北喜马拉雅E-W向伸展变形时限:来自藏南错那洞穹隆Ar-Ar年代学证据

付建刚; 李光明; 王根厚; 张林奎; 梁维; 张志; 董随亮; 黄勇

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.530

北喜马拉雅E-W向伸展变形时限:来自藏南错那洞穹隆Ar-Ar年代学证据

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.530

付建刚^1,2,,
李光明^1, ,,
王根厚²,
张林奎¹,
梁维¹,
张志¹,
董随亮¹,
黄勇¹

1.
中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心, 四川成都 610081
2.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2016YFC060308

国家自然科学基金项目 41602214

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160015

详细信息

作者简介:
付建刚(1987-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事构造地质与成矿理论研究.

通讯作者:
李光明

中图分类号: P597
计量
- 文章访问数: 5405
- HTML全文浏览量: 1442
- PDF下载量: 38
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-02-28
- 刊出日期: 2018-08-15

Timing of E-W Extension Deformation in North Himalaya: Evidences from Ar-Ar Age in the Cuonadong Dome, South Tibet

1.
Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China
2.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 特提斯喜马拉雅带以广泛发育近E-W向和近S-N向断裂以及北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹隆带为典型特征.藏南错那洞穹隆位于特提斯喜马拉带的东部，是近两年新发现并厘定的穹隆构造.该穹隆从外向内主要由3部分组成：上部单元（盖层）、中部单元（滑脱系）和下部单元（核部），其中滑脱系主要由一套强烈变形的片岩、伟晶岩、花岗岩、大理岩和矽卡岩组成，片岩包括含石榴石云母片岩、含石榴石十字石云母片岩、含蓝晶石石榴石十字石片岩、含矽线石蓝晶石石榴石片岩和云母石英片岩.野外构造变形特征表明滑脱系为一条强烈变形的韧性剪切带，发育大量的鞘褶皱、"Z"形揉褶皱和眼球状构造、石榴石的旋转碎斑、S-C组构和压力影构造.错那洞穹隆记录了4期构造变形：第1期由北向南的逆冲挤压构造、第2期由南向北的韧性伸展构造、第3期近E-W向的韧性伸展构造变形和第4期成穹后的脆性垮塌构造.通过对滑脱系中含石榴石云母片岩的白云母进行Ar-Ar同位素测年，获得坪年龄为14.0±0.2 Ma，等时线年龄为13.7±0.5 Ma，二者基本一致，同时微观构造特征显示石英呈亚颗粒旋转重结晶（SGR），其韧性变形的温度为450~550℃，该变形温度高于白云母的封闭温度.因此，白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄（14.0±0.2 Ma）代表错那洞穹隆近E-W向伸展变形的时间，也即近S-N向桑日-错那裂谷的活动时间.结合构造变形和年代学特征，认为错那洞穹隆是STDS向北伸展拆离的主导机制叠加后期近E-W向韧性伸展活动的结果.
- Ar-Ar定年 /
- 伸展变形 /
- 错那洞穹隆 /
- 北喜马拉雅 /
- 地球化学 /
- 地质年代学
Abstract: The Tethys Himalaya is characterized by the S-N trending and E-W trending structures, and the North Himalaya gneiss domes (NHGD).The Cuonadong dome, located at the eastern part of the North Himalaya, is a recently newly identified dome.The Cuonadong dome is divided into three units from outer to inner:the upper unit (the cover rocks), middle unit (the detachment layer) and lower unit (the core).The middle unit mainly consists of a series of strong deformation schist, pegmatite, granite, marble, and skarn.The main schist types include garnet mica schist, garnet staurolite schist, kyanite garnet staurolite schist, sillimanite kyanite garnet schist, and mica quartz schist.This unit is characterized by a ductile shear zone including the sheath fold, augen structure, rotating porphyroclast, S-C structure, and pressure shadow structure.The Cuonadong dome preserves evidences for four major deformational events:N-S thrust (D₁), early approximately S-N extensional deformation (D₂), approximately E-W extensional deformation (D₃), and collapse structural deformation (D₄).Ar-Ar dating of muscovite from the mylonitic schist in the Cuonadong dome yielded Ar-Ar plateau age of 14.0±0.2 Ma and inverse isochron age of 13.7±0.5 Ma, meanwhile the presence of subgrain rotation recrystallization (SGR) in quartz shows that the schist was deformed under high deformation temperature (450~550℃), which is clearly higher than the closure temperature of muscovite.Therefore, we suggest that the Ar-Ar plateau age of 14.0±0.2 Ma represents the age of the E-W extensional deformation in the Cuonadong dome, also the age of the S-N trending Sangri-Cuona rift.Combined with the structural deformation and thermochronology, we suggest that the formation of the Cuonadong dome resulted from both the earlier S-N and later E-W extensional deformations, especially the S-N extensional deformation, i.e.the STDS.
- Ar-Ar age /
- extension deformation /
- Cuonadong dome /
- North Himalaya /
- geochemistry /
- geochronology

