33.8	37.9
δEu	0.81	1.34	1.05	0.93	0.93	0.93	0.92	0.92	0.93
(La/Yb)_N	1.13	1.36	1.10	1.10	1.22	1.02	4.25	6.66	10.89
REE	0.44	0.30	0.38	29.25	36.41	29.11	128.89	130.87	160.96
LREE/HREE	2.12	2.22	1.94	1.62	1.77	1.57	4.34	5.42	7.37

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参考文献(66)

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