Geochronology of the Dengshan Group in the Eastern Jiangnan Orogen, and Its Tectonic Significance
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摘要: 为探讨江南造山带东段新元古代构造演化机制，对江南造山带东段登山群砂岩及火山岩进行锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学研究.SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年显示登山群高山组凝灰岩年龄为855.5±8.2 Ma，叶家组流纹岩年龄为798.1±7.8 Ma.地球化学数据显示高山组砂岩物源区为大陆岛弧，形成于弧后盆地；叶家组火山岩为双峰式火山岩，流纹岩轻稀土富集，重稀土亏损；高FeOt/（FeOt+MgO）和Ga/Al值、低CaO、MgO，εHf（t）值为7.9~10.9，富集Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和高场强元素，强烈亏损Sr、P、Ti的特征显示其为典型的A型花岗岩，来自初生地壳的部分熔融；玄武岩属拉斑玄武岩系列，具有OIB特征，富集轻稀土及大离子亲石元素，来自软流圈地幔的部分熔融.双峰式火山岩形成于板内伸展背景.年代学及地球化学结果表明新元古代江南造山带东段扬子与华夏板块拼贴时限为855~800 Ma之间.造山结束之后地幔物质上涌，华南板块进入裂谷期.Abstract: Detailed researches on Zircon U-Pb chronology and geochemistry of the Dengshan Group in the eastern Jiangnan orogen have been undertaken in this paper in order to figure out the tectonic setting of the eastern Jiangnan orogen in the Neoproterozoic. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of two samples yielded weighted mean ages of 855.5±8.2 Ma and 798±7.8 Ma, respectively. The sandstone rocks are mostly affiliated with a continental arc, in good agreement with the proposed back-arc basin scenario. These rhyolites display LREE enriched REE patterns, with positive εHf(t) values, and has high values of FeOt/(FeOt+MgO) and Ga/Al, low contents of CaO and MgO, and it is enriched in Ba, Th, U and HFSEs, and depleted in Sr, P, and Ti, thus resembling A-type granitoids. These basalts are of tholeiitic basalt, and display ocean island basalt (OIB)-like geochemical signatures, with the enrichment of LREE and large-ion lithophile element relative to HREE. The bimodal volcanic rocks are suggested to be formed during post-collisional extension setting. Combined with the previously data from the Jiangnan orogen, we propose that the Jiangnan orogen leading to the assembly of the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks took place during 855-800 Ma. This was followed by breakup after the orogenesis which was triggered by mantle upwelling.
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Key words:
- Neoproterozoic /
- Dengshan Group /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- geochemistry /
- Jiangnan orogen
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图 2 华南地区江南造山带东段登山群区域地质简图
Fig. 2. Geological sketch map of the Dengshan area in the eastern Jiangnan orogen, South China
图 3 登山群综合柱状图、野外及显微照片
a、b.叶家组流纹岩及镜下特征；c、d.叶家组玄武岩及镜下特征；e、f.拔竹坑组底部砾岩；g.高山组凝灰岩镜下特征；h.高山组岩屑砂岩镜下特征；Qz.石英；Pl.长石；Bt.黑云母；Py.辉石；Mt.磁铁矿
Fig. 3. Stratigraphy, field photos and section photomicrograph of the Dengshan Group
图 4 凝灰岩和流纹岩锆石CL图像
红色圆圈为锆石206Pb/238U年龄分析点，蓝色圆圈为锆石Hf同位素分析点
Fig. 4. Cathodoluminescence images of the zircons from tuff and rhyolites
图 5 高山组凝灰岩和叶家组流纹岩U⁃Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 5. U⁃Pb concordia plots for zircons from Gaoshan and Yejia Formations
图 6 叶家组流纹岩岩石分类图解
a.Nb/Y⁃(Zr/TiO2)×10-4分类图解(Winchester and Floyd, 1976)；b.SiO2⁃FeOt/MgO分类图解；c.SiO2⁃K2O分类图解；d.SiO2⁃FeOt/(FeOt+MgO)分类图解
Fig. 6. Rock classification diagram of the rhyolites in the Yejia Formation
图 7 叶家组流纹岩及玄武岩稀土元素配分曲线及微量元素蛛网图
Fig. 7. Chondrite⁃normalized REE patterns and trace elements spider diagram of rhyolites and basalts of Yejia Formation
图 8 高山组凝灰岩和叶家组流纹岩锆石Hf同位素演化图解
800 Ma基性岩数据邓奇(2016)
Fig. 8. Plots of εHf(t)⁃age for zircon grains from the tuff in the Gaoshan Formation and rhyolite in the Yejia Formation
图 9 江南造山带中、新元古代地层对比
据高林志等(2014)修改
Fig. 9. Correlation of Meso–Neoproterozoic strata in the Jiangnan orogenic belt
图 10 高山组砂岩Th/Sr⁃Zr/Sc(a)和TiO2⁃Ni(b)物源判别图解
Fig. 10. Source rock discrimination diagrams plots for the Gaoshan Formation sediments.(a) Th/Sr⁃Zr/Sc diagram, (b) TiO2⁃Ni plot
图 11 高山组砂岩La⁃Th⁃Sc和Th⁃Sc⁃Zr/10判别图解
据Bhatia and Crook (1986)；A.大洋岛弧；B.大陆岛弧；C.活动陆缘；D.被动陆缘
Fig. 11. La⁃Th⁃Sc and Th⁃Sc⁃Zr/10 diagram of Gaoshan Formation sediments
图 12 叶家组流纹岩判别图解(据Whalen et al., 1987)
Fig. 12. Geochemical discrimination diagrams of Whalen et al.(1987) for the rhyolites in the Yejia Formation
图 13 叶家组流纹岩及同时期基性岩主微量元素哈克图解
800 Ma基性岩数据夏林圻等(2009)
Fig. 13. Harker diagrams of the rhyolites in the Yejia Formation
图 14 叶家组流纹岩和玄武岩构造背景判别图解
(1)Nb⁃Y⁃Ga、Nb⁃Y⁃Ce图解(Eby，1992)；(b)Nb⁃Y图解(Pearce et al., 1984)；(c)Ti/1 000⁃V图解；(d)Zr⁃Zr/Y图解
Fig. 14. Plots of the rhyolites and basalts from Yejia Formation
图 15 江南造山带东段860~760 Ma构造演化模式
Fig. 15. Simplified cartoon model for the evolution of the eastern Jiangnan orogen from 860~760 Ma
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