HTML全文

图 1 北喜马拉雅构造格架及其矿产分布

图a为喜马拉雅造山带中南部局域构造简图及北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹隆带(NHGD)分布，据Lee et al.(2004)修改；GHS.高喜马拉雅，LHS.低喜马拉雅，MBT.主边界逆冲断裂，MCT.主中央逆冲断裂，STDS.藏南拆离系，GKT.吉隆-康马逆冲断裂.图b为北喜马拉雅东段构造格架及其矿产分布，据Sun et al.(2016)修改

Fig. 1. Tectonic framework and deposits in North Himalaya

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 藏南错那洞穹隆地质简图

Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of the Cuonadong dome, South Tibet

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 错那洞穹隆岩石－构造单元示意剖面(a)和野外岩性特征(b~g)

a.错那洞穹隆岩石－构造单元示意剖面图及变质矿物分带，据Fu et al.(2018)修改；b.上部单元中含红柱石粉砂质板岩；c.上部单元中含堇青石粉砂质板岩；d.石榴石十字石云母片岩；e.石榴石十字石云母片岩，十字石颗粒明显变大；f.含十字石石榴石云母片岩，可见石榴石的旋转斑晶和顺片岩面理侵入并变形的花岗岩；g.蓝晶石石榴石云母片岩.Bt.黑云母；Grt.石榴石；St.十字石；Sil.矽线石；Ky.蓝晶石

Fig. 3. Schematic section (a) and field lithologic characteristics (b-g) of the rock-tectonic unit through the Cuonadong dome

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 错那洞穹隆不同单元的构造变形特征示意图

Fig. 4. Schematic map of the structural deformation at different units in the Cuonadong dome

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 错那洞穹隆野外构造变形特征

a.错那洞穹隆北部上部单元粉砂质板岩在挤压作用下呈M或W型褶皱，代表了早期由北向南逆冲构造；b.错那洞穹隆北部上部单元石英脉呈石香肠状产出，指示向北伸展剪切；c.错那洞穹隆东部中部单元中鞘褶皱的野外特征，照片面为YZ面，拉伸线理产状为350∠18°，代表第2期由南向北韧性剪切特征；d.错那洞穹隆北部中部单元的鞘褶皱，强变形的花岗岩呈一系列透镜体产出，其表面可见明显的拉伸线理，线理产状为348∠20°，代表第2期由南向北韧性剪切特征；e.错那洞穹隆东部中部单元含石榴石云母片岩中石榴石的旋转斑晶，指示右行，代表了第3期近E-W向韧性变形特征；f.错那洞穹隆北部中部单元变形的伟晶岩，指示右行，代表了第3期近E-W向韧性变形特征

Fig. 5. Field structural deformation characteristics at different units in the Cuonadong dome

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 错那洞穹隆滑脱系中含石榴石云母片岩的微观特征

a.白云母和黑云母在强烈变形作用下重结晶并定向排列，形成新生面理；b.石榴石旋转斑晶，S-C组构，云母鱼和云母的重结晶作用，均指示右旋特征；c.石英呈亚颗粒旋转重结晶(SGR)；d.石英呈亚颗粒旋转重结晶和部分棋盘状波状消光，表明其变形温度高于630 ℃.Mus.白云母；Qtz.石英；Bt.黑云母；Fsp.长石；Grt.石榴石；Tl.电气石

Fig. 6. Microstructure features of garnet mica schist at the middle unit in the Cuonadong dome

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 错那洞穹隆含石榴石云母片岩的白云母Ar-Ar坪年龄(a)和反等时线图(b)

