Zonation of Alteration Mineral and Primary Halo in the Wunuer Pb-Zn-Ag-Mo Ore Deposit, Inner Mongolia, NE China
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摘要: 乌奴耳矿床位于内蒙古东部大兴安岭造山带中段中生代火山岩覆盖区，为近年来新发现的陆相火山岩型多金属矿床.为了对该矿区的进一步深部找矿勘查工作提供围岩蚀变和岩石地球化学信息，对乌奴耳矿床进行了详细的野外地质特征研究、岩石蚀变分带研究和原生晕研究.乌奴耳矿床中存在多期多阶段矿化特征：第1阶段斑岩型钼矿化，主要产于矿床深部的花岗斑岩体内；第2阶段岩浆热液（隐爆角砾岩）型铅锌矿化，主要产于花岗斑岩体顶部及其附近围岩的隐爆角砾岩中；第3阶段浅成低温热液型铅锌银矿化，主要产于浅部张性断裂构造中.矿区内存在至少两期与成矿关系密切的构造事件，张性断裂构造是重要的控矿因素和找矿标志.乌奴耳矿床中具有明显的围岩蚀变分带特征，蚀变矿物分布与已知矿体产状具有较好的对应关系，是重要的找矿标志之一.岩石原生晕异常分布与已知矿体具有较好的对应关系，具有明显的前缘晕-近矿晕-尾晕元素组合分带特征，能够为乌奴耳矿床深部找矿提供可靠信息.综合以上主要找矿信息特征，预测在乌奴耳矿床Ⅱ矿段207勘探线剖面深部有盲矿体存在.Abstract: The Wunuer ore deposit is a newly found terrestrial volcanic type deposit, which is located in the middle segment of the Great Xing'an range where is covered by Mesozoic volcanic rocks. In order to provide information for deep prospecting and exploration in this area, in this study, detailed field deposit geology, alteration mineral zonation and primary halo of wall rocks in the deposit were studied. There are obvious multi-stage mineralization characteristics in the Wunuer deposit, including (1) the first stage porphyry type molybdenum mineralization, which mainly occurs in the apical portion of the granite porphyry deep in the deposit; (2) the second stage magmatic hydrothermal fluid (cryptoexplosive breccia) type lead-zinc mineralization, which mainly occurs in cryptoexplosive breccia in the apical portion of the granite porphyry and surrounding wall rocks; (3) the third stage epithermal type lead-zinc-silver mineralization, which mainly occurs in fractures hosted by wall rock in shallow. We have identified at least two tectonic events closely related to ore forming process, which are important ore-controlling factors and prospecting markers. There is obvious wall rock alteration zone in the Wunuer deposit, and the altered mineral assemblage distribution has a good correspondence with the occurrence of ore body, which is one of the important processing markers. Primary halo anomalies of wall rocks are also well correlated with ore bodies, which show obvious lead-near-tail-halo elements zonation, which can provide reliable information for prospecting in the deep of the Wunuer deposit. Based on the above characteristics of ore prospecting information, it is predicted that there is blind ore body deep in the 207 exploration line in Ⅱ of the Wunuer deposit.
