板溪锑矿两类石英脉成因及其对找矿的指示意义

林智炜; 吴堑虹; 李欢; 奚小双; 孔华; 唐宇蔷; 刘飚

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2019.207

板溪锑矿两类石英脉成因及其对找矿的指示意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.207

林智炜^{1, 2, 3,},
吴堑虹^{1, 2, 3, ,},
李欢^{1, 2, 3, ,},
奚小双^{1, 2, 3},
孔华^{1, 2, 3},
唐宇蔷^{1, 2, 3},
刘飚^{1, 2, 3}

1.
中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院, 湖南长沙 410083
2.
中南大学有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410083
3.
有色资源与地质灾害探查湖南省重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410083

基金项目:

中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目 2018zzts068

详细信息

作者简介:
林智炜(1994-), 男, 硕士研究生, 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业

通讯作者:
吴堑虹

李欢

中图分类号: P611
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-15

The Genesis of Two Types of Quartz Veins in Banxi Antimony Deposit and Their Prospecting Significance

Lin Zhiwei^{1, 2, 3
,},
Wu Qianhong^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
Li Huan^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
Xi Xiaoshuang^{1, 2, 3},
Kong Hua^{1, 2, 3},
Tang Yuqiang^{1, 2, 3},
Liu Biao^{1, 2, 3}

1.
School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
3.
Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Changsha 410083, China

摘要

摘要: 板溪矿区内广泛发育无矿石英脉，其与含矿石英脉空间关系密切，但人们对两者是否具有成因联系并不清楚.围绕该问题作者开展了二者形成时代、成分组成及物质来源等方面的对比研究，结果发现含矿石英脉旁侧总是发育与其平行的无矿石英脉，二者无穿插关系，但存在连接二者的石英脉，结合区域地质资料认为无矿石英脉形成于燕山期，与含矿石英脉形成时代一致；无矿石英脉局部含微量辉锑矿±黄铁矿，脉体发育绢云母化、硅化等围岩蚀变，与含矿石英脉一致；无矿石英脉流体包裹体均一温度(143~266℃)和盐度(1.7%~8.5% NaCl eqv.)较含矿石英脉的均一温度(185~332℃)和盐度(3.3%~7.7% NaCl eqv.)略低，但二者均为中低温、低盐度的流体体系；激光拉曼分析显示两者流体气相组分均为H₂O±CO₂±CH₄±N₂，LA-ICP-MS测试结果显示无矿石英脉与含矿石英脉均含Sb、Fe、As等元素；无矿石英脉包裹体的δD值(-74.4‰~-69.7‰)、δ¹⁸O_H2O值(2.6‰~3.4‰)、硫化物δ³⁴S值(3.04‰~4.87‰)与含矿石英脉包裹体的δD值(-140‰~-107‰)、δ¹⁸O_H2O值(5.9‰~8.4‰)、硫化物δ³⁴S值(3.46‰~6.12‰)相似性较高，指示二者具有相同的物质来源.两类石英脉应属同一成矿热液系统，其差异是成矿流体混合的结果，因此其他热液矿床，特别是矿田范围内的无矿石英脉可能对矿脉具有指示作用，应引起重视.
- 无矿石英脉 /
- 热液矿床 /
- 流体包裹体 /
- 流体组分 /
- 板溪锑矿 /
- 矿床地质
Abstract: The Banxi antimony deposit is located in the Central Hunan Sb belt,which is a quartz vein type deposit that has been mined for more than 100 years. Like many hydrothermal deposits,the Banxi deposit has many ore-free quartz veins,which are parallel with the ore-bearing quartz veins at a relatively fixed distance. However,the genetic connection between ore-free and ore-bearing veins is not clear. Based on the comparison of the forming age and fluid components of the two types of quartz veins,the genetic relationship between the two types of quartz veins and the possible geological significance of the ore-free quartz veins are discussed. Field observations,examination of fluid inclusions and hydrogen,oxygen,and sulfur isotope analyses reveal that the two types of quartz veins has no interpenetrating relationship,but the ore-free and ore-bearing veins are physically connected. Integrated with regional geological data,it is concluded that the ore-free vein was formed in Yanshanian period,which was consistent with the ore-bearing vein. The ore-free quartz veins contain a small amount of stibnite and pyrite. Sericitization,silicification and other types of wall rock alteration are both developed on the side of the two types of veins. Micro thermometric analyses of fluid inclusion in ore-free quartz veins yield homogenization temperature ranges of 143-266 ℃ and salinities of 1.7%-8.5% NaCl eqv.. While ore-bearing quartz veins inclusions have ranges of 185-332 ℃ with salinities of 3.3%-7.7% NaCl eqv.,showing that both types of veins formed in medium-low temperature and low salinity fluid systems. Laser Raman analyses of a fluid inclusion from both types of veins show that the gas phase components of both fluids are H₂O±CO₂±CH₄±N₂. LA-ICP-MS test results confirm that both types of veins contain the same elements (Sb,Fe,As,etc.),and that their fluid components are very similar. The values of δD and δ¹⁸O_H2O of the ore-free quartz veins vary from -69.7‰ to -74.4‰,and 2.6‰ to 3.4‰,while the values in ore-bearing quartz vein vary from -140‰ to -107‰,and 5.9‰ to 8.4‰. The values of δ³⁴S of sulfide are 3.04‰-4.87‰ (ore-free quartz vein) and 3.46‰-6.12‰ (ore-bearing quartz vein). Previous geologic work and field observations during this study indicate that quartz porphyry veins in the mining area developed without significant magmatic activity. This suggests that the original fluid for both types of veins was metamorphic water,and that the nature of quartz veins changed with time,regional cooling and different levels of meteoric water participation. In both types of veins,sulfur found in sulfides was derived from the host formation. The spatial relationship between the two types of quartz veins and their similar components and sources of ore-forming materials indicate that the two types of quartz veins are close to the same age of formation and belong to the same metallogenic hydrothermal system. The slight difference in geological and geochemical characteristics between the two types of quartz veins is the result of the continuous evolution and differentiation of ore-forming fluids. The study of the genetic relationship between the two types of quartz veins provides an example for the study of the ore-forming fluid mixing of this type of deposit. The distribution characteristics of the two types of quartz veins parallel at a relatively fixed distance not only provide a new mark for prospecting for banxi antimony deposit,but also enlighten us to pay attention to the possible indicating role of ore-free quartz veins in some deposits of this type or in the new exploration area for the ore-bearing quartz veins.
- ore-free quartz vein /
- hydrothermal deposits /
- fluid inclusions /
- fluid components /
- Banxi antimony deposit /
- deposit geology