Fig. 7. Age spectrum (a) and isochron plot (b) of muscovite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar from sample CND01-3 in the Cuonadong dome

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 错那洞穹隆含石榴石云母片岩样品CND01-3中白云母Ar-Ar测年结果

Table 1. Muscovite Ar-Ar dating results of sample CND01-3 in the Cuonadong dome

序号	T(℃)	(⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar)_m	⁽³⁶Ar/³⁹Ar)_m	(³⁸Ar/³⁹Ar)_m	⁴⁰Ar(%)	F	³⁹Ar(10¹⁴)	³⁹Ar(Cum.；%)	t(Ma)	±1σ(Ma)
1	650	164.130 9	0.526 1	0.148 0	5.28	8.662 1	0.04	0.07	51	18
2	720	42.658 8	0.139 8	0.031 2	3.12	1.331 3	0.34	0.72	7.9	1.3
3	740	21.811 0	0.066 0	0.000 6	10.52	2.294 6	0.30	1.30	13.5	1.1
4	770	10.842 7	0.034 2	0.007 7	6.83	0.740 1	0.39	2.04	4.4	1.3
5	800	10.056 0	0.034 0	0.019 1	0.02	0.001 6	0.38	2.77	9.7	1.4
6	830	9.857 0	0.025 0	0.018 2	25.04	2.468 6	1.52	5.70	14.56	0.42
7	850	5.556 2	0.010 4	0.014 5	44.86	2.492 4	2.71	10.91	14.70	0.23
8	870	5.150 7	0.009 0	0.014 2	48.38	2.492 1	2.44	15.61	14.70	0.25
9	890	4.339 5	0.006 2	0.013 4	57.95	2.514 7	4.91	25.04	14.83	0.19
10	910	3.119 7	0.002 5	0.013 2	76.53	2.387 6	8.50	41.39	14.09	0.15
11	1 000	2.963 3	0.002 1	0.013 0	78.68	2.331 5	11.08	62.69	13.76	0.14
12	1 070	3.604 2	0.004 6	0.013 6	62.02	2.235 5	6.95	76.05	13.19	0.14
13	1 160	9.216 5	0.025 8	0.016 9	17.34	1.598 2	7.72	90.90	9.44	0.13
14	1 300	11.142 2	0.033 5	0.018 0	11.05	1.231 2	4.73	100.00	7.28	0.13
注：下标m代表样品中测定的同位素比值；(³⁷Ar_o/³⁹Ar)_m= 0.000 0；W=17.88 mg；J=0.003 283；F=⁴⁰Ar^*/³⁹Ar.

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(52)

