Detrital Zircons of 3.8 Ga in Southwestern Yangtze Block and Its Geological Implications
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摘要: 古老锆石和岩石的发现，是探索地球早期地质演化的关键.为进一步揭示扬子陆块基底物质组成和早期地壳形成演化，采用LA-ICP-MS锆石微区U-Pb测年，对扬子陆块西南缘禄丰地区东川群变质砂岩进行了年代学研究，发现3 822±21 Ma的古老碎屑锆石.这是目前在扬子陆块获得的第2颗>3.8 Ga的古老锆石，也是目前在该地区发现的最老锆石.变质砂岩碎屑物质主要包括4个峰值年龄（~2 320 Ma、~2 162 Ma、~2 036 Ma和~1 915 Ma），2颗最年轻的锆石年龄基本限定了东川群早期最大沉积时限，与区域上火山岩时代相吻合.另外还包含少量中-晚太古代（2.6~2.9 Ga）和始太古代（3.7~3.8 Ga）的碎屑物质.Hf同位素组成显示这些碎屑锆石具有不同成因，其中2 674~3 822 Ma的碎屑锆石总体具有正的εHf（t）值和2.9~3.9 Ga的两阶段模式年龄，暗示扬子陆块在冥古宙-古太古代时期就有一定规模的新生陆壳分布.古元古代（1.9~2.4 Ga）的岩浆活动除有少量古元古代（2.3~2.4 Ga）新生地壳组分熔融外，大多为太古宙（2.5~3.7 Ga）古老地壳部分熔融.中元古代更多表现为古老地壳的熔融和物质再循环.研究结果为深化扬子陆块早前寒武纪地质演化认识提供了新资料.Abstract: Discovery of ancient zircons and rocks is the key to exploring the early geological evolution of the earth. In order to further decipher the basement material composition and early crustal formation and evolution of the Yangtze Block, it conducted the chronological study on the metamorphic sandstone of the Dongchuan Group in the Lufeng area of southwestern Yangtze Block with LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, and the detrital zircon of 3 822±21 Ma was found. This is the second zircon with the age older than 3.8 Ga in the Yangtze Block, and it's also the oldest age record that has been found in the southwestern Yangtze Block. The clastic material of the metasandstone mainly includes four age peaks (~2 320 Ma, ~2 162 Ma, ~2 036 Ma and~1 915 Ma). Two youngest zircons basically limit the maximum deposition age of the Dongchuan Group, which coincides with the volcanic rock age of Yinmin Formation in the region. In addition, it also contains a small amount of clastic materials with the ages of 2.6-2.9 Ga and 3.7-3.8 Ga. The Hf isotopic composition shows that these detrital zircons have different origins. The clastic zircons with the age of 2 674-3 822 Ma have positive εHf (t) values and two-stage Hf model age of 2.9-3.9 Ga, suggesting a certain scale of juvenile crust distribution within the Yangtze Block during the Hadean-Archean period. The Paleoproterozoic (1.9-2.4 Ga) magmatic activities were characterized by partial melting of the Archean (2.5-3.7 Ga) ancient crust, except for a small amount of melting of the Paleoproterozoic (2.3-2.4 Ga) juvenile crust. The Mesoproterozoic is more manifested in the melting and recycling of ancient crust. This study provides new information for deepening the understanding of the early geological evolution of the Yangtze Block.
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Key words:
- U-Pb dating /
- Hf isotope /
- Dongchuan Group /
- detrital zircon /
- Yangtze Block /
- geochronology
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图 1 扬子陆块西南缘和研究区元古代地质简图
图a据尹福光等（2012）修改. ①为攀枝花-楚雄-大红山断裂；②为安宁河-绿枝江-希拉河断裂；③为皎平-铜厂-杨武断裂；④为汤郎-禄表-撮科断裂；⑤为麻塘-汤丹断裂；⑥为小江断裂；⑦为红河断裂；⑧为化念-石屏-建水断裂；⑨为米茂-峨山断裂
Fig. 1. Proterozoic geological map of the southwestern Yangtze Block and the study area
图 2 云南禄丰县东川群变质砂岩代表性碎屑锆石CL图像、年龄及Hf同位素组成
a. 2.7~3.8 Ga；b. 2.2~2.4 Ga；c. 2.0~2.2 Ga；d. 1.8~2.0 Ga.锆石中白色实线圆圈为同位素测年点，圈内编号为测点号，所有年龄值使用207Pb/206Pb年龄；白色虚线圆圈为Lu-Hf同位素测点，编号同测年点编号，正负数值为锆石εHf(t)值
Fig. 2. CL images and Hf isotopic composition of the typical detrital zircons from the metasandstone of Dongchuan Group, Lufeng County of Yunnan Province
图 3 东川群变砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 3. The concordia diagrams for U-Pb ages of detrital zircons in metasandstone of Dongchuan Group
图 4 东川群碎屑锆石Hf同位素特征（a）和Hf模式年龄频率分布直方图（b）
Fig. 4. Hf isotopes (a) and Hf model age histogram (b) of detrital zircons from Dongchuan Group
图 5 扬子陆块北缘（a）和西南缘（b） > 1.7 Ga碎屑锆石年龄谱系图
扬子北缘数据引自Zhang et al.(2006a, 2006b)、Zheng et al.(2006)和Liu et al.(2008)；东川群数据引自Zhao et al.（2010）、Wang et al.（2012）、Li et al.（2013）、Greentree et al.（2006）及本文；河口群数据引自Greentree et al.（2006）和Chen et al.（2013）；大红山群数据引自Greentree et al.（2008）；“通安组”数据引自Greentree et al.（2006）、Sun et al.（2009）和耿元生等（2012）
Fig. 5. The frequency chart of detrital zircons with U-Pb ages > 1.7 Ga in the northern and southwestern Yangtze Block
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