潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段盐韵律层页岩储层孔隙结构特征

李乐; 刘爱武; 漆智先; 吴世强; 管文静

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2019.220

潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段盐韵律层页岩储层孔隙结构特征

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.220

1.
中国石油化工股份有限公司江汉油田分公司勘探开发研究院, 湖北武汉 430223
2.
中国地质大学资源学院, 湖北武汉 430074
3.
中国石油化工股份有限公司江汉油田分公司物探研究院, 湖北武汉 430223

基金项目:

国家"十三五"科技重大专项 2017ZX05049005

中国博士后科学基金项目 2018M632950

详细信息

作者简介:
李乐(1985-), 男, 博士后, 主要从事储层地质方面研究工作

中图分类号: P595
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-11
- 刊出日期: 2020-02-15

Pore Structure Characteristics of Shale Reservoir of the Lower Qian 4 Member in the Wangchang Anticline of the Qianjiang Sag

1.
Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Sinopec Jianghan Oilfield Company, Wuhan 430223, China
2.
Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Research Institute of Geophysical Prospecting, Sinopec Jianghan Oilfield Company, Wuhan 430223, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段14号韵律层页岩储层孔隙结构特征及探讨岩石物性优越性的受控因素，开展了X射线粉晶全岩、岩石物性、高压压汞、氮气吸附、微米CT扫描及聚集离子束扫描等分析.研究显示：储层主要由白云石（平均40.5%）、方解石（平均10.4%）；长石（平均16.5%）、黏土矿物（平均11.2%）、硬石膏（平均10.8%）及石英（5.9%）构成；岩石为"高-中孔（平均17.6%），特低渗（平均0.043 6 mD）"储层类型；各岩性（除泥质灰岩）中大孔率高（平均79.7%）的特点促成了孔隙性的优良，白云石及方解石含量与大介孔率的相关性指示白云石化与大孔形成密切相关；白云石化协同方解石沉积带来的细小孔喉奠定了渗透性差的基础，硬石膏含量与几何迂曲度的正相关性指示硬石膏化对孔喉空间复杂度的加强及对渗透性的恶化，配位数少（主峰3个）及退汞效率低（平均40%）反映的连通性较差对渗透性亦有一定的影响.
- 潜江凹陷 /
- 潜四下段 /
- 盐韵律层 /
- 页岩 /
- 孔隙结构 /
- 油气地质
Abstract: The analyses of X-ray powder diffraction,porosity and permeability,high pressure mercury,nitrogen adsorption,Micro-CT scanning,and FIB-SEM were performed,aiming to understand the pore structure characteristics of the shale reservoir and discuss the controlling factors of the superiority of rock physical property of of different lithologies of the 14th cyclotherm of the Lower Qian4 Member in the Wangchang anticline of the Qianjiang sag. Studies show that the reservoir consists mainly of dolomite (40.5% on average),calcite (10.4% on average),feldspar (16.5% on average),clay minerals (11.2% on average),anhydrite (10.8% on average),and quartz (5.9% on average); the rock is "high-medium porosity (average 17.6%) and very low permeability (average 0.043 6 mD)" type; high macropore rate (79.7% on average) within each lithology (except argillaceous limestone) contributes to excellent porosity,and the correlation between dolomite and calcite content and macopore and micropore rate indicates that dolomitization is closely related to the formation of macropore. Dolomiticzation along with calcite precipiatation lays the foundation of poor permeability,and the positive correlation between anhydrite content and geometrical tortuosity indicates the enhancement of the space complexity of the pore throat and the deterioration of permeability. The less connecting number (main peak at 3) and the low efficiency of mercury withdrawal (40% on average) reflect poor connectivity which also has a certain effect on permeability.
- Qianjiang Sag /
- Lower Qian4 Member /
- cyclotherm /
- shale /
- pore structure /
- oil-gas geology

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图 1 研究区地质图

a.潜江凹陷潜四下段底面构造图；b.潜江凹陷古近系地层简图，据Fang et al. (2006)，有修改

Fig. 1. Geological maps of research area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段14号韵律层典型岩性(岩心胶封照片)

a.泥质白云岩，纹层发育，2 608.84~2 608.91 m；b.白云质泥岩，纹层发育，2 601.66~2 601.73 m；c.硬石膏岩，2 612.24 ~2 612.31 m

Fig. 2. Reprehensive lithologies of the 14th cyclotherm of the lower Qian4 Member in the Wangchang anticline of the Qianjiang sag

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段14号韵律层各岩性毛管压力曲线

a.泥质白云岩；b.泥质白云岩，含灰(M3和M7)及含硬石膏(M4和M9)；c.白云质泥岩，含灰(M11)及含硬石膏(M5)；d.泥质灰岩(M1)、含灰-云泥岩(M2)及云-泥质硬石膏岩(M6)

Fig. 3. Capillary pressure curves of different lithologies from the 14th cyclotherm of the lower Qian4 Member in the Wangchang Anticline of the Qianjiang Sag

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图 4 潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段14号韵律层各岩性高压压汞(a~d)及氮气吸附(e~h)孔隙直径分布图

a, e.泥质白云岩；b, f.泥质白云岩，含灰(M3和M7)及含硬石膏(M4和M9)；c, g.白云质泥岩，含灰(M11)及含硬石膏(M5)；d, h.泥质灰岩(M1)、含灰-云泥岩(M2)及云―泥质硬石膏岩(M6)