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Key words:
- Wunuer /
- Inner Mongolia /
- primary halo /
- alteration mineral /
- XRF /
- XRD /
- mineralogy
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图 1 大兴安岭地区地质、矿产分布
Fig. 1. Geological sketch of the Great Xing'an range, NE China, showing the location and age of the studied deposits
图 2 中国东北地区构造地质图(a)和乌奴耳矿床区域地质图（b）
Fig. 2. Tectonic setting of NE China (a) and regional geological map of the Wunuer deposit area (b)
图 4 乌奴耳矿床Ⅰ矿带05勘探线剖面矿化、蚀变特征
Fig. 4. Geological section along 05 exploration line of the Ⅰ ore zone in Wunuer deposit, illustrating the characteristics of mineralization and alteration
图 6 乌奴耳矿床Ⅱ矿带207勘探线剖面
剖面位置在图 3中用红色实线标记
Fig. 6. Geological section along 207 exploration line of the Ⅱ ore zone in the Wunuer deposit
图 7 乌奴耳矿床207勘探线剖面岩石蚀变矿物含量等值线
Fig. 7. Isoline maps of alteration mineral compositions in 207 exploration line in the Wunuer deposit
图 8 乌奴耳矿床207勘探线各元素异常剖面
Fig. 8. Sketch maps of the primary halos of the indication elements in 207 exploration line in the Wunuer deposit
图 9 207勘探线剖面岩石破碎度等值线
Fig. 9. Isoline maps of wall rock crushing degree of 207 exploration line in the Wunuer deposit
图 10 乌奴耳矿床207勘探线原生晕数据R型聚类分析
Fig. 10. R type cluster hierarchical diagram of the indication elements in 207 exploration line in the Wunuer deposit
图 11 乌奴耳矿床Ⅱ矿带207勘探线盲矿体预测示意
Fig. 11. Ore body prediction of 207 exploration line in the Wunuer deposit
表 1 乌奴耳矿床207勘探线岩石地球化学背景值、异常下限
Table 1. Geochemical background and anomaly threshold of the indication elements in 207 exploration line in the Wunuer deposit
元素 Au Ag Cu Pb Zn Mo W As Sb Bi Sn Ni Hg 迭代次数 10 9 8 11 19 11 9 13 10 9 7 9 6 背景值 0.81 0.51 4.89 87.10 202.30 1.39 4.90 0.66 0.23 0.40 2.65 3.04 4.36 异常下限Ca 3.49 2.42 12.89 359.58 552.33 5.12 12.37 2.09 0.37 0.96 3.54 6.27 7.82 异常中带2Ca 6.97 4.83 25.79 719.17 1 104.66 10.23 24.75 4.18 0.74 1.92 7.09 12.53 15.64 异常内带4Ca 13.94 9.66 51.58 1 438.33 2 209.33 20.47 49.49 8.36 1.49 3.85 14.18 25.06 31.28 注：Au、Hg含量单位为10-9，其他元素单位为10-6. 
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表 2 岩石破碎度赋值规则
Table 2. Values of rating the crushing degree of rocks
破碎等级 破碎度赋值 局部破碎/轻微破碎 1 破碎较强/较严重 2 破碎严重/强烈 3 破碎带 4 极度破碎至泥质/土状 5
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表 3 乌奴耳矿床207勘探线各元素相系数
Table 3. Correlation coefficients of metal elements in 207 exploration line in the Wunuer deposit
