Advance in Study of Terrestrial Permian-Triassic Boundary Stratigraphic Sequence in Southern Great Xing'an Range and Its Significance: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Chronology and Biostratigraphy
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摘要: 陆相二叠纪-三叠纪地层划分与对比研究对认识该时期全球性重大生物和环境事件具有重要意义.以大兴安岭南段阿鲁科尔沁旗坤都地区新发现的下三叠统老龙头组为研究对象, 重点对二叠系-三叠系接触关系开展详细调查研究, 系统采集了界线上下的古生物化石, 对老龙头组火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb同位素测试分析, 并确定了老龙头组与下伏林西组呈平行不整合接触关系, 两者之间存在短暂沉积间断.生物地层显示林西组时代为晚二叠世晚期, 老龙头组古生物匮乏, 可能与二叠系-三叠系之交的生物灭绝事件有关.而老龙头组中3个同位素年龄值分别为251.5±2.2 Ma、249.7±2.5 Ma和249.5±1.8 Ma, 时代指示为早三叠世, 然而二叠系-三叠系界线的准确位置还需进一步研究.大兴安岭南段普遍存在可能与古亚洲洋闭合有关的早三叠世岩浆事件, 古亚洲洋沿着西拉木伦河缝合带发生碰撞闭合, 其闭合时限至少持续至早三叠世, 老龙头组是两大板块拼贴碰撞作用的产物.Abstract: The identification and comparation of terrestrial Permian-Triassic have great significance to the understanding of coeval major global biological and environmental events. In this paper, it focuses on the newly discovered Lower Triassic Laolongtou Formation in Kundu area of Arkhorqin Banner, southern Great Xing'an Range. The contact relationship of Permian-Triassic stratigraphy was studied in particular, plant fossils and palynological fossils above and below the boundary were collected, and the zircon isotopic U-Pb analysis from the volcanic interlayer in the Laolongtou Formation were also analyzed. It is confirmed that there is a parallel unconformity contact relationship between the Laolongtou Formation and the underlying Linxi Formation, and there is a short sedimentary gap between them. The biostratigraphic records show that the Linxi Formation was formed in the Late Permian, however, the Laolongtou Formation was lack of fossil evidence, which may be related to the extinction event at the intersection of the Permian and Triassic. Three isotopes ages from Laolongtou Formation were 251.5±2.2 Ma, 249.7±2.5 Ma and 249.5±1.8 Ma, indicating that they formed at Early Triassic. However, the exact location of the Permian-Triassic boundary needs further study. The Early Triassic magmatic events which widely outcropped at southern Great Xing'an Range area probably related with the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean. The Paleo-Asian Ocean finally closed along the Xilamulun River suture zone at least until the Early Triassic, and the sedimentary of Laolongtou Formation is the product of collision at its both sides.
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图 1 大地构造位置图(a)及区域地质简图(b)
图a据Şengör et al. (1993)修改；图b据赵英利等(2016)修改
Fig. 1. Geotectonic location map(a) and regional geological map(b)
图 2 内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗地区地质简图
1.第四系；2.侏罗系-白垩系；3.老龙头组；4.林西组；5.晚白垩世岩体；6.村镇；7.同位素样品；8.植物化石；9.孢粉化石
Fig. 2. Geological map of Arukeerqin, Inner Mongolia
图 3 研究区老龙头组与林西组平行不整合接触关系的野外露头
a-c.指示林西组与老龙头组不整合接触关系, 下部林西组为细碎屑岩, 发育水平层理；上部老龙头组为砂砾岩, 发育块状层理；d-e.指示接触关系近景, 中间发育古风化壳（红线标注位置）；f.指示风化壳近景, 呈蜂窝状紫色砂岩层；g.指示林西组顶部层出现的波痕（箭头指示）；h.指示林西组顶部层位出现的泥裂；i.指示老龙头组底部的高角度堆积的砾石, 砾石成分多为中性火山岩, 少量林西组粉砂岩；j.指示老龙头组底部的冲刷面构造；k.指示老龙头组中部沉积岩层与火山碎屑岩互层
Fig. 3. Outcrop of parallel unconformity contact between Laolongtou Formation and Linxi Formation
图 4 内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗地区下三叠统老龙头组综合柱状图
1.砾岩；2.砾砂岩；3.砂岩；4.细砂质粉砂岩；5.凝灰质粉砂岩；6.粉砂岩；7.粉砂质泥岩；8.泥岩；9.晶屑凝灰岩；10.流纹岩；11.植物化石；12.孢粉化石；13.同位素样品；14.采样位置；15.采样编号
Fig. 4. Integrated column of lower Triassic Laolongtou Formation in Arukeerqinqi, Inner Mongolia
图 5 内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗地区上二叠统林西组部分植物化石
a-b.寒带副芦木Paracalamites frigidus Neub., 标本号：a.SDHS1；b.PM415HS4；c-d.匙叶（未定种）Noeggerathiopsis sp., 标本号：c.BLHS3；d.BLHS4；e.柯来西匙叶Noeggerathiopsis clercii (Zal.) Radcz, 标本号：BLHS1；f.联合栉羊齿Pecopteris unita Brongniart, 标本号：PM415HS11；g.桫椤节羊齿（星囊蕨）营养叶Pecopteris (Asterotheca) cyatheca (Schloch.) Brongn., 标本号：PM415HS5；h.桫椤节羊齿（星囊蕨）生殖叶Pecopteris (Asterotheca) cyatheca (Schloch.) Brongn., 标本号：PM415HS7；i-m.布氏盾籽Peltaspermum buevichae Gomankov et Meyen, 标本号：PM411HS1-5；图版中白色线条均为1 cm
Fig. 5. The representative plant fossils of Upper Permian Linxi Formation in Arukeerqin, Inner Mongolia
图 6 内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗地区上二叠统林西组部分常见孢粉化石
1-15.褶叠宽沟粉Urmites complicates; 16.常见阿里粉Alisporites communis; 17.克氏粉（未定种）Klausipollenites sp.; 18.镰褶粉（未定种）Falcisporites sp.; 19.拟云杉粉（未定种）Piceaepollenites sp.; 20.假二肋粉（未定种）Gardenasporites sp.; 21.对弧假二肋粉Gardenasporites arcuatus; 22.波脱尼粉（未定种）Potonieisporites sp., 标本号：TC01BF6
Fig. 6. The representative pollen grains of Upper Permian Linxi Formation in Arukeerqin, Inner Mongolia
图 7 青灰色安山质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩（2016TW05）(a~b)、紫灰色钙铁质沉凝灰岩（2016TW06）（c~d）和青灰色安山质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩（2017TW08）(e~f)野外露头及镜下照片
Pl.斜长石, Or.正长石, Bi.黑云母, 镜下照片为正交偏光
Fig. 7. Outcrop and microscopic photos of livid andestic crystalline lithic tuff(a-b), purple gray calciferric tuff(c-d) and livid andestic crystalline lithic tuff(e-f)
图 8 老龙头组同位素锆石CL图像
Fig. 8. CL dqkx-44-10-3314 of isotopic zircon from the Laolongtou Formation
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