Carbon Isotope Trend across the Base of Furongian Series of Cambrian, Northern Henan, North China
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摘要: 为了确定我国华北寒武系苗岭统鼓山阶和芙蓉统排碧阶的底界，对豫北沙滩剖面碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成演化趋势进行了研究.结果表明寒武系δ13C演化表现出3次正漂移和2次负漂移，正漂移分布于张夏组下部、中部和炒米店组上部，δ13C分别达到最大值2.0‰、1.0‰和3.0‰；负漂移分布于张夏组底部和中下部，δ13C分别降到最低值-3.4‰和-1.0‰.炒米店组上部的δ13C正漂移起始于三叶虫Chuangia带底部，相当于美国、澳大利亚、西伯利亚及我国华南地区的芙蓉统排碧阶的SPICE正漂移.张夏组底部的δ13C负漂移对应于三叶虫Bailiella-Lioparia带，相当于鼓山阶底部的DICE负漂移.这2次δ13C漂移事件不仅可作为区域地层对比的依据，还可作为我国华北寒武系苗岭统鼓山阶和芙蓉统排碧阶底界确定的标志.寒武纪δ13C漂移事件与海平面变化、古生态环境演化密切相关，因海侵作用导致的古生态环境扩大及海洋初始生产力的繁盛可能是海相碳酸盐岩δ13C正漂移演化的主要原因.Abstract: In order to define the base of the Drumian Stage and the base of the Paibian Stage of Cambrian in North China, carbon isotope trend is studied on the Shatan section, northern Henan. Data of carbon isotope suggest that three positive excursions and two negative excursions have been examined within the measured stratigraphical interval. Positive carbon isotope excursions occur separately in the lower part and the middle part of the Changhia Formation and in the upper part of the Chaumitien Formation, maximum δ13C values of these positive excursions reach to 2.0‰, 1.0‰ and 3.0‰ respectively. Negative δ13C excursions occur in the basal and the lower-middle part of the Changhia Formation with the minimum values of -3.4‰ and -1.0‰ respectively. Especially, the remarkable positive excursion examined in the upper part of the Chaumitien Formation commences on the base of the trilobite Chuangia zone, which corresponds to the base of the Paibian Stage in South China and is equivalent to the SPICE excursion detected in the Paibian Stage in USA, Australia, and Kazakhstan. The negative excursion examined in the basal part of the Changhia Formation is equivalent to the DICE excursion. Both the two carbon isotope excursions are not only used as tools for the regional stratigraphical classification and correlation, but also used as key indicators in defining the Drumian Stage and the Paibian Stage in North China. In addition, carbon isotope excursions are interpreted to be associated with global scale sea-level fluctuations, paleoecological environmental changes. Seawater transgression together with enlargement of paleoecological environment played an important role in positive carbon isotope excursions during the Late Miaolingian to the Early Furongian.
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Key words:
- carbon isotope /
- base of Furongian Series /
- Cambrian /
- northern Henan /
- North China Platform /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 华北地台寒武纪芙蓉世古地理概况
据冯增昭等（2002）修编.1.古陆；2.潮坪相；3.鲕粒滩；4.风暴砾屑灰岩；5.残余洋盆(造山带)；6.深水盆地相；7.浅水碳酸盐岩台地相；8.豫北卫辉沙滩剖面
Fig. 1. Paleogeographical map of North China Platform during the Furongian Epoch of Cambrian
图 2 采自豫北沙滩剖面寒武系地层中的三叶虫化石
a~c.Chuangia tolli Resser & Endo, 1937;产于寒武系炒米店组下部. d. Pagodia sp.; e. Stephanocare richthofeni Monke, 1903; f. Eosoptychoparia sp.; g. Pseudosolenopleura pustulosa Qian, 1994. h. Sunaspis laevis Lu, 1953;产于寒武系馒头组. i~l. Bailiella lantenoisi (Mansuy, 1916)，产于寒武系张夏组底部的页岩中
Fig. 2. Trilobite fossils collected from the Shatan section, northern Henan