Au Ag Cu Pb Zn Mo W As Sb Bi Sn Ni Hg Au 1 Ag 0.900 1 Cu 0.689 0.719 1 Pb 0.806 0.846 0.813 1 Zn 0.753 0.802 0.840 0.908 1 Mo 0.663 0.675 0.614 0.666 0.614 1 W 0.637 0.604 0.579 0.604 0.558 0.489 1 As 0.750 0.644 0.671 0.691 0.656 0.532 0.528 1 Sb 0.558 0.520 0.611 0.564 0.644 0.453 0.429 0.624 1 Bi 0.783 0.836 0.589 0.665 0.685 0.641 0.597 0.474 0.469 1 Sn 0.625 0.590 0.568 0.542 0.545 0.627 0.628 0.489 0.537 0.617 1 Ni 0.051 0.084 0.263 -0.037 0.000 0.100 0.294 -0.025 -0.008 0.155 0.304 1 Hg 0.721 0.706 0.747 0.766 0.83 0.555 0.560 0.624 0.681 0.644 0.577 -0.09 1
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表 4 乌奴耳矿床R型因子分析特征值、方差贡献以及元素的累计方差贡献
Table 4. Characteristic roots and variance explanation of R-factor analysis of the Wunuer deposit
因子 特征值 方差贡献（%） 累积方差贡献（%） F1 8.168 62.831 62.831 F2 1.311 10.081 72.912 F3 0.747 5.749 78.661 F4 0.588 4.52 83.181 F5 0.504 3.873 87.055 F6 0.471 3.624 90.679 F7 0.392 3.012 93.69 F8 0.261 2.007 95.698 F9 0.195 1.499 97.196 F10 0.137 1.052 98.248 F11 0.101 0.775 99.023 F12 0.069 0.533 99.556 F13 0.058 0.444 100
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表 5 乌奴耳矿床R型因子载荷初始矩阵以及正交因子旋转的载荷矩阵
Table 5. Initial and orthometric rotating factor loading matrix of R-factor analysis in the Wunuer deposit
因子载荷初始矩阵 正交因子旋转的载荷矩阵 变量 因子 变量 因子 F1 F2 F1 F2 Au 0.904 -0.041 Au 0.883 0.197 Ag 0.903 -0.015 Ag 0.875 0.222 Cu 0.861 0.068 Cu 0.813 0.291 Pb 0.905 -0.183 Pb 0.921 0.061 Zn 0.901 -0.182 Zn 0.917 0.06 Mo 0.761 0.087 Mo 0.711 0.283 W 0.728 0.335 W 0.615 0.514 As 0.776 -0.189 As 0.798 0.021 Sb 0.71 -0.179 Sb 0.732 0.014 Bi 0.814 0.138 Bi 0.749 0.347 Sn 0.738 0.358 Sn 0.619 0.539 Ni 0.119 0.921 Ni -0.127 0.92 Hg 0.853 -0.235 Hg 0.884 -0.003 注：a旋转在3次迭代后收敛.
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表 6 乌奴尔河北岸铅锌矿床207勘探线各钻孔原生晕轴向分带序列表
Table 6. Primary halo axial zoning sequences of each drills in 207 exploration line in the Wunuer deposit
钻孔编号 分带指数法 浓集中心法 ZK20701 Ag Pb Ni Sb Zn Sn Bi As Cu Au Mo W Ag Pb Ni Mo Sb Zn Sn Bi Cu As Au W ZK20702 As W Pb Sn Zn Sb Mo Ni Au Ag Cu Bi Mo Ag Zn Pb Ni W Au Cu Sn As Sb Bi ZK20703 Zn As Sn Mo Ag Pb W Sb Bi Cu Ni Au Zn Mo As Sn Pb W Sb Ag Bi Cu Ni Au IIZK0701 W Au Pb Cu As Sb Zn Ag Bi Mo W Cu Pb As Sb Ag Zn Bi Mo Au ⅡZK0702 Ni Mo Cu Au Bi As Ag Sb W Pb Hg Zn Sn Bi As Au Sb W Ni Hg Pb Mo Cu Ag Zn Sn ⅡZK0712 W Ni Mo Hg Pb Sn Sb Zn Cu Au Ag Bi As Ni W Hg Mo Pb Sn Sb Zn Cu Au Ag As Bi ⅡZK0716 Pb Zn Mo Au As W Hg Ni Sb Sn Ag Bi Cu As W Ni Au Pb Mo Zn Sb Sn Ag Bi Hg Cu
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表 7 乌奴耳矿床深部找矿模型表
Table 7. Comprehensive information model of prediction for deep ore processing in the Wunuer deposit
找矿标志 描述 构造 张性断裂构造为主要控矿构造，通常岩石破碎程度越高，矿化越强. 围岩蚀变 萤石、方解石等低温蚀变矿物常位于矿体上盘部位. 高岭石、滑石、叶腊石等中低温蚀变与矿体位置对应.石英、白云母等高温蚀变常位于矿体尾部. 岩石原生晕 As、Sb、Au、Ag等前缘晕元素高值异常区通常位于矿体上盘位置. Cu、Pb、Zn等近矿晕元素高值异常区与矿体位置对应.
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