Experimental Analysis on Influence of Plastic Formation on Characteristics of Fault Development under Extensional Stress
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摘要: 为了探讨塑性层在伸展型构造反转过程中对构造格局及断裂特征的影响规律，设计了两组具有不同岩石性质的伸展砂箱模型进行物理模拟.实验结果表明：在相同的伸展应力作用下，相对纯石英砂岩区，塑性地层的存在导致断层发育的时间更早，并且断层的断距及延伸长度更大；塑性地层的存在也可以影响断裂的发育格局，更容易形成滑脱型断层.在伸展型构造反转过程中，塑性地层主要起2个方面的作用：（1）塑性层上部形成断层的规模相对较大，而脆性地层上部趋向于形成多条断层，规模相对小；（2）塑性层上部与边界拆离断层倾向相反的断层数量和规模明显大于倾向相同的断层，揭示了塑性层对与边界拆离断层相同倾向断层的抑制作用.将模拟结果与北部湾盆地乌石凹陷东洼的类似构造进行对比，表明塑性地层的存在对伸展型反转构造断裂发育具有很大的影响，这将对该地区构造的深入认识及下一步油气勘探提供新的依据.Abstract: In order to discuss the influence of plastic layer on the structural pattern and fault characteristics in the process of extensional structural inversion, Two sets of extensional sandbox models with different physical properties are designed. Experiment results indicate that the existence of plastic formation in relatively pure quartz sandstone areas leads to the earlier occurrence time of fault, and larger fault distance and extension length under the action of the same extension stress. In the process of extension and inversion, the existence of plastic strata can change the structural pattern of faults, and it is easier to form plastic detachment faults, which plays two main roles. (1) The scale of faults in the upper part of the plastic layer is relatively large, while that in the upper part of the brittle layer tends to form multiple faults with relatively small scale. (2) The number and scale of the faults in the upper part of the plastic layer with opposite tendency to the boundary detachment faults are obviously larger than those with the same tendency, which shows that the plastic layer can restrain the faults with the same tendency as the boundary detachment faults. Therefore, compared with the eastern area of Wushi depression, the existence of plastic strata has a great influence on the characteristics of the development of extensional reverse structural faults, which can provide the necessary theoretical basis for the later oil and gas exploration.
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Key words:
- plastic formation /
- fault /
- inverted structure /
- physical simulation /
- sandbox experiment /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 乌石凹陷始新世流沙港组二段顶面断裂体系纲要图
Fig. 1. Fracture system of the second member of the Eocene Liushagang Formation in Wushi depression
图 2 乌石凹陷典型地震剖面图
a.乌石凹陷东洼南北向剖面；b.乌石凹陷西洼北北西‒南南东剖面.比例尺见图 1
Fig. 2. Typical seismic profile of east-west sag in Wushi depression
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