Potential for Shale Gas Exploration of Xuefengshan Foreland Basin of Lower Silurian
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摘要: 雪峰山志留系前陆盆地分布在湘中-湘西北-四川盆地，是上扬子板块主要的盆地类型，目前针对该前陆盆地沉积特征和页岩气勘探潜力的研究少见.根据野外资料、测井资料和分析测试资料分析了湘西北和湘中地区前陆盆地沉积建造过程和页岩气勘探潜力.结果表明湘中前陆盆地前渊带以浊积扇和浅海陆棚相沉积为主，而湘西北隆后盆地沉积相类型丰富，包括潮坪相、浅海陆棚相、滨岸相、三角洲相和碳酸盐岩台地相等.虽然前渊带和隆后盆地沉积相类型和沉积厚度差异较大，但沉积旋回的划分却是一致的，因此前渊带和隆后盆地相互连通，雪峰山对其两侧盆地的遮挡作用有限.地球化学测试分析表明研究区隆后盆地页岩的有机碳含量、有机质类型均较四川盆地的焦石坝差.湖南地区志留系页岩各项地化指标较差的主要原因是其缺少龙马溪组第一旋回的黑色碳质页岩.Abstract: The Xuefengshan Silurian foreland basin is located in the Central-Northwest Hunan-Sichuan basin, which is the main basin type of the Upper Yangtze plate. Sedimentary formation process and shale gas exploration potential of foreland basins in Northwest and Central Hunan are analyzed based on field data, logging data and testing data. The facies of foredeep include turbidite fan and shelf. Facies of back bulge basin include tidal flat, shelf, shore, delta and carbonate platform facies and so on. So, facies in back bulge basin are more abundant than in foredeep. Though the facies are different greatly in foredeep and back bulge basin, the sedimentary cycles in those systems are coherent. So foredeep and back bulge basin are connected and Xuefengshan obstructing is limited for the foredeep and back bulge basin distributed around Xufengshan. Based on geochemistry data and analysis data, TOC and organic matter type in study area are poorer than in Jiaoshiba area in Sichuan basin. Based on regional section correlation, black carbonaceous shale distributed at the bottom of Longmaxi Formation is absent in the study, causing TOC and organic matter type being poorer than in Jiaoshiba. The main reason for the poor geochemical indexes of Silurian shale in Hunan is the lack of black carbonaceous shale in the first cycle of Longmaxi Formation.
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Key words:
- Yangtze plate /
- foreland basin /
- Silurian /
- carbonaceous shale /
- Jiaoshiba /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 上扬子志留系前陆盆地示意及研究区位置
Fig. 1. Sketch figure of foreland basin in the Upper Yangtze and the study area
图 2 湖南省志留纪地层分布及分区
1.露头分布区；2.地层分区界限；3.剖面位置；4.湘北区；5.雪峰山地区；6.剥蚀区（无沉积记录）；7.研究区位置；8.地名；9.图 1剖面位置
Fig. 2. Distribution zone of Silurian in Hunan Province
图 4 湘西北龙马溪组沉积特征
a.龙山比洞剖面龙马溪组浅海陆棚相页岩；b.长峰村剖面页岩中发育的笔石
Fig. 4. Sedimentary characteristics of Longmaxi Formation in Northwest Hunan
图 5 湘西北永页2井下志留统沉积相划分
Fig. 5. Facies division of Well Yongye 2 of Lower Silurian in Northwest Hunan
图 6 湘西北罗惹坪组沉积特征
a.茅草坪潮坪相潮上带和潮下带沉积特征；b.永顺三角洲相砂岩与泥页岩；c.吴家院滨岸相石英砂岩；d.龙山比洞碳酸盐岩台地相生物灰岩
Fig. 6. Sedimentary characteristics of Luoreping Formation in Northwest Hunan
图 7 湘中地区龙马溪组浊积岩沉积特征
a.横溪浊积砂岩与暗色页岩互层；b.横溪具鲍马序列的杂砂岩；c.横溪罗惹坪组石英杂砂岩（单偏光）；d.横溪浊积岩与泥岩侵蚀接触关系
Fig. 7. Turbidite characteristics deposited in Longmaxi Formation in Northwest Hunan
图 8 湘西北-湘中龙山比洞-横溪志留系沉积相对比（雪峰山隆起纵向比例夸大）
Fig. 8. Facies correlation of Silurian of Bidong in Longshan-Wentang-Maocaopu in Taoyuan-Hengxi, northwest-central Hunan (vertical exaggeration)
图 9 湖南地区龙马溪组沉积相平面图
a.龙马溪组早期沉积相平面图；b.龙马溪组晚期沉积相平面图
Fig. 9. Facies plan maps of Longmaxi Formation in Hunan area
图 11 湖南地区龙马溪组页岩样品X衍射矿物成分
Fig. 11. Mineral compositions of Longmaxi Formation samples from X- ray diffraction in Hunan area
图 12 重庆石柱-湖南桑植淋溪河-湖南温塘志留系旋回对比
Fig. 12. Cycle correlation of Silurian of Shizhu in Chongqing-Linxihe in Sangzhi-Wentang in Hunan
表 1 湘西北隆后盆地永页2井龙马溪组-罗惹坪组TOC及含气量
Table 1. TOC and gas content of Longmaxi and Luoreping Formations in Well Yongye 2, Longhou basin, Northwest Hunan
组 深度（m） 岩性 笔石 TOC（%） 总含气量(m3·t-1) 解析气(m3·t-1) φ(CH4)（%） 罗惹坪组 1 300~1 485 灰色页岩 未见 0.10~0.50 < 0.1 < 0.10 10~40 龙马溪组 1 485~1 508 灰黑色页岩 一般 0.12~0.74 < 1 < 0.10 84~95 龙马溪组 1 508~1 518 灰黑色粉砂质页岩 丰富 1.00~2.81 1.00~2.00 0.50~1.00 92~96 
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