Stable Carbon Isotope Perturbations Recorded in Triassic Tulong Group-Qulonggongba Formation of South Tibet
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摘要: 古生代-中生代之交生物灭绝后，三叠纪海洋长期、复杂的生物和环境变化过程受到高度关注.基于牙形石、菊石生物时代及土隆地区三叠系全岩稳定碳同位素曲线，识别出6次负偏和5次正偏.其中早三叠世碳同位素的N1-N4四次负偏和P1-P4四次正向偏移过程，能与我国华南、日本等多个剖面进行对应，反映我国藏南所在的高纬度地区经历了与低纬度地区相同的全球碳循环异常.首次报道了土隆剖面识别出的晚三叠世卡尼期碳同位素负偏，其幅度达到3.3‰，可对应意大利、日本以及我国川西北地区和华南南盘江盆地所记录的卡尼期极端气候事件.中卡尼期温度升高，降雨量急剧增多，风化作用显著加强，陆源硅质碎屑输入增强，可能是土隆剖面岩性剧烈变化的环境驱动因素.Abstract: In the aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition,Triassic oceans were characterized by the long-term and complex biological and environmental changes. Here it reports a stratigraphic study of the Tulong section using ammonites,conodonts and stable carbon isotope in South Tibet. The carbon isotope curves show six negative shifts and five positive peaks from earliest Triassic to middle Late Triassic. Within these carbon isotopic perturbations,the four negative and four positive shifts of the Early Triassic are well correlative with the profiles of South China and Japan,suggesting that the studied area records global signals for multi-phase environmental and biotic changes. Meanwhile,a distinct negative carbon isotope shift,with a decrease of 3.3‰,occurred in the Late Triassic of the Tulong section,is indicative to the Carnian climatic event,which has been extensively found in Italy,Japan and South China. This study presents a successive carbon isotope curve with few biostratigraphic records throughout the Triassic,firstly reporting the Carnian climatic event in Tibet. The rapid temperature rise in the humid climate,intensive weathering and strong terrestrial input might contribute to the distinct lithological changes of the Middle Carnian in the study area.
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Key words:
- carbon isotope /
- Triassic /
- Tulong Group /
- Qulonggongba Formation /
- Tibet /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 西藏土隆地区地质图及构造位置
修改自潘桂棠等(2013). I.拉达克-冈底斯-察隅弧盆系；I1.昂龙岗日-班戈-腾冲岩浆弧带；I2.措勤-申扎岩浆弧带；I3.隆格尔-工布江达复合岛弧带；I4.拉达克-冈底斯-下察隅岩浆弧带；I5.日喀则弧前盆地；II.印度河-雅鲁藏布江结合带；III.喜马拉雅地块；III1.拉岗轨日被动陆缘盆地；III2.北喜马拉雅碳酸盐台地；III3.高喜马拉雅基底杂岩带；III4.低喜马拉雅被动陆缘盆地
Fig. 1. The geological map and tectonic framework of Tulong area, Tibet
图 2 西藏土隆剖面产出的典型牙形石
a. Clarkina carinata，口视；b、c. Scythogondolella mosheri，口视；d. Chiosella timorensis，d1为侧视，d2为口视；e、f. Metapolygnathus sp., 口视
Fig. 2. Conodonts from the Tulong section, Tibet
图 3 西藏土隆剖面产出的典型菊石化石
Fig. 3. Ammonit from the Tulong section, Tibet
a. Arctoceras sp.; b1~b3.Kashmirites sp.; c1、c2. Prionites sp.
