Sedimentology and Porosity Structures of the Epicontinental Sea-Platform Fine-Grained Deposits of Mufushan Formation in Lower Yangtze Area
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摘要: 黑色细粒沉积岩系沉积学和孔隙结构研究对于沉积环境恢复、页岩气储层评价和有利储层预测具有重要意义.利用下扬子地区最新完钻的XYZ-1钻井资料，综合钻井岩心、岩石薄片、XRD分析、氩离子-场扫描电镜等手段，开展幕府山组细粒沉积岩系的沉积学和孔隙结构研究.结果表明，幕府山组岩性组成以块状、纹层状深色（碳质）泥岩、浅灰色纹层状泥质灰岩、泥晶灰岩为主，夹泥灰岩、云灰岩、陆屑灰岩和白云岩、安山岩、角砾岩等，以含硅质粘土质混合页岩相和含硅质粘土质页岩相为主，属于下扬子海盆的陆架浅海碳酸盐岩台地-深水海湾-潮坪环境.幕府山组黑色细粒沉积岩孔隙类型多样，有机孔为2~200 nm，面孔率为2.86%~15.90%，孔隙分布较均匀，但总体连通性较差，部分与脆性矿物或粘土矿物共生的有机孔分布不均匀.无机孔以粒内孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔为主，部分为晶间孔和矿物层间孔.除黄铁矿晶间孔外，大部分无机孔均大于2 μm，最大可达50 μm.细粒沉积岩中的微裂缝广泛发育，构造微裂缝形态复杂，缝宽一般20~500 μm，常常被方解石和石英充填.成岩微裂缝长度一般大10μm，缝宽50~200 nm.幕府山组顶部深水海湾相和底部泥坪-蒸发台地相黑色细粒沉积岩TOC含量为2.66%~21.27%，平均值为6.30%，有机孔、无机孔和微裂缝发育，粘土矿物和脆性矿物含量较高，具备优质页岩气储层发育的有利条件.Abstract: The study of sedimentology and pore structure of black fine-grained sedimentary rock series is of great significance for environment, shale gas reservoir evaluation and favorable reservoir prediction.Using the newly drilled XYZ-1 well data in the Lower Yangtze area, based on systematic coring identification of Lower Cambrian Mufushan Formation, rock thin section, XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) analysis, and argon ion-field emission-scanning electron microscopy (Ar-FE-SEM), the sedimentology and pore structures of the fine-grained deposits series arestudied in this study.The results show that the lithologic composition of the Mufushan Formation is dominated by dark (carbonaceous) mudstone, light gray argillaceous limestone and cryptite, interbeded with marl, dolomitic limestone, terrigenouslimestone and dolomite, Andesite, breccia, etc., mainly composed of siliceous clay-mixed shale facies and siliceous clay-like shale facies. It is belong to the continental shelfshallow-sea carbonate platform-deep-water bay-tidal flat environment of the lower Yangtze ocean basin.The black argillutite (mud shale) of the Mufushan Formation has various pore types, the organic pores are 2-200 nm, the surface porosity ratio is 2.86%-15.90%, the pore distribution is relatively uniform, but the overall connectivity is poor, and some organic pores are inhomogeneity symbiotic with the brittle mineral or clay mineral. The inorganic pores are mainly intragranular, intergranular pores and dissolution pores, and some are intercrystalline pores and intermetallic pores. Except for the intercrystalline pores of pyrite, most of the inorganic pores are larger than 2 μm and the maximum is 50 μm.The micro-cracks in the shale are widely developed, and the micro-cracks of tectonic origin are complex in shape, and the slit width is generally 20-500 μm, generally filled with calcite and quartz. The length of diagenetic micro-cracks is generally greater than 10μm and the slit width is 50 to 200 nm. The black mud shale in the upper deep-water bay facies and lower parts of the mud flat and evaporate plat form of the Mufushan Formation has favorable conditions for the development of high quality shale gas reservoirs, due to a high TOC content from 2.65%-21.27%, average 6.30%, organic-inorganic pore system, and fracture system development, high clay minerals and brittle minerals content.
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图 1 下扬子地区早古生代构造区划（a）和XYZ-1钻井位置（b）
据郭念发（1996）；朱光等(2000)；印峰等(2013)；潘桂棠等(2016)；蔡来星等(2017)；樊佳莉(2017)；郭兴伟等(2017)修编
Fig. 1. Early Paleozoic tectonic unit division of the Lower Yangtze region (a) and the XYZ-1 well location (b)
图 2 幕府山组细粒沉积岩岩心（a~e）和微观特征(f~j)
Fig. 2. Core photographs (a~e) and microscopic features (f~j) of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in Mufushan Formation
图 3 扬子地区下寒武统（a）和北美地区（b）细粒沉积岩矿物组成和岩相类型
1.硅质岩岩相组合S：S.硅质页岩相；S1.灰质硅质页岩相; S2.含灰质黏土质硅质页岩相; S3.含黏土硅质页岩相; 2.灰质页岩相组合C: C.灰质页岩相; C1.含硅质灰质页岩相; C2.含硅质黏土质灰质页岩相; C3.含黏土灰质页岩相; 3.黏土质页岩相组合CM：CM.黏土质页岩相; CM1.含硅质黏土质页岩相; CM2.含灰质硅质黏土质页岩相; CM3.含灰质黏土质页岩相; 4.混合页岩相组合M：M.混合页岩相; M1.含硅质灰质混合页岩相; M2.含硅质黏土质混合页岩相; M3.含灰质黏土质混合页岩相
Fig. 3. Mineral composition and lithofacies classification of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in Lower Cambrian Yangtze (a) and North American (b)
图 4 细粒沉积岩典型沉积构造(下寒武统幕府山组XYZ-1井)
Fig. 4. Typical sedimentary structures of fine-grained sedimentary rocks (XYZ-1 well of Lower Cambrian Mufushan Formation)
图 5 细粒沉积岩中的典型构造-溶蚀现象(下寒武统幕府山组XYZ-1井)
Fig. 5. Typical structures and denudations of fine-grained sedimentary rocks (XYZ-1 well of Lower Cambrian Mufushan Formation)
图 6 下扬子地区幕府山组地层充填序列
Fig. 6. Filling sequence of Mufushan Formation in Lower Yangtze area
图 7 幕府山组深水海湾-台地-盆地体系沉积模式
据朱光等(2000)；路琳琳等(2013)；樊佳莉(2017)；刘计勇等(2018)修编
Fig. 7. Depositional model of Mufushan Formation in Lower Yangtze area
图 8 下扬子地区幕府山组细粒沉积岩孔隙类型划分及结构特征
Fig. 8. Classification of porosity types and structure feature of fine-grained sedimentary rocks reservoirin Mufushan Formation in Lower Yangtze area
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