Mineralization Characteristics and Mechanism of Foraminifera in Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Sediments in Zhujiang Formation of Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 珠江口盆地白云凹陷是我国现今深水油气勘探的重要地区，在其南侧的荔湾X构造的珠江组在3 000~3 281 m以混积岩沉积为主.以荔湾X构造内含有孔虫混积岩为研究对象，通过开展岩石学和同位素地球化学研究，确定了有孔虫宿主岩石类型以及有孔虫矿化的岩相学特征，重点探讨了有孔虫的矿化机制，并最终建立了有孔虫的矿化模式.荔湾X构造珠江组混积岩的生物碎屑以有孔虫碎屑为主，有孔虫壳由刃状、等径状方解石或铁方解石组成.有孔虫的房室可分为未充填、半充填和全充填3种类型.根据有孔虫房室充填的主要自生矿物类型、产状及相互关系，可将有孔虫矿化按其形成的先后分为黄铁矿化、铁方解石化、片钠铝石化和铁白云石化4种类型，其中黄铁矿的形成可能与有孔虫软体组织的生物降解有关，铁方解石可能与有机质热脱羧作用有关，片钠铝石和铁白云石中的“碳”有深部来源的岩浆成因CO2的贡献.Abstract: The Pearl River Mouth basin is an important area for deep water petroleum exploration in China,within which,the Liwan X structure is mainly composed of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments at the depths between 3 000 m and 3 281 m. Petrologic and isotopic geochemical characteristics were investigated by polarizing microscope and carbon-oxygen isotopic analysis. The host rock type of foraminifera and the petrographic characteristics of foraminifera mineralization were determined,and the mineralization mechanism of foraminifera was discussed,and finally the mineralization model of foraminifera was established. The bioclast of Zhujiang Formation is mainly composed of foraminiferal clasts,while the foraminiferal shell is composed of blade-,equal diameter calcite or ferrocalcite. There are mainly three filling patterns for the foraminifera's chamber:unfilled,half-filled and full-filled pattern. According to the types and the occurrences of the main authigenic minerals,the foraminiferal mineralization can be divided into four types,including pyritization,ferrocalcitization,dawsonitization and ankeritization,among which the formation of pyritization may be related to the biodegradation of foraminiferal soft tissue,and the ferrocalcitization may be related to the thermal decarboxylation of organic matter,while the magmatic CO2 provided the carbon sources for the precipitation of dawsonite and ankerite.
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图 3 混积岩三端元图及岩石类型投点
底图据解习农等(2018)
Fig. 3. Composition diagram for mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediment samples
图 4 自生矿物典型镜下照片
a.有孔虫体腔被黄铁矿部分充填，3 164.0 m，铸体薄片，单偏光；b.黄铁矿被放射状片钠铝石交代，二者共同填满有孔虫体腔，菱铁矿围绕有孔虫体腔外壁生长，染色后有孔虫体腔呈淡紫色，代表其主要成分为铁方解石，3 180.4 m，单偏光，染色薄片；c.有孔虫体腔内的铁方解石，3 226.3 m，染色薄片，单偏光；d.经染色后紫红色的铁方解石填满有孔虫体腔，3 101.0 m，染色薄片，单偏光；e.染色后呈淡紫色的铁方解石被不变色的菱形白云石交代，二者共同填满有孔虫体腔，另可见一有孔虫体腔被放射状的片钠铝石填满且完全交代，其原始体腔已消失不见，3 226.3 m；f.经染色后有孔虫体腔呈粉色，说明其成分为方解石，有孔虫体腔被铁白云石部分充填，3 164.0 m，染色薄片，单偏光；g.放射状的片钠铝石被自形的铁白云石交代，二者共同填满有孔虫体腔，注意有孔虫体腔已被片钠铝石完全交代，3 226.3 m，染色薄片，单偏光；h.同g，正交偏光.Pore.孔隙；Py.黄铁矿；Sd.菱铁矿；Fora.有孔虫；Daw.片钠铝石；FeC.铁方解石；Dol.白云石；Ank.铁白云石
Fig. 4. Micrographs of diagenetic minerals
图 5 片钠铝石典型镜下照片
a.放射状片钠铝石填满有孔虫体腔，经染色后体腔呈粉色，表示体腔成分为方解石，体腔壁由粒状方解石（蓝色箭头）和纤维状方解石（红色箭头）共同组成，3 213.8 m，染色薄片，单偏光；b.有孔虫体腔被放射状片钠铝石部分充填，3 180.0 m，染色薄片，单偏光；c.有孔虫体腔壁被放射状片钠铝石完全交代，3 226.3 m，正交偏光；d.有孔虫体腔被片钠铝石和铁白云石填满，二者分隔在相邻体腔内，3 164.0 m染色薄片，单偏光；e.多个有孔虫体腔被片钠铝石和铁白云石分别填满，注意被片钠铝石充填的有孔虫，其体腔壁已消失不见，3 226.3 m，染色薄片，单偏光；f.同g，正交偏光.Pore.孔隙；Fora.有孔虫；Daw.片钠铝石；Ank.铁白云石
Fig. 5. Micrographs of dawsonite in mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments
图 6 荔湾X构造珠江组片钠铝石碳、氧同位素特征
①本次研究；②Baker et al.（1995）, Uysal et al.（2011）；③Golab et al.（2006）；④Ferrini et al.（2003）；⑤Zhao et al.（2018）；⑥Liu et al.（2011）；⑦Ming et al.（2017）；⑧Gao et al.（2009）；⑨董林森等（2011）；⑩Zalba et al.（2011）
Fig. 6. Plot of δ13C versus δ18O values for dawsonite of Zhujiang Formation in Liwan X
表 1 荔湾X构造珠江组方解石、铁白云石、片钠铝石碳、氧同位素特征
Table 1. Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions for calcite, ankerite and dawsonite of Zhujiang Formation in Liwan X
埋深(m) 矿物 δ13C(‰, VPDB) δ18O(‰, VPDB) δ18O(‰, SMOW) 平衡的δ13CCO2(‰, VPDB) 3 202 方解石 -3.8 -6.4 24.3 / 3 277 方解石 -5.7 -8.6 22.1 / 3 157 铁白云石 -1.1 -5.9 24.9 / 3 202 铁白云石 -2.0 -4.9 25.9 / 3 277 铁白云石 -4.6 -7.6 23.1 / 3 424 铁白云石 -2.5 -8.1 22.6 / 3 157 片钠铝石 -0.1 -4.9 25.8 -5.4 3 277 片钠铝石 -4.7 -8.4 22.2 -9.1 3 424 片钠铝石 -2.3 -8.4 22.2 -6.4 注：与片钠铝石平衡的δ13CCO2 (‰，PDB)数据系根据实测值和方解石-CO2分馏方程（Ohmoto and Rye, 1979）及相关参数计算. 
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