Zircon U-Pb Chronology and Geochemistry of the Wuliji Intrusions in the Northern Alxa Block: Constraints on the Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Altaids
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摘要: 阿拉善地块北缘是研究古亚洲洋最终闭合过程的重要区域，该区大面积出露的石炭-二叠纪火成岩尚缺乏深入探讨，直接导致古亚洲洋最终闭合时间的认识无法统一，进而制约了中亚造山带南缘中部晚古生代构造演化问题的讨论.通过选取的乌力吉岩体位于恩格乌苏断裂带和巴丹吉林断裂带之间，处于沙拉扎山构造带内，对其开展了系统的岩相学、全岩地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究.结果显示，岩体主要由花岗闪长岩和花岗岩组成，花岗闪长岩2件样品加权平均年龄分别为：266.00±1.00 Ma(MSWD=0.69)、267.76±0.97 Ma(MSWD=0.26).花岗岩3件样品加权平均年龄分别为：254.57±0.99 Ma(MSWD=0.79)、253.70±1.70 Ma(MSWD=2.50)、252.50±2.90 Ma(MSWD=4.70).SiO2含量：花岗闪长岩64.13%~67.17%，花岗岩68.08%~75.29%；Na2O+K2O含量：花岗闪长岩6.40%~7.00%，花岗岩7.09%~7.94%，均属中等分异的Ⅰ型花岗岩.Nb、Ta、P、Ti明显亏损，K、Zr、Hf具明显正异常.轻稀土(LREE)富集，重稀土(HREE)亏损且分馏明显，LREE/HREE=6.49~17.45.(La/Yb)N值：花岗闪长岩6.21~8.80，花岗岩9.21~22.06.地球化学特征反映两期侵入体具壳幔混合特性，以壳源为主，表现分离结晶和晚期流体交代作用特征.综合沉积建造及岩石地球化学认为，古亚洲洋可能在二叠纪前已经闭合，阿拉善地区于二叠纪进入板内演化阶段，乌力吉一带处于区域性同造山挤压向造山后伸展折返或后碰撞伸展环境.Abstract: The northern Alxa block is the key area for studying the closing of the Paleo-Asian Ocean,whereas the Permo-Carboniferous igneous in this area have been rarely investigated,leading to the time and way of the closing of the Paleo-Asian Ocean can not be unified directly,and more importantly,restricting a deeper insight into the tectonic evolution of the central southern Altaids in late Paleozoic.In this paper,we carried out a systematic study of the petrography,whole rock geochemistry,zircon U-Pb dating for the Wuliji intrusions,which are located in the Shalazhashan structural belt that spreading between the Engewusu fault belt and Badanjilin fault belt.Our results demonstrated that the Wuliji intrusions are mainly composed of granodiorite and granite,the weighted average ages of two samples from granodiorite are 266.00±1.00 Ma(MSWD=0.69)、267.76±0.97 Ma(MSWD=0.26),and the weighted average ages of three samples from granite are 254.57±0.99 Ma(MSWD=0.79)、253.70±1.70 Ma(MSWD=2.50)、252.50±2.90 Ma(MSWD=4.70). The SiO2 contents of the granodiorite are between 64.13%-67.17%,while the granite are between 68.08%-75.29%,the Na2O+K2O contents of the granodiorite are between 6.40%-7.00%,while the granite are between 7.09%-7.94%,both are I-type granites with medium degree of differentiation. They are depleted in Nb、Ta、P、Ti and HREEs,but relatively enriched in K、Zr、Hf and LREEs,the total content rations of LREE and HREE are between 6.49-17.45 and the fractionation of the HREEs is obvious. The (La/Yb)N values of granodiorite are between 6.21-8.80,while the granite are between 9.21-22.06. Geochemistry shows that the two stages intrusions were resulted from crust-mantle interaction with the crust as the major magmatic source and the separate crystallization,fluid metasomatism. The geological,elemental and isotopic evidences show that the Paleo-Asian Ocean maybe closed in Pre-Permian,and the Alxa was in-board evolution since Permian,the Wuliji area was under the transformation phase from regional syn-orogenic squeeze to post-orogenic extension or post-collision extension phase.