Fig. 4. Distribution of pore diameter from different lithologies of the 14th cyclotherm of the lower Qian4 Member in the Wangchang Anticline of the Qianjiang Sag by mecury injection and gas adsortion analysis

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图 5 潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段14号韵律层各岩性低温氮气吸-脱附曲线

Fig. 5. Adsorption-desorption isotherms of N2 at liquid N2(-197.3 ℃) temperature of different lithologies of the 14th cyclotherm of the lower Qian4 Member in the Wangchang Anticline of the Qianjiang Sag

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段14号韵律层泥质白云岩Micro-CT三维模型及孔隙直径分布图

a.次级柱塞样CT图像；b.孔隙系统三维提取模型；c.孔隙直径分布；岩心孔隙度为18.5%

Fig. 6. 3D model and distribution of pore diameter of the argillaceous dolomite in the 14th cyclotherm of the lower Qian4 Member in the Wangchang Anticline of the Qianjiang Sag by Micro-CT analysis

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图 7 潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段14号韵律层泥质白云岩FIB-SEM三维模型及孔隙直径分布图

(a)岩样三维重构模型；(b)孔隙系统三维提取模型；(c)孔体直径分布；(d)孔喉直径分布

Fig. 7. 3D model and distribution of pore diameter of the argillaceous dolomite in the 14th cyclotherm of the lower Qian4 Member in the Wangchang Anticline of the Qianjiang Sag by FIB-SEM analysis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段14号韵律层泥质白云岩配位数分布图

Fig. 8. Connected number of the argillaceous dolomite in the 14th cyclotherm of the lower Qian4 Member in the Wangchang Anticline of the Qianjiang Sag

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段14号韵律层孔隙度与白云石和方解石(a)以及泥质和硬石膏(b)相关关系图

Fig. 9. Relationship between porosity and dolomite & calcite(a), muddy component & anhyrite(b) in the 14th cyclotherm of the lower Qian4 Member in the Wangchang Anticline of the Qianjiang Sag

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段14号韵律层各矿物与大、介孔率相关关系图

a.白云石及方解石与大孔率相关关系；b.泥质及硬石膏与大孔率相关关系；c.白云石及方解石与介孔率相关关系；d.泥质及硬石膏与介孔率相关关系

Fig. 10. Relationship between different minerals and macropore, micropore in the 14th cyclotherm of the lower Qian4 Member in the Wangchang Anticline of the Qianjiang Sag

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图 11 潜江凹陷王场背斜潜四下段14号韵律层硬石膏与渗透率(a)及几何迂曲度(b)相关关系图

Fig. 11. Relationship between anhydrite content and permeability(a) and geometrical tortuosity(b) in the 14th cyclotherm of the lower Qian4 Member in the Wangchang Anticline of the Qianjiang Sag

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 2 国内外主要页岩油产层储层地质参数统计表

Table 2. Geological data of major pay zones of the shale oil at home and abroad

构造单元		Williston盆地		Western Gulf盆地		Permian盆地		沁阳凹陷
地层		Bakken中段		Eagle Ford组		Wolfcamp组		核桃园组
埋深(m)		3 155.7~3 203.1		2 409.4~2 849.9		\		2 414~2 452
岩性		白云质粉砂，粉砂质白云岩		泥灰岩		钙质页岩、硅质页岩		灰质页岩，粉砂质页岩
参数		范围	平均	范围	平均	范围	平均	范围	平均
碳酸盐类型及含量	方解石(%)	0~7	1.4	8~83	53	\	\	1~42	10
碳酸盐类型及含量	白云石(%)	39~63	53	0~2.0	0.5	\	\	2~26	17
岩石物性	孔隙度(%)	4.0~11.0	7.0	1.6~14.0	4.8	9.0~12.2	10.3	2.7~5.8	4.3
岩石物性	脉充衰减渗透率(μD)	\	\	\	\	0.068~1.010	0.250	\	\
高压压汞	压汞孔隙度(%)	\	\	0.32~10.27	4.7	\	\	\	\
	压汞渗透率(μD)	\	\	0.002 6~0.864 7	0.247 7	0.004 4~0.775 0	0.190 0	\	\
	中值孔喉(μm)	\	\	0.007 3~0.013 5	0.009 9	0.004 0	\	\	\
	介孔率(%)	4~99	\	94~100	\	99	\	\	\
	大孔率(%)	< 1~96	\	0~6	\	< 1	\	\	\
氮气吸附	微孔率(%)	\	\	\	\	\	\	20.56~34.73	26.5
	介孔率(%)	\	\	\	\	\	\	58.76~70.00	62.1
	大孔率(%)	\	\	\	\	\	\	5.45~16.37	11.4
备注		大、介孔率由文中图 2.17中读取		大、介孔率由文中附录A图A中读取		大、介孔率由文中图 10读取		孔隙度为核磁孔隙度
数据来源		Nandy (2017)		Ramiro-Ramirez (2016)		Rafatian and Capsan (2015)		张文昭(2014)

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