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图 1 板溪锑矿床地质简图

a.板溪锑矿区域地质图(彭建堂等, 2008)；b.板溪锑矿矿区及边部地质图(Li et al., 2018)；c.板溪锑矿8线石英脉空间关系剖面图；d.板溪锑矿19中段石英脉空间关系平面图；e.板溪锑矿17中段石英脉空间关系平面图. 1.三叠系-泥盆系地层; 2.元古界地层; 3.志留系-震旦系地层; 4.花岗岩; 5.锑矿点; 6.断层; 7.板溪群五强溪组上段第三亚段; 8.板溪群五强溪组上段第二亚段; 9.板溪群五强溪组上段第一亚段; 10.蚀变带; 11.勘探线; 12.含矿石英脉; 13.无矿石英脉; 14.巷道; 15.钻孔; 16.采样位置

Fig. 1. Geologic sketch map of the Banxi antimony deposit

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图 2 板溪锑矿两类石英脉野外地质特征

a.绢云母化和毒砂化围岩；b.硅化围岩；c.无矿石英脉中的绿泥石；d.含矿石英脉中的稠密细脉浸染状辉锑矿和角砾状石英；e.含矿石英脉中稠密浸染状辉锑矿，块状辉锑矿围岩发生强烈的褪色化与毒砂化；f.含矿石英脉中稀疏细脉浸染状辉锑矿；g.富矿石英脉与贫矿石英脉平行排列；h.含细脉状辉锑矿的石英脉；i.含星点状辉锑矿的石英脉；j.不规则状无矿石英脉；k.连接无矿与含矿脉的缓倾石英脉；l.成矿后石英方解石脉

Fig. 2. Field geological characteristics of ore-free and ore-bearing quartz veins in Banxi antimony deposit

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图 3 板溪锑矿两类石英脉矿物显微特征照片

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of ore-free and ore-bearing quartz veins in the Banxi antimony deposit