图 4 西藏土隆地区三叠系康沙热组-曲龙共巴组碳酸盐岩δ13C与δ18O的相关性
Fig. 4. The relation between δ13C and δ18O of the Triassic Kangshare Formation-Qulonggongba Formation in the Tulong area, Tibet
图 5 西藏土隆剖面岩性柱、野外露头照片及δ13C变化曲线
Fig. 5. Stratigraphic profile, outcrops and the variations of δ13C at the Tulong section, Tibet
图 6 西藏土隆剖面与其他地区三叠系剖面δ13C对比
Fig. 6. Correlation of δ13C between the Tulong section with other well-studied Triassic sections
表 1 西藏土隆剖面δ13C和δ18O同位素值
Table 1. The contents of δ13C and δ18O at the Tulong section, Tibet
样品 δ13C (‰, PDB) δ18O (‰, PDB) TWS01-1 -0.94 -4.08 TWS1-2 -1.62 -4.79 TWS1-2 -1.65 -4.78 TWS01-3 -2.54 -5.39 TWS01-4 -2.09 -5.12 TWS01-5 -2.71 -6.88 TWS01-6 -3.11 -6.99 TWS01-7 -3.45 -9.78 TWS03-1 1.38 -8.54 TWS03-2 1.31 -10.26 TWS04-1 1.48 -13.80 TWS04-2 1.46 -14.85 TWS04-3 1.52 -15.17 TWS04-4 1.51 -13.54 TWS04-5 2.07 -15.87 TWS04-6 1.42 -14.37 TWS05-1 1.08 -12.86 TWS05-2 0.49 -13.86 TWS05-3 0.56 -13.05 TWS05-4 1.00 -14.05 TWS05-5 1.45 -12.18 TWS05-6 1.08 -13.03 TWS05-7 1.74 -11.34 TWS06-1 2.34 -14.77 TWS06-2 1.79 -9.26 TWS07-1 2.15 -11.32 TWS07-2 1.53 -12.52 TWS08-01 -1.57 -9.27 TWS08-02 -0.72 -9.21 TWS08-03 -2.57 -12.26 TWS08-04 -2.49 -12.29 TWS08-05 -2.38 -12.14 TWS08-06 -2.49 -8.49 TWS08-07 -2.09 -10.21 TWS08-08 -1.97 -8.15 TWS08-09 -1.88 -11.27 TWS08-10 -1.74 -8.64 TWS08-11 -1.64 -10.32 TWS08-12 -1.56 -11.91 TWS08-13 -1.53 -12.51 TWS08-14 -1.44 -10.47 TWS08-15 -1.31 -11.96 TWS08-16 -1.21 -9.18 TWS08-17 -1.23 -9.36 TWS08-18 -1.11 -10.34 TWS08-19 -1.00 -9.11 TWS08-20 -0.64 -9.88 TWS09-1 0.63 -11.57 TWS09-2 0.17 -10.75 TWS09-3 0.58 -11.91 TWS09-4 0.38 -12.04 TWS09-5 1.69 -11.86 TWS09-6 2.93 -12.16 TWS09-6 2.86 -12.27 TWS10-1 -0.10 -11.06 TWS11-1 -0.11 -11.47 TWS11-2 -0.46 -11.77 TWS11-3 0.33 -11.91 TWS12-1 0.60 -12.07 TWS12-2 1.09 -12.50 TWS13-1 1.08 -12.84 TWS13-2 1.13 -12.61 TWS14-1 1.47 -10.38 TWS14-2 1.87 -12.20 TWS14-3 0.60 -10.79 TWS14-3 0.59 -10.86 TWS14-4 2.00 -11.61 TWS14-5 1.63 -11.68 TWS14-6 2.05 -11.11 TWS15-1 2.15 -11.35 TWS16-1 1.43 -11.51 TWS16-2 1.43 -13.59 TWS17-1 1.28 -12.71 TWS19-1 1.43 -12.62 TWS19-2 1.44 -11.86 TWS19-3 1.16 -12.06 TWS19-4 1.81 -10.66 TWS20-1 2.08 -12.63 TWS20-2 1.66 -13.10 TWS21-1 2.56 -10.70 TWS21-2 2.42 -10.37 TWS21-3 1.85 -11.36 TWS21-4 1.66 -10.64 TWS21-5 1.44 -11.61 TWS21-6 2.16 -11.31 TWS21-7 1.97 -10.51 TWS21-8 1.68 -11.96 TWS21-9 1.44 -8.19 TWS21-10 0.01 -13.68 TWS21-10 0.02 -13.60 TWS21-11 1.06 -11.03 TWS22-1 1.50 -10.65 TWS22-2 1.71 -9.99 TWS22-3 1.82 -11.71 TWS22-4 1.23 -11.51 TWS22-5 1.46 -10.69 TWS23-1 1.37 -12.40 TWS23-2 1.46 -9.99 TWS24-1 0.74 -11.98 TWS25-1 0.59 -9.53 TWS25-2 1.89 -11.11 TWS27-1 1.58 -10.09 TWS27-2 1.71 -9.67 TWS27-3 2.11 -10.38 TWS28-1 0.66 -11.71 TWS29-1 0.95 -12.59 TWS29-2 1.15 -15.90 TWS29-3 0.80 -12.76 TWS29-4 0.76 -12.69 TWS30-1 0.93 -12.44 TWS30-2 0.74 -14.61 TWS30-3 0.05 -12.39 TWS30-4 0.34 -14.62 TWS30-5 0.08 -13.94 TWS30-6 -0.64 -14.27 TWS31-1 0.05 -12.21 TWS31-2 -0.51 -12.90 TWS31-3 -1.20 -12.61 TWS31-4 0.73 -9.31 
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