[1]	Aoya, M., Wallis, S.R., Terada, K., et al., 2005.North-South Extension in the Tibetan Crust Triggered by Granite Emplacement.Geology, 33(11):853.https://doi.org/10.1130/g21806.1 doi: 10.1130/G21806.1
[2]	Blisniuk, P.M., Hacker, B.R., Glodny, J., et al., 2001.NormalFaulting in Central Tibet since at least 13.5 Myr Ago.Nature, 412(6847):628-632. https://doi.org/10.1038/35088045
[3]	Burg, J.P., Chen, G.M., 1984.Tectonics and Structural Zonation of Southern Tibet, China.Nature, 311(5983):219-223. https://doi.org/10.1038/311219a0
[4]	Copley, A., Avouac, J.P., Wernicke, B.P., 2011.Evidence for Mechanical Coupling and Strong Indian Lower Crust beneath Southern Tibet.Nature, 472(7341):79-81. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09926
[5]	Ding, L., Yue, Y.H., Cai, F.L., et al., 2006.⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar Geochronology, Geochemical and Sr-Nd-O Isotopic Characteristics of the High-Mg Ultrapotassic Rocks in Lhasa Block of Tibet:Implications in the Onset Time and Depth of NS-Striking Rift System.Acta Geologica Sinica, 80(9):1252-1261 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/279620542_40Ar39Ar_geochronology_geochemical_and_Sr-Nd-O_isotopic_characteristics_of_the_high-Mg_ultrapotassic_rocks_in_Lhasa_Block_of_Tibet_Implications_in_the_onset_time_and_depth_of_NS-striking_rift_system
[6]	Fu, J.G., Li, G.M., Wang, G.H., et al., 2017.First Field Identification of the Cuonadong Dome in Southern Tibet:Implications for EW Extension of the North Himalayan Gneiss Dome.International Journal of Earth Sciences, 106(5):1581-1596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-016-1368-2
[7]	Fu, J.G., Li, G.M., Wang, G.H., et al., 2018.Synchronous Granite Intrusion and E-W Extension in the Cuonadong Dome, Southern Tibet, China:Evidence from Field Observations and Thermochronologic Results.International Journal of Earth Sciences, 274(1-2):1-19.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-018-1585-y doi: 10.1007/s00531-018-1585-y
[8]	Gao, L.E., Zeng, L.S., Wang, L., et al., 2013.Age and Formation Mechanism of the Malashan High-Ca Two-Mica Granite within the Northern Himalayan Gneiss Domes, Southern Tibet.Acta Petrologica Sinica, 29(6):1995-2012 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ysxb98201306010
[9]	Harrison, T.M., Célérier, J., Aikman, A.B., et al., 2009.Diffusion of ⁴⁰Ar in Muscovite.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73(4):1039-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.09.038
[10]	Harrison, T.M., Copeland, P., Kidd, W.S.F., et al., 1995.Activation of the Nyainqentanghla Shear Zone:Implications for Uplift of the Southern Tibetan Plateau.Tectonics, 14(3):658-676.https://doi.org/10.1029/95tc00608 doi: 10.1029/95TC00608
[11]	Hintersberger, E., Thiede, R.C., Strecker, M.R., et al., 2010.East-West Extension in the NW Indian Himalaya.Geological Society of America Bulletin, 122(9-10):1499-1515.https://doi.org/10.1130/b26589.1 doi: 10.1130/B26589.1
[12]	Jessup, M.J., Langille, J.M., Cottle, J.M., et al., 2016.Crustal Thickening, Barrovian Metamorphism, and Exhumation of Midcrustal Rocks during Doming and Extrusion:Insights from the Himalaya, NW India.Tectonics, 35(1):160-186.https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001 doi: 10.1002/tect.v35.1
[13]	Jiménez-Munt, I., Platt, J.P., 2006.Influence of Mantle Dynamics on the Topographic Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau:Results from Numerical Modeling.Tectonics, 25(6):1-19.https://doi.org/10.1029/2006tc001963 doi: 10.1029/2006TC001963/full
[14]	Kali, E., Leloup, P.H., Arnaud, N., et al., 2010.Exhumation History of the Deepest Central Himalayan Rocks, Ama Drime Range:Key Pressure-Temperature-Deformation-Time Constraints on Orogenic Models.Tectonics, 29(2):TC2014.https://doi.org/10.1029/2009tc002551 doi: 10.1029/2009TC002551/pdf
[15]	la Roche, R.S., Godin, L., Cottle, J.M., et al., 2016.Direct Shear Fabric Dating Constrains Early Oligocene Onset of the South Tibetan Detachment in the Western Nepal Himalaya.Geology, 44(6):403-406.https://doi.org/10.1130/g37754.1 doi: 10.1130/G37754.1
[16]	Langille, J., Lee, J., Hacker, B., et al., 2010.Middle Crustal Ductile Deformation Patterns in Southern Tibet:Insights from Vorticity Studies in Mabja Dome.Journal of Structural Geology, 32(1):70-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2009.08.009
