Control Factors and Distribution of Chlorite-Cemented Facies in the Xujiahe Sandstone, Yuanba and Tongnanba Area
-
摘要: 川东北元坝-通南巴地区须家河组砂岩普遍超致密，仅绿泥石环边胶结物含量大于1.5%的砂岩（即绿泥石膜胶结相砂岩）物性较好.综合运用岩石学和测井地质学的方法，基于薄片、扫描电镜及粒度分析等资料分析绿泥石膜胶结相砂岩的岩石组构特征和形成控制因素，运用薄片鉴定、测录井等资料，明确绿泥石膜胶结相砂岩的测井响应特征并明确其发育分布规律.结果表明，绿泥石膜的发育具有较强的相控性和岩石组构的选择性，即发育于水下分流河道原始结构较好的砂岩.该类砂岩结构成熟度和成分成熟度较高，通常具有较低的杂基和塑性岩屑含量，且含有适量的火山岩岩屑（2%~6%）.较低的杂基和塑性岩屑含量为绿泥石沉淀提供所需的孔隙空间，火山岩岩屑为绿泥石膜沉淀提供物质来源.Abstract: The sandstones reservoirs of the Xujiahe Formation in the Yuanba and Tongnanba area, Sichuan Basin have poor qualities, and only those with chlorite rim, which has a content of more than 1.5% (i.e. chlorite-cemented facies) show a higher porosity. Based on lithology and well-logging geology, composition and control factors of formation of sandstones with chloritecemented facies are analysed with thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopic analysis and grain size analysis, well log responses and distribution of sandstones with chlorite-cemented facies are identified with thin section and well logging data. The formation of chlorite rim has strong environmental specificity and sandstone composition selectivity, that is, it develops in the sandstones with good original porosity in the subaqueous distributary channel. Sandstone with chlorite-cemented facies has higher texture maturity and composition maturity, with lower contents of matrix and plastic rock fragment, and it also has a certain amount of volcanic rock fragments (2%~6%). Lower contents of matrix and plastic rock fragment provided space for precipitation of chlorite, and volcanic rock fragments provided source of chlorite precipitation.
-
Key words:
- chlorite rim /
- diagenesis /
- tight-gas sandstone /
- Xujiahe Formation /
- northeastern Sichuan Basin
-
图 1 元坝-通南巴地区构造位置图
Fig. 1. Structural location map of the Yuanba and Tongnanba area in NE Sichuan Basin
图 2 元坝-通南巴地区须家河组不同类型砂岩孔渗交汇图
Fig. 2. Cross plot of porosity and permeability for samples of various sandstones, Yuanba and Tongnanba area
图 3 元坝-通南巴地区须家河组砂岩碎屑组分含量与岩屑类型三角图（分类方案据Folk，1974）
a.碎屑组分含量三角图；b.岩屑类型三角图；1.石英砂岩；2.长石石英砂岩；3.岩屑石英砂岩；4.长石砂岩；5.岩屑长石砂岩；6.长石岩屑砂岩；7.岩屑砂岩
Fig. 3. Ternary diagram illustrating the detrital composition and the rock fragments composition of the Xujiahe sandstones, Yuanba and Tongnanba area
图 4 元坝-通南巴地区须家河组绿泥石膜镜下特征照片
a.元陆6井，4 464.8 m，须二下亚段，中粒长石岩屑砂岩，单偏光，×100，颗粒接触部位不发育或发育极少量绿泥石膜（白色箭头），绿泥石膜呈叶片状围绕颗粒边缘生长，可见残余原生粒间孔；b.元陆175井，4 602.3 m，须四上亚段，中粒长石岩屑砂岩，单偏光，×100，可见火山岩岩屑；c.元陆175井，4 602.6 m，须四上亚段，中粒长石岩屑砂岩，扫描电镜，×2 400，绿泥石膜围绕石英颗粒生长；d.元陆6井，4 464.8 m，须二下亚段，中粒长石岩屑砂岩，单偏光，×100，绿泥石膜呈叶片状围绕颗粒边缘生长，可见两期绿泥石膜；e.元陆6井，4 464.8 m，须二下亚段，中粒长石岩屑砂岩，×6 000，两期绿泥石膜；f.马201井，3 374.92 m，须二上亚段，中粒长石岩屑砂岩，×6 000，两期绿泥石膜
Fig. 4. Thin section and SEM images showing the characteristics of chlorite rim in the Xujiahe sandstones, Yuanba and Tongnanba area
图 5 石英加大边中包裹体均一温度分布图
Fig. 5. Homogenization temperature of the fluid inclusion in quartz overgrowth cements
图 6 元坝-通南巴地区须家河组典型井（a）绿泥石膜含量与（b）火山岩岩屑含量直方图
Fig. 6. Histogram of (a) average content of chlorite cements and (b) average content of volcanic rock fragments in the Xujiahe sandstones, Yuanba and Tongnanba area
图 7 元坝-通南巴地区须家河组砂岩绿泥石膜与平均粒径和颗粒分选交汇图
a.绿泥石膜含量与平均粒径交汇图; b.绿泥石膜含量与颗粒分选交汇图
Fig. 7. Cross plots of grain size and grain sorting versus content of chlorite cements of the Xujiahe sandstones in typical wells, Yuanba and Tongnanba area
图 8 元坝-通南巴地区须家河组砂岩典型井组分纵向分布特征
a. L6井；b. M201井；c. L173井
Fig. 8. The vertical distribution of rock constituents of the Xujiahe sandstones in typical wells, Yuanba and Tongnanba area
