Compositional Variations of Rinkite in the Saima Alkaline Complex, Liaoning Province, and Its Implications for Alkaline Magma Evolution
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摘要: 辽宁赛马岩体是我国典型的产铀碱性杂岩体，但其稀土矿化机制尚不明确.通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针分析，得知该岩体从霞石正长岩经霓霞正长伟晶岩至晚期异霞正长岩，代表性稀土矿物层硅铈钛矿[Na2Ca4REETi（Si2O7）2OF3]不断富集，Nb、Zr和REE（特别是HREE）等高场强元素含量不断升高，部分颗粒具Zr、REE等元素成分环带，以上成分变化与稀土等不相容元素性质、碱性岩浆成分和岩浆结晶分异过程密切相关.此外，层硅铈钛矿经历了一系列的热液蚀变，蚀变部分Ti、Ca、Sr、Na含量增加而Zr、REE含量降低，最终形成由残余层硅铈钛矿+方解石+萤石+铈硅磷灰石组成的假晶，可能与富碱质、F和CO2的自交代流体作用有关.该研究揭示了碱性岩浆演化过程中，层硅铈钛矿成分变化及热液蚀变组合对指示岩浆结晶分异程度、探究稀土元素分馏及其热液活动性的具有重要意义.Abstract: The Saima complex is a typical alkaline complex with uranium mineralization in Liaoning Province, China. In order to explore its REE mineralization mechanism, the optical microscope, SEM and EPMA were used to study the rare earth minerals in the Saima complex. From nepheline syenite through aegirine-bearing nepheline syenite pegmatite to late lujavrite, the REE mineralization is characterized by the enrichment of the representative rare earth mineral, rinkite (Na2Ca4REETi(Si2O7)2OF3), the increases in Nb, Zr, REE (especially for HREE) and other high field strength elements of it, and the compositional zonation caused by compositional variations of Zr, REE and other elements in some rinkite grains. The above proportional and compositional variations of rinkite are closely related to the behavior of incompatible elements, the nature and fractional crystallization process of alkaline magma. In addition, the later series of hydrothermal alteration in the rinkite is represented by the initial enrichment in Ti, Ca, Sr, and Na but depletion in Zr and REE contents in altered parts of crystal, and ultimate pseudomorph after rinkite, which is comprised of residual rinkite+calcite+fluorite+britholite-(Ce). It is likely that an alkali, F and CO2-rich hydrothermal fluid is involved in the rinkite alteration. Our study suggests that rinkite is an ideal mineral in the aspects of deciphering the fractional crystallization of alkaline magma, fractionation behavior and hydrothermal mobilization of rare earth elements by its compositional variations and secondary alteration mineral assemblage.
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Key words:
- the Saima alkaline complex /
- REE mineralization /
- rinkite /
- magmatic-hydrothermal evolution /
- mineralogy
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图 1 辽宁赛马碱性岩体地质简图（据陈肇博等，1996修改）
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the Saima alkaline complex in the Liaoning Province, China
图 2 赛马霞石正长岩、霓霞正长伟晶岩手标本及层硅铈钛矿镜下照片
a.赛马碱性岩体霓霞正长伟晶岩脉穿插主体霞石正长岩；b.霞石正长岩与霓霞正长伟晶岩手标本照片；c.霞石正长岩中零星分布的粒状层硅铈钛矿；d.异霞正长岩中与霓石、钠锆石共生的纤维状层硅铈钛矿集合体；e.霓霞正长伟晶岩中与方解石、霓石共生的粒状层硅铈钛矿集合体; Aeg.霓石; Bt.黑云母; Cal.方解石; Ctp.钠锆石; Kfs.钾长石; Ne.霞石; Rkt.层硅铈钛矿
Fig. 2. Hand specimen photographs of the Saima nepheline syenite and aegirine-bearing nepheline syenite pegmatite
图 3 赛马碱性岩体层硅铈钛矿背散射电子像照片
a~b，c~f，g~h分别对应霞石正长岩、霓霞正长伟晶岩和异霞正长岩中层硅铈钛矿；a.霞石正长岩中零星分布的层硅铈钛矿，边部被铈硅磷灰石交代；b.层硅铈钛矿进一步蚀变成残余层硅铈钛矿+次生钠沸石+铈硅磷灰石+榍石的蚀变组合；c.霓霞正长伟晶岩中层硅铈钛矿大量分布于方解石中，少量分布于钾长石中；d.层硅铈钛矿的成分环带；e.层硅铈钛矿核部发生热液蚀变，具微小孔洞特征，裂隙被铈硅磷灰石填充；f.由残余层硅铈钛矿+方解石+萤石+铈硅磷灰石组成的假晶；g.异霞正长岩中与霓石、钠锆石共生的纤维状层硅铈钛矿集合体；h.部分层硅铈钛矿局部被层铈硅磷灰石交代；Aeg.霓石；Brt.铈硅磷灰石；Cal.方解石；Ctp.钠锆石；Fl.萤石；Kfs.钾长石；Ne.霞石；Ntr.钠沸石；Rkt.层硅铈钛矿；Ttn.榍石
Fig. 3. Backscattered electron images of rinkite in different rocks of the Saima alkaline complex
图 4 赛马碱性岩体层硅铈钛矿化学成分变化图
a. Na-Ca-REE(+Y)（单位原子数百分比）；b. LREE-MREE-HREE(+Y)（单位原子数百分比）三端元投图；c.霓霞正长伟晶岩中层硅铈钛矿内部、外部环带及蚀变区域Ti、Zr、REE、Ca、Sr和Na化学成分变化（纵坐标单位原子数取自然对数）；俄罗斯Khiniby和印度Sushina Hill碱性岩中层硅铈钛矿成分作为对比(Chakrabarty et al., 2013; Konopleva et al., 2015)
Fig. 4. Compositional variations of rinkite grians in the Saima alkaline complex
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