Rift-Sag Structure of Cretaceous Intracontinental Compressional Basin in Yichang Slope of Middle Yangtze Block
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摘要: 宜昌斜坡残留的白垩系盆地是认识中扬子地块白垩纪构造演化的一个窗口.基于对白垩系露头的构造-沉积特征的观察，并结合二维地震剖面的构造-地层解释，厘定了宜昌斜坡白垩系盆地的构造属性和沉积充填特征，构建了白垩系陆内挤压盆地的挤压断-坳结构.宜昌斜坡白垩系盆地是由天阳坪逆冲断裂带控制的陆内挤压盆地.下白垩统盆地为同造山期的挤压断陷，充填有扇三角洲-湖泊沉积体系；上白垩统盆地为后造山期的挤压坳陷，充填了冲积扇-辫状河-风成-浅水含膏湖泊沉积体系.宜昌斜坡和湘鄂西弧形带的上白垩统盆地属于陆内挤压盆地的挤压坳陷，揭示中扬子地块由挤压向伸展构造体制转换的起始时间是新生代.Abstract: The residual Cretaceous basin of the Yichang slope is a window to understand the Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Middle Yangtze block. Based on the observation of tectonic-sedimentary features of the Cretaceous outcrops and combined with the tectonic-stratigraphic interpretation of two-dimensional seismic profiles, the tectonic properties and sedimentary filling of the Cretaceous basin of Yichang slope are identified, and the compressional rift-sag structure of the Cretaceous intracontinental compressional basin is established. The Cretaceous basin of Yichang slope was an intracontinental compressional basin controlled by Tianyangping thrust fault zone. The Lower Cretaceous basin was a compressional rift that had developed during synorogenic period, which was filled with fan delta-lacustrine sedimentary systems, and the Upper Cretaceous basin was a compressional sag that had developed during post-orogenic period and was filled with alluvial fan-braided river-aeolian-shallow lacustrine sedimentary systems. The Upper Cretaceous basin of the Yichang slope and western Hunan-Hubei arcuate fold-thrust belts belong to the compressional sag of the intracontinental compressional basin, which reveals that the initial time of the transition from compressional to extensional tectonic regime in the Middle Yangtze block should be at the Cenozoic.
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图 1 宜昌斜坡区域地质简图和白垩系露头位置
据中华人民共和国地质图 1∶200 000宜昌幅和长阳幅简化; Ftyp. 天阳坪逆冲断裂带；Fxns. 仙女山断裂带；Fwdh. 雾渡河断裂带；Ftl. 郯庐断裂带
Fig. 1. Regional geological map of the Yichang slope and locations of Cretaceous outcrops
图 2 露头点OC1下白垩统石门组扇三角洲平原岩相类型
OC1A.混杂堆积的青灰色厚‒巨厚层状块状粗砾岩岩相（FA01）；OC1B.青灰色透镜状块状粗砾岩岩相（FA02）；OC1C.砖红色厚层状块状泥质粉砂岩岩相（FA03）
Fig. 2. Lithofacies types of fan delta plain of the Lower Cretaceous Shimen Formation at the outcrop OC1
图 3 露头点OC2下白垩统五龙组扇三角洲平原岩相类型
OC1.混杂堆积的泥石流中砾岩；OC2.冲刷面之上为中砾岩‒粗砂岩，之下为泥质粉砂岩
Fig. 3. Lithofacies types of fan delta plain of the Lower Cretaceous Wulong Formation at the outcrop OC2
图 4 露头点OC3天阳坪逆冲断裂带地层结构特征
OC3A.下白垩统五龙组混杂堆积的厚‒巨厚层状块状粗砾岩岩相（FA01）；OC3B.上白垩统罗镜滩组巨厚层状砾石定向构造的中‒粗砾岩岩相（FA06）
Fig. 4. Stratigraphic structure of Tianyangping thrust fault zone at the outcrop OC3
图 5 露头点OC4红花套组风成砂岩的高角度前积交错层理
OC4A.前积纹层；OC4B.前积层系相互截切；红色箭头指示古近系与红花套组不整合面
Fig. 5. High-angle foreset cross-bedding of eolian sandstones of the Honghuatao Formation at the outcrop OC4
图 6 露头点OC4红花套组风成砂岩薄片照片和粒度曲线特征
Qtz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Lm.褐铁矿；Cal.方解石
Fig. 6. Thin-section photographs and probability cumulative grain-size curves of eolian sandstone of the Honghuatao Formation at the outcrop OC4
图 7 露头点OC5上白垩统与下志留统角度不整合
Fig. 7. Angular unconformity between the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Silurian at the outcrop OC5
图 8 露头点OC6A下白垩统五龙组扇三角洲前缘‒前扇三角洲
OC6-1.水下分流河道冲刷面‒滞留外源砾‒大型槽状交错层理；OC6-2.水下分流河道冲刷面‒滞留泥砾‒大型槽状交错层理；OC6-3.水下分流河道冲刷面‒大型槽状交错层理含砾粗砂岩，冲刷面之下为粉砂质泥岩；OC6-4.水下分流河道大型槽状交错层理粗砂岩；OC6-5.水下分流河道上部平行层理中砂岩；OC6-6.厚层状块状紫红色粉砂质泥岩夹灰白色细砂岩，见波痕和波状交错层理；FA08-FA11见正文解释
Fig. 8. Fan delta front and pro-fan delta of the Lower Cretaceous Wulong Formation at the outcrop OC6A
图 9 露头点OC6B下白垩统五龙组扇三角洲前缘
OC6B-1.水下分流河道滞留泥砾和小型槽状交错层理；OC6B-2.水下分流河道内撕裂状的炭屑沿大型槽状交错层理展布
Fig. 9. Fan delta front of the Lower Cretaceous Wulong Formation at the outcrop OC6B
图 10 伸展盆地与挤压盆地的断‒坳结构
Fig. 10. Compressional rift-sag structure of extensional and compressional basins
图 11 宜昌斜坡二维地震剖面A构造‒地层格架解释
剖面位置见图 1
Fig. 11. 2D seismic interpretation of tectonic-stratigraphic framework on the Yichang slope
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