图 9 元坝-通南巴地区须家河组绿泥石膜胶结相砂岩测井解释模板
Fig. 9. Well log interpretation template of chlorite-cemented facies in the Xujiahe sandstones, Yuanba and Tongnanba area
-
[1] Anjos, S.M.C., De Ros, L.F., Silva, C.M.A., et al., 2003. Chlorite Authigenesis and Porosity Preservation in the Upper Cretaceous Marine Sandstones of the Santos Basin, Offshore Eastern Brazil. Clay Mineral Cements in Sandstones, 34:289-316. doi: 10.1002/9781444304336.ch13/summary [2] Baker, J.C., Havord, P.J., Martin, K.R., et al., 2000. Diagenesis and Petrophysics of the Early Permian Moogooloo Sandstone, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 84:250-265. https://doi.org/10.1306/c9ebcdbf-1735-11d7-8645000102c1865d [3] Berger, A., Gier, S., Krois, P., 2009. Porosity-Preserving Chlorite Cements in Shallow-Marine Volcaniclastic Sandstones: Evidence from Cretaceous Sandstones of the Sawan Gas Field, Pakistan. AAPG Bulletin, 93(5): 595-615. https://doi.org/10.1306/01300908096 [4] Billault, V., Beaufort, D., Baronnet, A., et al., 2003. A Nanopetrographic and Textural Study of Grain-Coating Chlorites in Sandstone Reservoirs. Clay Minerals, 38(3): 315-328. https://doi.org/10.1180/0009855033830098 [5] Bloch, S., Lander, R.H., Bonnel, L., 2002. Anomalously High Porosity and Permeability in Deeply-Buried Sandstone Reservoirs: Origin and Predictability. AAPG Bulletin, 85: 301-328. https://doi.org/10.1306/61eed634-173e-11d7-8645000102c1865d [6] Dowey, P. J., Hodgson, D. M., Worden, R. H., 2012. Pre-Requisites, Processes, and Prediction of Chlorite Grain Coatings in Petroleum Reservoirs: A Review of Subsurface Examples. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 32(1): 63-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.11.007 [7] Ehrenberg, S. N., 1993. Preservation of Anomalously High Porosity in Deeply Buried Sandstones by Grain-Coating Chlorite: Examples from the Norwegian Continental Shelf. AAPG Bulletin, 76: 1260-1286. https://doi.org/10.1306/f4c8e062-1712-11d7-8645000102c1865d [8] Folk, R.L., 1974. Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Hemphill Publishing Company, Texas, 64-95. [9] Gould, K., Pe-Piper, G., Piper, D. J. W., 2010. Relationship of Diagenetic Chlorite Rims to Depositional Facies in Lower Cretaceous Reservoir Sandstones of the Scotian Basin. Sedimentology, 57(2): 587-610. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01106.x [10] Grigsby, J.D., Langford, R.P., 1996. Effects of Diagenesis on Enhanced-Resolution Bulk Density Logs in Tertiary Gulf Coast Sandstones: An Example from the Lower Vicksburg Formation, McAllen Ranch Field, South Texas. AAPG Bulletin, 80: 1801-1819. https://doi.org/10.1306/64eda172-1724-11d7-8645000102c1865d [11] Grigsby, J. D., 2001. Origin and Growth Mechanism of Authigenic Chlorite in Sandstones of the Lower Vicksburg Formation, South Texas. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 71(1): 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1306/060100710027 [12] Guo, T.L., 2013. Key Controls on Accumulation and High Production of Large Non-Marine Gas Fields in Northern Sichuan Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 40(2):139-149 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1016/S1876-3804(13)60017-8 [13] Guo, Z.W., Deng, K.L., Han, Y.H., et al., 1996. Sichuan Basin Formation and Development. