Classification of Paleogene Source-to-Sink System and Its Petroleum Geological Significance in Zhuyi Depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 珠一坳陷深层古近系两套优质生烃层系内发育的储层具有近源成藏的优势，但其非均质性强、低孔渗的特点制约了油气勘探，研究与此直接相关的“源-汇”系统，对于寻找富烃优储耦合的有利区意义重大.以构造运动和盆山地貌为基础，结合断陷湖盆以半地堑为基本单元的结构特点，划分了盆地级、半地堑级和区带级的三级“源-汇”系统.盆地级分为外源、内源型两类，可用来宏观分析优质烃源岩分布；半地堑级分为陡坡、缓坡和长轴型3类，对于定性评价储层优劣具有较大意义；区带级分为迁移型、转换型、稳定型3类，为有利区目标评价和井点选择提供参考.研究认为迁移型和转换型“源-汇”系统可形成良好的生储盖配置，是最为有利的油气富集区，应作为古近系重点勘探对象.Abstract: The reservoirs developed in the two sets of high-quality hydrocarbon-generating layers in the deep Paleogene of the Zhuyi depression have the advantages of near-source accumulation, but their characteristics of strong heterogeneity, low porosity and permeability have restricted oil and gas exploration. The directly related source-to-sink system is of great significance for finding a favorable area for coupling of hydrocarbon-rich and optimal reservoirs. Based on the influence of regional tectonic movements, and combining the structural characteristics of the rift lake basin with the semi-submarine ridge as its basic unit, source-to-sink system is divided into three levels of basin-level, half-graben-level, and zone-level. Basin-level source-to-sink system is further divided into external and internal source types, which can be used to analyze the distribution of high-quality source rocks; half-graben-level source-to-sink system is further classified into steep slopes, gentle slopes, and long-axis types, which is of great significance to qualitative evaluation of reservoir quality; zone-level source-to-sink system is further divided into three types of migration, conversion, and stability, which provides a good reference for target evaluation and well selection in favorable areas. It is considered that migration-type and conversion-type source-to-sink system can form a good configuration of high-quality source rocks and reservoirs, and are the most favorable oil and gas enrichment areas, which should be the focus of Paleogene exploration.
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图 2 古近纪构造事件与周缘板块活动关系(据施和生等，2020)
Fig. 2. Relationship between Paleogene tectonic events and peripheral plate activity
图 3 珠一坳陷古近系盆地级“源-汇”系统类型划分
Fig. 3. Classification of Paleogene basin-level source-to-sink system in the Zhuyi depression
图 5 古近系半地堑级“源-汇”系统类型划分
Fig. 5. Type division of Paleogene half-graben-level source-to-sink system
图 6 珠一坳陷古近系沉积体系典型地震剖面
a.陆丰陡坡带沉积体系地震相特征; b.陆丰缓坡带沉积体系地震相特征; c.陆丰长轴带沉积体系地震相特征
Fig. 6. Typical sections of the Paleogene in the Zhuyi depression
图 7 陆丰南地区古近系迁移型“源-汇”系统特征
a.文昌组上段；b.文昌组下段
Fig. 7. Characteristics of Paleogene migration source-to-sink system
图 9 陆丰地区LF14-a井文昌组取芯综合柱状图
取心深度4 155.13~4 173.77 m; 进尺：18.64 m; 岩心长：18.64 m; 收获率：100%；比例尺：1∶50
Fig. 9. Comprehensive histogram of coring in Wenchang Formation of LF14-a well in Lufeng area
图 10 古近系转换型“源-汇”系统特征
Fig. 10. Characteristics of Paleogene transitional source-to-sink system
图 11 惠州地区HZ25-b井文昌组取心综合柱状图
取心深度: 3 753.60~3 761.26 m; 进尺：7.66 m; 岩心长：5.88 m; 收获率：76.76%；比例尺：1∶50
Fig. 11. Comprehensive histogram of core taking in Wenchang Formation of well HZ25-b in Huizhou area
图 12 西江30、西江36洼物源供给条件对比
Fig. 12. Comparison of material supply conditions between Xijiang 30 and Xijiang 36
表 1 珠一坳陷古近系“源-汇”系统分类
Table 1. Classification of Paleogene source-to-sink system in the Zhuyi depression
级别 类型 基本特征 石油地质意义 分类依据 成因联系 盆地级 外源型 物源区位于盆地或凹陷外部，物源充沛，由四周向中央低谷汇聚，沉积类型多样 对宏观评价烃源岩有一定指导意义，外源型影响较大的洼陷生烃条件一般较差，受物源影响较弱的洼陷易于形成优质烃源岩 盆山地貌对物源背景的影响 ①三级分类方案从大到小，相互独立又互为补充，能够覆盖全区，满足不同级次的评价需求；②八种类型“源-汇”系统各具特色，对成烃、成储及油气成藏等研究有指导意义；③半地堑作为断陷盆地的基本结构单元，上承宏观尺度的盆地单元，下启中小尺度的区带单元 内源型 物源区位于盆地或凹陷内部，物源受内部隆起控制，由中央向四周低谷搬运，沉积体系规模相对较小 半地堑级 陡坡型 陡坡带坡度大、充填快，砂体淘洗改造程度有限，多形成局限分布的扇体 对定性评价储层有一定指导意义，陡坡型储层物性一般较差，缓坡型储层条件相对较好，长轴型易于形成大型的优质储层 半地堑边界对沉积体系的影响 缓坡型 缓坡地形较缓，砂体分选磨圆更为充分，多形成广泛展布的辫状河三角洲沉积体系 长轴型 长轴带由陡坡断层和缓坡地形挟持构成，易形成长源河搬运，以长源河三角洲沉积体系为主 区带级 迁移型 物源供给和沉积体系随构造转换发生迁移变化，发育多套生储盖组合，优质储层易叠合连片 对勘探的选区选点有一定指导意义.迁移型源汇系统具有好的勘探条件，转换型源汇系统次之，是目前深层古近系重点勘探的两种类型 构造活动对源-汇变化的影响 转换型 由两组断裂错开排列形成搬运沟谷，接受多物源、长物源汇聚，储集层非均质性较强 稳定型 受构造活动影响相对较弱、且没有明显组合特征.(将迁移型和转换型之外的区带全划归稳定型) 
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表 2 惠州25转换带不同地区储层物性条件对比
Table 2. Comparison of reservoir physical conditions in different areas of Huizhou 25 transition zone
层段 物性/岩性/距离 HZ25-a HZ25-b HZ25-c HZ25-d HZ25-e 惠州25转换带文昌组 平均孔隙度(%) 10.0 11.9 12.9 13.0 10.1 平均渗透率(10-3 μm2) 0.90 0.89 2.49 5.37 13.55 岩性描述 含砾粗砂岩-粗砂岩-中砂岩 粗砂岩-中砂岩-细砂岩 中砂岩-细砂岩 含砾粗砂岩-粗砂岩-中砂岩 中砂岩-细砂岩 总搬运距离(km) 11.9 12.7 13.1 14.1 18.9
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