The Age and Sedimentary Environment of Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Fossils Layer in the Tianyuan Area of Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province
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摘要: 在湖南省株洲市天元区的戴家坪组发现了新的恐龙化石产出点.然而，关于赋存该恐龙化石地层的时代存在一定的争议.基于碎屑锆石U-Pb物源分析和孢粉数据对恐龙化石点进行了年代学和沉积学研究.从恐龙化石点的关键层位采集了孢粉和碎屑锆石样品，经过室内样品处理和数据分析，孢粉化石鉴定获得15属18种；根据具有时代意义的孢粉特征分子可以得到其共存延限带Aquilapollenites coriaceus-Betpakdalina pentaoculoides，把戴家坪组时代厘定为晚白垩世坎潘期（Campanian）-马斯特里赫特期（Maastrichtian）.碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄峰值主要为6个阶段：200~320 Ma、390~450 Ma、740~950 Ma、1 020~1 100 Ma、1 640~2 000 Ma和2 440~2 600 Ma，指示戴家坪组粗粒的沉积物主要来源于盆地SE侧的近源幕阜罗霄山，而细粒的沉积碎屑可能部分来自NW侧的黄陵等地区.Abstract: New dinosaur fossils were found from the Late Cretaceous Daijiaping Formation in the Zhuzhou Basin recently. However, the age of the dinosaur fossil formation remains controvercial. Based on the analysis of palynological types and detrital zircon U-Pb data, the age and geological background of the dinosaur fossils from the Tianyuan area, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, are reported here. 18 species of 15 genera of the main palynomorphs could obtain a concurrent-range Aquilapollenites coriaceus-Betpakdalina pentaoculoides zone. Through comparison of the typical palynomorphs from the Daijiaping Formation, the age of the formation can be accurately defined as Campanian-Maastrichtian. A series of detrital zircon samples are collected and analyzed from the key layers of dinosaur fossils, and the detrital zircon U-Pb age peaks can be divided into six stages: 200-320 Ma, 390-450 Ma, 740-950 Ma, 1 020-1 100 Ma, 1 640-2 000 Ma and 2 440-2 600 Ma. On the basis of detrital zircon and paleogeography analysis, coarse sediments of the Daijiaping Formation were mainly from the southeastern surrounding mountains, whereas parts of the fine-grained debris came from the northwestern Huangling area.
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Key words:
- Zhuzhou Basin /
- Late Cretaceous /
- dinosaur /
- palynology /
- detrital zircon /
- paleontology
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图 1 株洲盆地区域地质图
修改自《中华人民共和国地质图（中南）（1:1 500 000）》，中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心，2017
Fig. 1. The geological map of Zhuzhou Basin
图 3 株洲盆地戴家坪组主要孢粉化石
a.加厚鹰粉（Aquilapollenites coriaceus）；b.泰州繁瘤孢（Multinodisporites taizhouensisi）；c.亚三角塔里西粉（Talisiipites subtriangulus）；d.光滑三沟粉（Tricolpopollenites erugatus）；e.瘤纹单沟粉（Verrumonocolpites sp.）；f.大型具唇孢（Toroisporis (T.) cf. major）；g.东台五角粉（Pentapollenites dongtaiensis）；h.五眼别特帕克达拉粉（Betpakdalina pentaoculoides）
Fig. 3. The main polynomorphs of the Daijiaping Formation in the Zhuzhou Basin
图 5 戴家坪组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布直方图
Fig. 5. Detrital zircon U-Pb age distribution histogram of the Daijiaping Formation
图 6 晚白垩世株洲-江汉盆地古地理面貌和周边岩体年龄分布
Fig. 6. Paleogeographic map of the Late Cretaceous Zhuzhou- Jianghan Basin and the ages of magma from surrounding areas
图 7 碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布及不同源区数据的对比
图a为本次实验所得戴家坪组碎屑锆石相对概率图，图b、c、d、e的数据分别来自于陈迪等（2013）、孙占亮（2014）、郭爱民等（2017）和柏道远等（2015）
Fig. 7. Detrital zircon U-Pb age distribution and the comparison among different source areas
表 1 湖南株洲戴家坪组孢粉化石类型及其时代分布
Table 1. The palynomorphs and their age distribution of the Daijiaping Formation in Zhuzhou, Hunan
孢粉化石类型 分布时代 现生植物类型 繁瘤孢属
Multinodisporites泰州繁瘤孢
Multinodisporites taizhouensisi晚白垩世－古新世 凤尾蕨科 双孔孢属
Diporisporites普通双孔孢
Diporisporites cf. communis古近纪多见 ？ 蕨类植物
(Pteridophytes)凤尾蕨孢属
Pterisisporites窄环凤尾蕨孢
Pterisisporites stenozonatus白垩纪－古近纪 凤尾蕨科 具唇孢属
Toroisporis大型具唇孢
Toroisporis (T.) cf. major白垩纪－古近纪 海金沙科 裸子植物
(Gymnospermae)雪松粉属
Cedripites微囊型雪松粉Cedripites dacrydioides 中新生代 雪松属 银杏粉属
Ginkgoretectina薄银杏粉Ginkgoretectina vesca 中新生代 银杏科 瘤纹单沟粉属
Verrumonocolpites瘤纹单沟粉
Verrumonocolpites sp.晚白垩世 ？ 鹰粉属
Aquilapollenites加厚鹰粉Aquilapollenites coriaceus 晚白垩世－始新世 被子植被 鹰粉属
Aquilapollenites厚壁鹰粉Aquilapollenites crassus 晚白垩世－始新世 被子植被 被子植物
(Gymnosperms)鹰粉属
Aquilapollenites四叶鹰粉
Aquilapollenites quadrilobus晚白垩世－始新世 被子植被 鹰粉属
Aquilapollenites幼小鹰粉
Aquilapollenites juvenis晚白垩世－始新世 被子植物 五角粉属
Pentapollenites东台五角粉
Pentapollenites dongtaiensis晚白垩世晚期－古新世 ？ 刺参粉属
Morinoipollenites多突起刺参粉
Morinoipollenites polyprojectus晚白垩世 川续继科刺参属 塔里西粉属
Talisiipites亚三角塔里西粉
Talisiipites subtriangulus晚白垩世－古新世 无患子科 三沟粉属
Tricolpopollenites光滑三沟粉
Tricolpopollenites erugatus白垩纪－古近纪 ？ 别特帕克达拉粉属
Betpakdalina五眼别特帕克达拉粉Betpakdalina pentaoculoides 白垩纪 ？ 壳斗粉属Cupuliferoidaepollenites 小壳斗粉Cupuliferoidae- pollenites parvulus 白垩纪－古近纪 壳斗科 四沟粉属
Tetracolpites四沟粉属
Tetracolpites sp.古近纪 ？ 注：孢粉化石的分布时代据周山富和王连元（1983）、Srivastava（1994）、宋之琛等(1999, 2000)和Khan and Srivastava（2006）. 
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