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 105-120(in Chinese). [14] Hillier, S., Fallick, A. E., Matter, A., 1996. Origin of Pore-Lining Chlorite in the Aeolian Rotliegend of Northern Germany. Clay Minerals, 31(2): 153-171. https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1996.031.2.02 [15] Huang, S.J., Xie, L.W., Zhang, M., et al., 2004. Formation Mechanism of Authigenic Chlorite and Relation to Preservation of Porosity in Nonmarine Triassic Reservoir Sandstones, Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin, China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 31(3):273-281 (in Chinese with English abstract) http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=cdlgxyxb200403009 [16] Liu, H.P., Luo, Y., Zhao, Y.C., et al., 2008. Effects of Diagenetic Facies on Rock Electrical Properties in Tight Gas Sandstones. Earth Science, 42(4):652-66 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dqkx201704015 [17] Li, J., Guo, T.L., Zou, H.Y., et al., 2012. Hydrocarbon Generation History of Coal-Measure Source Rocks in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of the Nortern Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 32(3):25-28 (in Chinese with English abstract). [18] Liu, L.Y., Qu, Z.H., Sun, W., et al., 1998. Properties of Clay Mineral of Clastic Rock in Shanshan Oil Field, Xinjiang. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 28(5):77-80 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK199800611499 [19] Liu, J.K., Peng, J., Liu, J.J., et al., 2009. Pore-Preserving Mechanism of Chlorite Rims in Tight Sandstone: an Example from the T3x Formation of Baojie Area in the Transitional Zone from the Central to Southern Sichuan Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 30(1):53-58 (in Chinese with English abstract). [20] Liu, X., Ding, X., Yang, J.J., et al., 2013. Quantitative Analysis of Diagenesis and Porosity Evolution of Reservoirs in the 2nd Member of Xujiahe Formation of Hechuan Gas Field. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 35(3):20-25 (in Chinese with English abstract). [21] Pan, C.L., 2011. Reservoir Forming Condition of the Xujiahe Formation of the Upper Triassic in Yuanba area Sichuan Basin(Dissertation). Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu(in Chinese with English abstract). [22] Shanley, K. W., Cluff, R. M., Robinson, J. W., 2004. Factors Controlling Prolific Gas Production from Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs: Implications for Resource Assessment, Prospect Development, and Risk Analysis. AAPG Bulletin, 88(8): 1083-1121. https://doi.org/10.1306/03250403051 [23] Sneider, R. M., King, H. R., Hawkes, H. E., et al., 1983. Methods for Detection and Characterization of Reservoir Rock, Deep Basin Gas Area, Western Canada. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 35(9): 1725-1734. https://doi.org/10.2118/10072-pa [24] Sun, X.L., Lin, C.Y., Dong, C.M., et al., 2017. Influence of Chlorite on Siliceous Cement under Control of Reservoir Lithology. Earth Science, 42(9): 1599-1607 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dqkx201709013 [25] Sun, Z.L., Huang, S.J., Zhang, Y.X., et al., 2008. Origin and Diagenesis of Authigenic Chlorite within the Sandstone Reservoirs of Xujiahe Formation, Sichuan Basin, China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 26(3): 459-468 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=cjxb200803013 [26] Tian, J.F., Chen, Z.L., Yang, Y.Y., 2008. Protection Mechanism of Authigenic Chlorite on Sandstone Reservoir Pores. Geological Science and Technology Information, 27(4):49-54 