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图 4 板溪锑矿流体包裹体显微照片

a.含矿石英脉Ⅰ型包裹体和纯液相包裹体共生；b.含矿石英脉I, II, Ⅲ型包裹体共生；c.无矿石英脉Ⅰ型包裹体和纯液相包裹体共生；d.无矿石英脉Ⅰ型包裹体与Ⅲ型包裹体共生

Fig. 4. Micrographs of fluid inclusions in the Banxi antimony deposit

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图 5 两类石英脉流体包裹体均一温度与盐度直方图

a, b.无矿石英脉; c, d.含矿石英脉

Fig. 5. Histogram of homogenization temperature and salinity in fluid inclusions of two types of quartz veins in the Banxi antimony deposit

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图 6 板溪锑矿流体包裹体激光拉曼图谱

a, b.无矿石英脉Ⅰ型包裹体；c, d.无矿石英脉Ⅲ型包裹体；e.含矿石英脉Ⅰ型包裹体；f.含矿石英脉Ⅲ型包裹体

Fig. 6. Raman spectra of fluid inclusion in quartz veins of the Banxi antimony deposit

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图 7 板溪锑矿硫化物S同位素组成

Fig. 7. Histogram of δ³⁴S data for sulfide from the Banxi antimony deposit

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图 8 板溪锑矿流体包裹体盐度-均一温度关系

Fig. 8. Salinity-homogeneous temperature fluid inclusion plots of the Banxi antimony deposit

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图 9 板溪锑矿石英H-O同位素图解

底图据Taylor(1974)；渣滓溪矿床数据据何江等(1996)；沃溪矿床数据据何谷先(1996)；东安矿床数据据郭碧莹(2014)

Fig. 9. Plot of δD-δ¹⁸O_H2O of the fluids in the Banxi antimony deposit

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图 10 板溪锑矿成矿模式

Fig. 10. Metallogenic model of the Banxi antimony deposit

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表 1 板溪锑矿包裹体样品采集位置

Table 1. Sampling location of the Banxi ore deposit

样品号	采样位置	石英脉类型	矿物组合
BX1	19中段20与16线间穿脉脉壁	无矿石英脉	石英
BX2	18中段20线脉外巷		石英
BX3	17中段20与22线间脉外巷		石英+辉锑矿(微量)+黄铁矿(微量)
BX4	16中段20线附近沿脉		石英+辉锑矿(微量)
BX5	11中段19线	含矿石英脉	辉锑矿+石英
BX6	8中段2-2号矿体西端尾部		辉锑矿+石英
BX7	17中段28线		辉锑矿+石英+黄铁矿+毒砂
BX8	14中段2-1号矿体		辉锑矿+石英+黄铁矿
12D19S1	15中段22线		辉锑矿+石英
21D1S1	15中段11线		辉锑矿+石英
17D8S2	17中段32线至28线		辉锑矿+石英
802-1S1	17中段东端12线		辉锑矿+石英

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表 2 板溪锑矿床流体包裹体显微测温结果统计

Table 2. Microthermometric data of fluid inclusion in the Banxi Sb deposit

石英脉类型	样品编号	包裹体类型	数目	大小(μm)	Tm(℃)		Th(℃)		w(NaCl eqv.)(%)		ρ(g/cm³)
石英脉类型	样品编号	包裹体类型	数目	大小(μm)	范围	平均值	范围	平均值	范围	平均值	范围	平均值
无矿石英脉	BX1	Ⅰ	20	2~9	-5.5~-0.4	-2.8	159~262	210.6	0.6~8.5	4.5	0.86~0.92	0.891
	BX2	Ⅰ	20	3~12	-3.8~-1.9	-2.9	155~239	180.5	3.1~6.1	4.8	0.89~0.96	0.927
	BX3	Ⅰ	20	2~10	-4.1~-0.2	-2.6	142~232	189.6	0.3~6.5	4.2	0.88~0.96	0.911
	BX4	Ⅰ	18	2~10	-4.9~-1.2	-3.1	143~216	181.2	2.0~7.7	5.0	0.89~0.96	0.932
含矿石英脉	BX5	Ⅰ	20	2~8	-4.9~-2.0	-3.7	185~332	244.6	3.3~7.7	6.0	0.74~0.92	0.863
	BX6	Ⅰ	19	2~13	-4.7~-3.3	-4.0	203~320	257.3	5.3~7.4	6.3	0.59~0.90	0.829
	BX7	Ⅰ	20	3~11	-3.7~-2.1	-3.1	203~293	236.1	3.4~5.9	5.0	0.77~0.91	0.863
	BX8	Ⅰ	20	2~15	-2.7~-3.7	-3.2	202~249	225.3	4.4~5.9	5.2	0.86~0.90	0.880
注：流体的盐度和密度由FLINCOR程序(Brown，1989)计算所得.