[17]	Larson, K.P., Godin, L., Davis, W.J., et al., 2010.Out-of-Sequence Deformation and Expansion of the Himalayan Orogenic Wedge:Insight from the Changgo Culmination, South Central Tibet.Tectonics, 29(4):TC4013.https://doi.org/10.1029/2008tc002393 doi: 10.1029/2008TC002393/pdf
[18]	Law, R.D., 2014.Deformation Thermometry Based on Quartz C-Axis Fabrics and Recrystallization Microstructures:A Review.Journal of Structural Geology, 66:129-161.https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001 doi: 10.1016/j.jsg.2014.05.023
[19]	Lee, J., Hacker, B., Wang, Y., 2004.Evolution of North Himalayan Gneiss Domes:Structural and Metamorphic Studies in Mabja Dome, Southern Tibet.Journal of Structural Geology, 26(12):2297-2316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2004.02.013
[20]	Lee, J., Hager, C., Wallis, S.R., et al., 2011.Middle to Late Miocene Extremely Rapid Exhumation and Thermal Reequilibration in the Kung Co Rift, Southern Tibet.Tectonics, 30(2):TC2007.https://doi.org/10.1029/2010tc002745 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=JJ0223963081
[21]	Li, G.M., Zhang, L.K., Jiao, Y.J., et al., 2017.First Discovery and Implications of Cuonadong Superlarge Be-W-Sn Polymetallic Deposit in Himalayan Metallogenic Belt, Southern Tibet.Mineral Deposits, 36(4):1003-1008 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=kcdz201704014
[22]	Liang, W., Yang, Z.S., Zheng, Y.C., 2015.The Zhaxikang Pb-ZnP Deposit:Ar-Ar Age of Sericite and Its Metallogenic Significance.Acta Geologica Sinica, 89(3):560-568 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DZXE201503010.htm
[23]	Liu, Z.C., Wu, F.Y., Qiu, Z.L., et al., 2017.Leucogranite Geochronological Constraints on the Termination of the South Tibetan Detachment in Eastern Himalaya.Tectonophysics, 721:106-122.https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2017.08.019
[24]	Ludwig, K.R., 2003.User's Manual for Isoplot/EX Version 3.00:A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel.Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication, 4:1-70. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/248255142_User''s_manual_for_IsoplotEx_version_2
[25]	Meng, Y.K., Xu, Z.Q., Ma, S.W., er al., 2016.Deformational Characteristics and Geochronological Constraints of Quxu Ductile Shear Zone in Middle Gangdese Magmatic Belt, South Tibet.Earth Science, 41(7):1081-1098 (in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/dqkx.2016.090 http://www.en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-DQKX201607001.htm
[26]	Mitsuishi, M., Wallis, S.R., Aoya, M., et al., 2012.E-W Extension at 19 Ma in the Kung Co Area, S.Tibet:Evidence for Contemporaneous E-W and N-S Extension in the Himalayan Orogen.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 325-326:10-20.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.013 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=JJ0226107636
[27]	Nelson, K.D., Zhao, W., Brown, L.D., et al., 1996.Partially Molten Middle Crust beneath Southern Tibet:Synthesis of Project INDEPTH Results.Science, 274(5293):1684-1688. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5293.1684
[28]	Schill, E., Crouzet, C., Gautam, P., et al., 2002.Where did Rotational Shortening Occur in the Himalayas? -Inferences from Palaeomagnetic Remagnetisations.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 203(1):45-57.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(02)00842-7 doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00842-7
[29]	Schultz, M.H., Hodges, K.V., Ehlers, T.A., et al., 2017.Thermochronologic Constraints on the Slip History of the South Tibetan Detachment System in the Everest Region, Southern Tibet.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 459:105-117.https://doi.org/10.13039/100000001 doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.022
[30]	Stipp, M., Stünitz, H., Heilbronner, R., et al., 2002.The Eastern Tonale Fault Zone:A 'natural Laboratory' for Crystal Plastic Deformation of Quartz over a Temperature Range from 250 to 700℃.Journal of Structural Geology, 24(12):1861-1884.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8141(02)00035-4 doi: 10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00035-4
[31]	Styron, R.H., Taylor, M.H., Murphy, M.A., 2011.Oblique Convergence, Arc-Parallel Extension, and the Role of Strike-Slip Faulting in the High Himalaya.Geosphere, 7(2):582-596.https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00606.1 doi: 10.1130/GES00606.1