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dzkjqb200804008 [27] Wang, W., Yue, Q.L., 2012. Genetic Mechanisms for Tight Sandstone Reservoir of Xujiahe Formation, Northern Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Exploration & Development, 35(1):13-17, 31 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/article_en/cjfdtotal-trkt201201004.htm [28] Wei, G.Q., Liu, D.L., Zhang, L., et al., 2005. The Exploration Region and Natural Gas Accumulation in Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 16(4):437-442 (in Chinese with English abstract). [29] Wu, S.X., Tang, L.J., Wei, G.Q., et al., 2006. Promising Natural Gas Exploration Belts in Clastic Rock Formations, Sichuan Basin. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 21(1):20-24 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=xasyxyxb200601005 [30] Yang, W., Chen, G.L., Zhang, M.J., et al., 2012. Influence of Authigenic Chlorite on Reservoir Properties of Chang 8 Oil Reservoir Set in Zhenbei Area, Ordos Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs, 24(3):27-32 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=yxyqc201203006 [31] Yao, J.L., Wang, Q., Zhang, R., et al., 2011. Forming Mechanism and Their Environmental Implications of Chlorite-Coatings in Chang 6 Sandstone (Upper Triassic) of Hua-Qing Area, Ordos Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 29(1):72-79 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=cjxb201101008 [32] Zeng, W., 1996. Diagenesis and Reservoir Distribution of Upper Jurassic Series in Zhangqiang Hollow. Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute, 18(4):11-16 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-XNSY604.001.htm [33] Zhang, L., Guo, X. S., Hao, F., et al., 2016. Lithologic Characteristics and Diagenesis of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Yuanba Area, Northeastern Sichuan Basin. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 35: 1320-1335. doi: 10.1016/j.jngse.2016.09.067 [34] Zhang, J., Li, G.H., Xie, J.R., et al., 2006. Stratigraphic Division and Correlation of Upper Triassic in Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 26(1):12-15 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-TRQG200601004.htm [35] Zhang, J.W., Zou, H.Y., Li, P.P., 2015. A New PVT Simulation Method for Hydrocarbon-Containing Inclusions and Its Application to Reconstructing Paleo-Pressure of Gas Reservoirs. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 37(1):102-108 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=sysydz201501018 [36] Zhang, X.X., Zou, C.N., Zhu, R.K., et al., 2011. Reservoir Diagenetic Facies of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Central Sichuan Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 32(2):257-264 (in Chinese with English abstract). [37] Zhong, G.F., Lin, S.Q., Hou, F.H., 1996. Diagenesis and its Reservoir Quality for Sandstones of Lower He-3 Member (Paleogene) East Beyang Depression, Henan, China. Mineral Petrol., 16(2):40-46 (in Chinese with English abstract). [38] Zhu, R. K., Zhao, X., Liu, L. H., et al., 2009. Depositional System and Favorable Reservoir Distribution of Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 36(1):46-55 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1016/S1876-3804(09)60110-5 [39] Zou, C. N., Tao, S. Z., Zhou, H., et al., 2008. Genesis, Classification and Evaluation Method of Diagenetic Facies. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 26(3): 459-468 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=syktykf200805002 [40] 曾伟, 1996.