Seismic Survey in Huatung Basin and Its Tectonic Significance
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摘要: 花东海盆位于欧亚板块与菲律宾海板块交汇处，是现今西太平洋俯冲体系中唯一遗留的早白垩纪洋盆，是研究西太平洋俯冲构造演化与动力学机制的一个关键区域.前期研究发现，关于花东海盆的基础科学问题迫切需要解决：花东海盆的性质、年龄及形成演化历史如何?南北走向的加瓜海脊是花东海盆的东部边界吗?其隆升机制和构造属性如何?花东海盆的西部边界是马尼拉俯冲带吗?其各构造单元流体作用及其与花东海盆的构造关系如何?为了解决上述科学问题，在花东海盆开展主动源与被动源的综合地球物理探测和地质采样是非常必要的.一方面，可以采用纵/横波联合反演方法获取花东海盆及其东/西边界的深达地幔的精细速度结构，为构建西太平洋俯冲构造体系跨圈层的构造演化模式提供重要的地质地球物理证据，另一方面，为中国未来在花东海盆大洋钻探计划提供重要的基础数据.Abstract: In the western Pacific,the Huatung basin (HB) might be a unique Early-Cretaceous oceanic basin located at the junction between the Philippine Sea plate (PSP) and Eurasia plate (EU). The HB is the key region to understand the geodynamic evolution of the western Pacific as a whole. It is a natural laboratory to investigate the interaction between the Earth's hydrosphere and lithosphere of a subduction system. Some essential scientific questions are essential toneed to be addressed based on the previous research.What is the nature and age of the crust in the HB? What is its history of formation and evolution? What is the uplift mechanism andtectonic nature of the NS-oriented Gagua ridge? For the Manila subduction zone,acting as the western boundary of the HB,what is the water content in the sediments and in the upper and lower crust of the subducting slab determined by the detailed seismic velocity structure? What is the mechanism of water emplacement? An active- and passive-source seismic experiment is necessary to be carried out also including sample dredges in near future. The crustal and mantle velocity structure beneath the HB could be acquired by the use of joint inversion of P- and S-waves. These research will not only provide geophysical constraints to understand the interaction of the Earth's hydrosphere and lithosphere of a subduction system,but will also contribute to the understanding of the tectonic framework of the western Pacific. More importantly,it is a pre-requisite before getting drilling ground truth in the HB.
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Key words:
- Huatung basin /
- deep seismic survey /
- Gagua Ridge /
- Manila subduction zone /
- tectonic evolution mechanism /
- geophysics
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图 1 花东海盆区域构造位置与水深地形
黄色方框为图 2范围
Fig. 1. The regional tectonic map and bathymetric topography of Huatung basin
图 2 花东海盆及邻区的深地震探测现状
OBS1995、OBS2015⁃2、T1⁃T5测线、OBS2016⁃2和三维网格3D⁃2016测线为研究区已有的OBS深地震测线；白色实线为10条长缆多道反射测线（H1⁃H8, V1⁃V2）；粉红色实线是MCS973反射地震剖面.黄星（RD19和RD20）为辉长岩样品位置；绿色圆为IODP井位DSDP293
Fig. 2. Locations of deep seismic profiles in the Huatung basin and adjacent areas
图 3 花东海盆TAIGER计划中4条测线初至波层析成像速度结构图
据Eakin et al.（2015）.a、b、c和d分别为T5、T4A、T2和T1b测线的速度结构，测线位置见图 2；白色虚线和M是根据反射剖面推测的Moho界面；HB：花东海盆；GA：加瓜海脊；NLA：北吕宋岛弧；WPB：西菲律宾海盆
Fig. 3. First⁃arrival tomographic models along T1b, T2, T4A and T5 profiles across Huatung Basin in TAIGER plan
图 5 花东海盆及其东/西部板块边界的三维海底地形图及各圈层相互作用示意图
Fig. 5. Three⁃dimensional topographic map of Huatung basin and schematic diagram of multi⁃layers interaction
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