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表 3 板溪锑矿流体包裹体LA-ICP-MS分析结果(10^-6)

Table 3. LA-ICP-MS analysis results of fluid inclusions in the Banxi antimony deposit (10^-⁶)

石英脉类型	序号	Fe	Ni	As	Rb	Sr	Sn	Sb	Te	Cs	Ba	W
无矿石英脉	1	2 626.7	39.5	28.3	6.2	17.0	45.6	412.5	44.2	7.7	13.2	0.4
	2	1 447.7	63.3	171.7	8.9	44.9	196.9	1 058.0	13.5	10.5	23.7	5.3
	3	2 501.0	41.7	155.0	16.9	24.1	41.9	166.2	8.0	3.7	16.2	4.2
	4	2 943.0	250.8	76.9	14.1	58.2	101.9	864.0	56.8	8.4	43.0	11.4
	5	4 205.8	38.9	23.3	5.8	31.0	37.1	46.3	15.5	18.1	50.1	4.0
	6	534.9	20.8	13.7	2.4	29.3	84.7	697.7	10.7	25.2	5.0	2.8
	7	9 732.4	112.2	25.5	5.9	131.6	289.9	269.9	134.6	53.4	15.6	28.5
	8	853.7	77.5	-	5.3	19.0	27.9	208.6	-	1.9	12.1	0.9
	均值	3 105.7	80.6	70.6	8.2	44.4	103.3	465.4	40.5	16.1	22.4	7.2
含矿石英脉	1	-	1 011.6	160.1	-	82.7	125.9	4 631.1	-	34.9	-	102.5
	2	13 809.5	-	476.3	34.0	-	-	2 999.2	742.7	-	-	2.6
	3	5 331.9	228.7	608.4	0.3	88.7	92.2	3 058.1	400.4	33.9	127.3	-
	4	9 761.5	53.7	370.7	12.3	15.0	341.5	791.4	4.4	-	303.7	22.2
	5	8 333.8	71.5	369.7	62.6	74.9	-	3 237.7	-	61.1	237.0	5.1
	均值	9 309.2	341.4	397.0	27.3	65.4	186.5	2 943.5	382.5	43.3	222.7	33.1
注：“-”为低于检测限；表中数据使用SILLS软件(Guillong et al., 2008)处理.

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表 4 板溪锑矿石英脉H-O同位素组成

Table 4. H and O isotope composition of quartz vein in the Banxi antimony deposit

样品编号	石英脉类型	测试矿物	δD_V-SMOW(‰)	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW(‰)	δ¹⁸O_H2O(‰)	均一温度(℃)
BX2	无矿石英脉	石英	-69.7	15.6	2.6	181
BX3			-70.8	15.4	3.4	195
BX4			-74.4	15.2	2.2	181
12D19S1	含矿石英脉	石英	-140	17.2	8.4	253
21D1S1			-124	16.5	6.7	233
17D8S2			-121	15.9	6.5	240
802-1S1			-107	16.1	5.9	225

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表 5 板溪锑矿硫化物S同位素组成

Table 5. S isotope composition of sulfides in the Banxi antimony deposit

样品号	硫化物类型	石英脉类型	δ³⁴S (‰)
BX-3-1	辉锑矿	无矿石英脉	3.18
BX-3-2	辉锑矿		3.04
BX-4-1	辉锑矿		3.10
BX-4-2	辉锑矿		3.20
BX-3-3	黄铁矿		4.87
BX-3-4	黄铁矿		4.64
BX-3-5	黄铁矿		4.87
BX-7-1	辉锑矿	含矿石英脉	3.46
BX-7-2	辉锑矿		3.60
BX-7-3	辉锑矿		3.46
BX-7-4	黄铁矿		6.06
BX-7-5	黄铁矿		6.04
BX-7-6	黄铁矿		6.07
BX-7-7	毒砂		6.12
BX-7-8	毒砂		5.99
BX-7-9	毒砂		6.12

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