[32]	Sun, X., Zheng, Y.Y., Wang, C.M., et al., 2016.Identifying Geochemical Anomalies Associated with Sb-Au-Pb-Zn-Ag Mineralization in North Himalaya, Southern Tibet.Ore Geology Reviews, 73:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.10.020
[33]	Valli, F., Arnaud, N., Leloup, P.H., et al., 2007.Twenty Million Years of Continuous Deformation along the Karakorum Fault, Western Tibet:A Thermochronological Analysis.Tectonics, 26(4):TC4004.https://doi.org/10.1029/2005tc001913 doi: 10.1029/2005TC001913/full
[34]	Wagner, T., Lee, J., Hacker, B.R., et al., 2010.Kinematics and Vorticity in Kangmar Dome, Southern Tibet:Testing Midcrustal Channel Flow Models for the Himalaya.Tectonics, 29(6):TC6011.https://doi.org/10.1029/2010tc002746 doi: 10.1029/2010TC002746/full
[35]	Wang, X.X., Zhang, J.J., Wang, J.M., 2016.Geochronology and Formation Mechanism of the Paiku Granite in the Northern Himalaya, and Its Tectonic Implications.Earth Science, 41(6):982-998 (in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/dqkx.2016.082 http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dqkx201606006
[36]	Wu, F.Y., Liu, X.C., Ji, W.Q., et al., 2017.Highly Fractionated Granites:Recognition and Research.Science in China(Series D), 47(7):745-765 (in Chinese). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dizhixb201708010
[37]	Yin, A., 2010.Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of Asia:A Preliminary Synthesis.Tectonophysics, 488(1-4):293-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.06.002
[38]	Zhang, H.F., Harris, N., Parrish, R., et al., 2004.Causes and Consequences of Protracted Melting of the Mid-Crust Exposed in the North Himalayan Antiform.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 228(1-2):195-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.031
[39]	Zhang, J.J., 2007.A Review on the Extensional Structures in the Northern Himalaya and Southern Tibet.Geological Bulletin of China, 26(6):639-649 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=zgqydz200706003
[40]	Zhang, J.J., Guo, L., Zhang, B., 2007.Structure and Kinematics of the Yalashangbo Dome in the Northern Himalayan Dome Belt, China.Chinese Journal of Geology, 42(1):16-30 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dzkx200701003
[41]	Zhang, J.J., Santosh, M., Wang, X.X., et al., 2012.Tectonics of the Northern Himalaya since the India-Asia Collision.Gondwana Research, 21(4):939-960.https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2011.11.004
[42]	Zhang, J.J., Yang, X.Y., Qi, G.W., et al., 2011.Geochronology of the Malashan Dome and Its Application in Formation of the Southern Tibet Detachment System (STDS) and Northern Himalayan Gneiss Domes (NHGD).Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(12):3535-3544 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ysxb98201112003
[43]	丁林, 岳雅慧, 蔡福龙, 等, 2006.西藏拉萨地块高镁超钾质火山岩及对南北向裂谷形成时间和切割深度的制约.地质学报, 80(9):1252-1261. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2006.09.003
[44]	高利娥, 曾令森, 王莉, 等, 2013.藏南马拉山高钙二云母花岗岩的年代学特征及其形成机制.岩石学报, 29(6):1995-2012. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ysxb98201306010
[45]	李光明, 张林奎, 焦彦杰, 等, 2017.西藏喜马拉雅成矿带错那洞超大型铍锡钨多金属矿床的发现及意义.矿床地质, 36(4):1003-1008. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/kcdz201704014
[46]	梁维, 杨竹森, 郑远川, 2015.藏南扎西康铅锌多金属矿绢云母Ar-Ar年龄及其成矿意义.地质学报, 89(3):560-568. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dizhixb201503009
[47]	孟元库, 许志琴, 马士委, 等.2016.藏南冈底斯岩浆带中段曲水韧性剪切带的变形特征及其年代学约束.地球科学, 41(7):1081-1098.https://doi.org/dqkx.2016.090 http://earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=3320
[48]	王晓先, 张进江, 王佳敏, 2016.北喜马拉雅佩枯花岗岩年代学、成因机制及其构造意义.地球科学, 41(6):982-998.https://doi.org/dqkx.2016.082 http://earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=3311
[49]	吴福元, 刘小驰, 纪伟强, 等, 2017.高分异花岗岩的识别与研究.中国科学(D辑), 47(7):745-765. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QKC20172017071200021563
[50]	张进江, 2007.北喜马拉雅及藏南伸展构造综述.地质通报, 26(6):639-649. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2007.06.003
[51]	张进江, 郭磊, 张波, 2007.北喜马拉雅穹隆带雅拉香波穹隆的构造组成和运动学特征.地质科学, 42(1):16-30. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0563-5020.2007.01.003
[52]	张进江, 杨雄英, 戚国伟, 等, 2011.马拉山穹窿的活动时限及其在藏南拆离系——北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹窿形成机制的应用.岩石学报, (12):3535-3544. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=ysxb98201112003