图 3 豫北沙滩剖面寒武系碳氧同位素组成分布特征
Fig. 3. Relationship between δ13C and δ18O from the measured Cambrian Shatan section, northern Henan
图 4 豫北沙滩剖面寒武系排碧阶底界附近的碳、氧同位素组成演化曲线
1.白云岩；2.粗晶白云岩；3.白云质灰岩；4.生物潜穴灰岩；5.生物扰动灰岩；6.鲕粒灰岩；7.叠层石灰岩；8.条带状灰岩；9.豹皮状灰岩；10.生物碎屑灰岩；11.竹叶状灰岩；12.灰岩；13.页岩；14.“2”型层序界面；15.最大海泛面；16.高水位体系域；17.三级层序及编号；18.发生在鼓山阶底部的碳同位素组成的负漂移；19.发生在芙蓉统排碧阶的碳同位素组成的负漂移；20.碳、氧同位素样品取样位置
Fig. 4. Trends of carbon-oxygen isotopes around the base of the Paibian Stage in the Shatan section, northern Henan
图 5 豫北-山东寒武系芙蓉统排碧阶碳同位素组成演化趋势对比
a.河南卫辉沙滩剖面；b.山东莱坞黄羊山剖面，据Ng et al.（2014）修改.1.白云岩；2.白云质灰岩；3.生物潜穴灰岩；4.生物扰动灰岩；5.鲕粒灰岩；6.叠层石灰岩；7.条带状灰岩；8.砾屑灰岩；9.灰岩；10.页岩; 11.覆盖
Fig. 5. Correlation of carbon isotope trend of the Paibian Stage between northern Henan and western Shadong
图 6 世界各地寒武系芙蓉统排碧阶碳同位素组成演化趋势对比
哈萨克斯坦、澳大利亚和美国内华达据Saltzman et al.（2000）修改；中国浙西和中国湘西据Zuo et al.（2018）修改
Fig. 6. Correlation of carbon isotope trend of the Paibian Stage of Furongian Series worldwide
表 1 豫北沙滩剖面寒武系碳、氧同位素组分析结果(VPDB标准，‰）
Table 1. Data of δ13C (‰) and δ18O (‰) from the Cambrian Shatan section, northern Henan
样品位置(m) δ18O δ13C 岩性 436 -8.4 -1.6 白云岩 434 -8.9 -1.5 白云岩 432 -6.3 -0.4 白云岩 430 -7.2 0.0 白云岩 428 -8.0 -0.2 白云岩 426 -7.1 -0.4 白云岩 424 -7.8 -0.3 白云岩 422 -7.2 -0.4 白云岩 420 -7.7 -0.3 白云岩 418 -7.5 -0.2 白云岩 416 -7.6 -0.3 白云岩 414 -7.7 -0.4 白云岩 412 -9.2 -0.3 白云岩 410 -7.1 -0.2 白云岩 408 -6.9 -0.3 白云质灰岩 406 -8.0 -0.4 白云质灰岩 404 -7.9 -0.1 灰岩 402 -7.6 1.7 灰岩 400 -8.5 0.2 灰岩 398 -9.6 0.0 灰岩 396 -10.1 0.8 灰岩 394 -9.9 2.0 灰岩 392 -10.4 1.2 灰岩 390 -7.5 3.0 灰岩 388 -8.1 -0.1 灰岩 386 -9.6 0.0 灰岩 384 -10.2 -0.2 灰岩 382 -8.8 0.1 灰岩 380 -7.8 0.4 灰岩 378 -8.7 -0.2 灰岩 376 -7.2 0.6 灰岩 374 -7.9 0.1 灰岩 372 -8.8 -0.3 灰岩 370 -8.7 -0.4 灰岩 368 -8.6 -0.2 灰岩 366 -8.4 0.0 灰岩 364 -9.1 -0.3 灰岩 362 -8.5 0.4 灰岩 360 -8.7 0.1 灰岩 358 -9.3 0.4 灰岩 356 -8.8 0.1 灰岩 354 -9.5 0.3 灰岩 352 -9.9 0.2 灰岩 350 -8.2 0.4 灰岩 348 -7.2 0.3 灰岩 346 -7.1 0.1 灰岩 344 -7.3 0.1 灰岩 342 -7.2 0.1 灰岩 340 -7.4 0.2 灰岩 338 -7.8 0.3 灰岩 336 -7.9 0.5 灰岩 334 -8.2 0.6 灰岩 332 -8.2 0.6 灰岩 330 -9.1 0.1 灰岩 328 -9.9 0.7 灰岩 326 -9.0 0.6 灰岩 324 -9.9 -0.2 灰岩 322 -10.3 0.5 灰岩 320 -10.2 0.5 灰岩 318 -8.8 0.8 灰岩 316 -8.9 1.0 灰岩 314 -9.0 0.9 灰岩 312 -10.6 0.0 灰岩 310 -10.0 -0.8 灰岩 308 -9.2 -0.6 灰岩 306 -8.8 -0.6 灰岩 304 -8.9 -1.0 灰岩 302 -9.4 -0.5 灰岩 300 -9.7 -0.9 灰岩 298 -8.6 -0.2 灰岩 296 -8.9 -0.5 灰岩 294 -9.5 -0.5 灰岩 292 -9.7 -0.4 灰岩 290 -8.8 -0.4 灰岩 288 -10.1 -0.4 灰岩 286 -9.0 -0.2 灰岩 284 -8.6 -0.3 灰岩 282 -11.4 -0.4 灰岩 280 -10.0 -0.9 灰岩 278 -9.1 -0.5 灰岩 276 -9.4 -0.1 灰岩 274 -9.9 -0.4 灰岩 272 -9.3 0.4 灰岩 270 -10.1 -0.1 灰岩 268 -9.5 -0.3 灰岩 266 -11.3 -0.8 灰岩 264 -10.1 -0.2 灰岩 262 -9.8 -0.7 灰岩 260 -9.0 0.0 灰岩 258 -9.7 -0.1 灰岩 256 -9.3 -0.3 灰岩 254 -9.2 0.5 灰岩 252 -9.9 0.1 灰岩 250 -9.4 0.1 灰岩 248 -8.7 0.5 灰岩 246 -9.5 -0.1 灰岩 244 -9.1 -0.1 灰岩 242 -9.0 -0.3 灰岩 240 -10.9 0.6 灰岩 238 -9.0 1.8 灰岩 236 -9.7 2.0 灰岩 234 -8.7 1.1 灰岩 232 -9.1 0.7 灰岩 230 -8.8 1.1 灰岩 228 -8.4 1.3 灰岩 226 -8.7 1.4 灰岩 224 -9.2 1.0 灰岩 222 -9.5 1.3 灰岩 218 -11.6 0.8 灰岩 216 -11.8 -0.5 灰岩 214 -11.8 0.6 灰岩 211.4 -11.8 -0.1 灰岩 210 -11.5 -1.5 灰岩 208 -9.5 -3.4 灰岩 206 -10.2 -1.0 灰岩 204 -11.4 -1.2 灰岩 202 -10.3 -1.6 灰岩 200 -11.1 -1.6 灰岩 198 -9.4 -1.2 灰岩 196 -9.5 -0.8 灰岩 
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