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Key words:
- Wuliji intrusions /
- Permo-Carboniferous /
- crust-mantle interaction /
- post-collision /
- Paleo-Asian Ocean /
- geochemistry
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图 1 阿拉善地区大地构造位置(a)和地质简图(b)
改自史兴俊等(2016);1.前寒武系；2.志留系；3.泥盆系；4.石炭系；5.二叠系；6.三叠系；7.中新生界；8.泥盆纪花岗岩；9.石炭纪花岗岩；10.二叠纪辉长岩；11.二叠纪花岗岩；12.中生代花岗岩；13.碱性岩；14.断层；15.国界；16.研究区；图中所引用的参考文献:任康绪等(2005)；李俊建(2006)；韩宝福等(2010)；仵康林(2011)；赵磊等(2011)；耿元生和周喜文(2012)；李杰(2012)；冉皞等(2012)；史兴俊等(2012, 2014)；张建军等(2012)；Feng et al.(2013)；张磊等(2013)；张文等(2013)；Dan et al.(2014, 2015, 2016);刘治博和张维杰(2014a, 2014b)；Shi et al.(2014)；徐学义等(2014)；杨奇荻等(2014)；Wang et al.(2014)；Wei et al.(2014)；Zheng et al.(2014)；陈高潮等(2015)；史兴俊(2015)；郑荣国等(2016)
Fig. 1. Tectonic location (a) and geological sketch map (b) of the Alxa area
图 2 阿拉善北缘区域构造简图(a)、乌力吉地区地质简图(b)
1.第四系；2.白垩系；3.石炭-二叠系；4.晚三叠世肉红色花岗岩；5.晚二叠世花岗岩；6.中二叠世花岗闪长岩；7.晚石炭世辉长岩；8.断层；9.同位素测年样；10.岩石地球化学样；11.阿木山组实测地质剖面AA'
Fig. 2. Tectonic setting of northern margin of the Alxa block (a) and geological map of Wuliji area(b)
图 3 乌力吉花岗岩、花岗闪长岩露头及显微照片(正交偏光)
a.花岗岩脉；b.花岗岩与石英砂岩接触带；c.花岗闪长岩内的暗色包体；d.花岗岩露头；e、f.花岗岩显微照片；g.花岗闪长岩露头；h、i.花岗闪长岩显微照片；Am.角闪石；Bt.黑云母；Kfs.钾长石；Pl.斜长石；Qtz.石英
Fig. 3. Rock outcrop photographs and microphotographs of the Wuliji granite and granodiorite (cross polarized light)
图 4 乌力吉岩体锆石阴极发光图像、分析位置及分析点的206Pb/238U年龄
年龄单位为Ma
Fig. 4. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images, analytical locations, the 206Pb/238U ages of the Wuliji intrusions
图 6 An-Ab-Or图解(a)、A/NK-A/CNK图解(b)、Na2O+K2O-SiO2图解(c)、K2O-SiO2图解(d)
a.据Baker(1979)；b.据Maniar and Piccoli(1989)；c.据Middlemost(1994)；d.实线据Peccerillo and Taylor(1976), 虚线据Middlemost(1985)；其中c，d横纵坐标均表示为百分比数值；5.花岗闪长岩；6.花岗岩；Ir.上碱性, 下亚碱性
Fig. 6. Plot of An-Ab-Or(a), A/NK vs. A/CNK(b), Na2O+K2O vs. SiO2(c) and K2O vs. SiO2(d)
图 7 球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线(a)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)
Fig. 7. Chondritc-normalized REE patterns(a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace elements spider(b)
图 8 P2O5-SiO2(a)、Rb-Y(b)、SiO2-Ce(c)、10 000×Ga/Al-(Na2O+K2O)/CaO(d)、Na2O-K2O(e)、SiO2-Al2O3(f)、SiO2-MgO(g)、SiO2-TFe2O3(h)、SiO2-TiO2(i)、SiO2-K2O+Na2O(j)图解
d.据Whalen et al.(1987)；e.据Collins et al.(1982)；其中图a, c, e, f, g, i的横纵坐标单位均为%，图b横纵坐标单位为10-6
Fig. 8. Plot of P2O5 vs. SiO2(a)、Rb vs. Y(b)、SiO2 vs. Ce(c)、10 000×Ga/Al vs.(Na2O+K2O)/CaO(d)、Na2O vs. K2O(e)、SiO2 vs. Al2O3(f)、SiO2 vs. MgO(g)、SiO2 vs. TFe2O3(h)、SiO2 vs. TiO2(i)、SiO2 vs. K2O+Na2O(j)
图 9 上石炭统阿木山组实测地质剖面图AAx
剖面位置见图 2；1.砂砾石；2.变质岩屑砂岩；3.变质岩屑粉砂岩；4.变质砂岩；5.变质粉砂岩；6.变质流纹岩；7.变质砾岩；8.变质岩屑石英砂岩；9.砂屑细晶灰岩；10.结晶灰岩；11.含生物碎屑灰岩；12.泥晶灰岩；13.砾屑灰岩；14.花岗斑岩；15.花岗闪长岩；16.鲕粒；17.推测断层；18.逆断层；Q.晚更新世洪坡积物；C2a2.阿木山组二段；C2a1.阿木山组一段；P2γδ.中二叠世花岗闪长岩
Fig. 9. The geological profile AAx of the Upper Carboniferous Amushan Formation
图 10 上石炭统阿木山组典型特征照片
a.碳质页岩及(粉)砂岩露头照片；b.砾岩露头照片；c.砂岩中的灰岩砾石照片
Fig. 10. The photos of typical characteristics of the Upper Carboniferous Amushan Formation
图 11 R1-R2构造判别图解(a)及样品与典型的后碰撞花岗岩大洋中脊标准化图解对比(b)
a.据Batchelor and Bowden(1985)；b.据典型同碰撞花岗岩数据和标准化值据Pearce et al.(1984)
Fig. 11. R1-R2 tectonic discrimination diagram (a) and the contrast between ocean ridge granite (ORG) normalized geochemical patterns for the samples from Wuliji intrusions and typical post-collision granites (b)
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