张强凹陷上侏罗统成岩作用及储层分布.西南石油学院学报, 18(4):11-16. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-XNSY604.001.htm [41] 郭彤楼, 2013.四川盆地北部陆相大气田形成与高产主控因素.石油勘探与开发, 40(2):139-149. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syktykf201302004 [42] 黄思静, 谢连文, 张萌, 等, 2004.中国三叠系陆相砂岩中自生绿泥石的形成机制及其与储层孔隙保存的关系.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 31(3):273-281. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2004.03.009 [43] 李军, 郭彤楼, 邹华耀, 等, 2012.四川盆地北部上三叠统须家河组煤系烃源岩生烃史.天然气工业, 32(3):25-28. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2012.03.005 [44] 刘德良, 宋岩, 薛爱民, 2000.四川盆地构造与天然气聚集区带综合研究.北京:石油工业出版社. [45] 刘洪平, 骆杨, 赵彦超, 等, 2008.致密砂岩气层中成岩相对岩电特征的影响.地球科学, 42(4):652-660. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.053 [46] 刘金库, 彭军, 刘建军, 等, 2009.绿泥石环边胶结物对致密砂岩孔隙的保存机制——以川中-川南过渡带包界地区须家河组储层为例.石油与天然气地质, 30(1):53-58. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-9985.2009.01.008 [47] 刘林玉, 曲志浩, 孙卫, 等, 1998.新疆鄯善油田碎屑岩中的粘土矿物特征.西北大学学报(自然科学版), 28(5):77-80. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK199800611499 [48] 刘翔, 丁熊, 杨家静, 等, 2013.合川气田须二段储层成岩与孔隙演化定量分析.石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报), 35(3):20-25. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jhsyxyxb201303005 [49] 盘昌林, 2011.四川盆地元坝地区上三叠统须家河组天然气成藏条件研究(硕士学位论文).成都: 成都理工大学. [50] 孙小龙, 林承焰, 董春梅, 等, 2017.储层岩性控制下的绿泥石对硅质胶结的影响.地球科学, 42(9):1599-1607. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.528 [51] 孙治雷, 黄思静, 张玉修, 等, 2008.四川盆地须家河组砂岩储层中自生绿泥石的来源与成岩演化.沉积学报, 26(3):459-468. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cjxb200803013 [52] 田建锋, 陈振林, 杨友运, 2008.自生绿泥石对砂岩储层孔隙的保护机理.地质科技情报, 27(4):49-54. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7849.2008.04.008 [53] 王威, 岳全玲, 2012.四川盆地北部须家河组致密砂岩储层成因机制.天然气勘探与开发, 35(1):13-17, 31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-3177.2012.01.003 [54] 魏国齐, 刘德来, 张林, 等, 2005.四川盆地天然气分布规律与有利勘探领域.天然气地球科学, 16(4):437-442. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-1926.2005.04.008 [55] 吴世祥, 汤良杰, 魏国齐, 等, 2006.四川盆地碎屑岩领域有利天然气勘探方向浅析.西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 21(1):20-24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2006.01.005 [56] 杨巍, 陈国俊, 张铭杰, 等, 2012.鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区长8油层组自生绿泥石对储层物性的影响.岩性油气藏, 24(3):27-32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8926.2012.03.006 [57] 姚泾利, 王琪, 张瑞, 等, 2011.鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区延长组长6砂岩绿泥石膜的形成机理及其环境指示意义.沉积学报, 29(1):72-79. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=cjxb201101008 [58] 张健, 李国辉, 谢继荣, 等, 2006.四川盆地上三叠统划分对比研究.天然气工业, 26(1):12-15. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0976.2006.01.004 [59] 张俊武, 邹华耀, 李平平, 2015.含烃盐水包裹体PVT模拟新方法及其在气藏古压力恢复中的应用.石油实验地质, 37(1):102-108. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SYSD201501018.htm [60] 张响响, 邹才能, 朱如凯, 等, 2011.川中地区上三叠统须家河组储层成岩相.石油学报, 32(2):257-264. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syxb201102010 [61] 钟广法, 林社卿, 侯方浩, 1996.泌阳凹陷核三下亚段砂岩成岩作用及储集性.矿物岩石, 16(2):40-46. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK199600751149 [62] 朱如凯, 赵霞, 刘柳红, 等, 2009.四川盆地须家河组沉积体系与有利储集层分布.石油勘探与开发, 36(1):46-55. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2009.01.005 [63] 邹才能, 陶士振, 周慧, 等, 2008.成岩相的形成、分类与定量评价方法.石油勘探与开发, 35(5):526-540. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2008.05.002 -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(10)
计量
- 文章访问数: 3249
- HTML全文浏览量: 1054
- PDF下载量: 36
- 被引次数: 0
